Pengenalan kepada Piawaian GB/T 196
GB/T 196-2003 menetapkan dimensi asas untuk benang metrik tujuan umum, seperti yang dirujuk dalam GB/T 192-2003 dan GB/T 193-2003. Piawaian ini penting untuk sambungan pengikat mekanikal di mana benang tidak menyediakan fungsi pengedap. Ia menentukan diameter utama (D, d), pic (P), diameter pic (D2, d2), dan diameter kecil (D1, d1) dalam milimeter, memastikan kebolehkendalian dan kekuatan dalam pemasangan. Jurutera bergantung pada dimensi ini untuk mereka bentuk sambungan yang boleh dipercayai, mencegah kegagalan akibat ketidakpadanan atau beban lampau. Pematuhan yang tepat meminimumkan toleransi pembuatan dan meningkatkan keselamatan produk dalam industri seperti automotif dan jentera.
Dimensi ini terpakai pada pic kasar dan halus, menyokong pengeluaran piawai. Untuk kegunaan optimum, gabungkan dengan piawaian toleransi untuk mencapai kelas kesesuaian yang diingini, mengimbangi kemudahan pemasangan dengan kuasa pegangan.
Skop
Piawaian ini merangkumi dimensi asas untuk benang biasa yang digunakan dalam pengikatan mekanikal umum. Ia tidak termasuk benang khusus untuk aplikasi pengedap atau ketepatan tinggi. Faedah utama termasuk saiz seragam untuk keserasian global, memudahkan perdagangan dan pembaikan antarabangsa. Profesional harus mengesahkan dimensi terhadap keperluan beban tertentu, dengan mempertimbangkan faktor seperti kekuatan bahan dan keadaan persekitaran untuk reka bentuk yang teguh.
- Berkenaan dengan diameter dari 1 mm hingga 300 mm.
- Memberi tumpuan kepada sambungan tujuan umum yang tidak mengedap.
- Panduan: Gunakan untuk bolt, nat dan skru dalam pemasangan standard.
Dimensi Asas
Jadual di bawah menyenaraikan diameter major nominal (D, d), pic (P), diameter pic (D2, d2), dan diameter minor (D1, d1) dalam mm. Nilai-nilai ini adalah asas untuk pengiraan profil ulir, memastikan penglibatan dan pengagihan beban yang betul. Untuk ulir berbilang permulaan atau pic tersuai, rujuk piawaian tambahan. Petua praktikal: Sentiasa ukur ulir sebenar untuk mengambil kira variasi pembuatan, mengekalkan integriti pemasangan.
| Diameter Nominal (Major) D, d | Padang P | Diameter Pitch D2, d2 | Diameter Kecil D1, d1 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 | 0.838 | 0.729 |
| 0.2 | 0.87 | 0.783 | |
| 1.1 | 0.25 | 0.938 | 0.829 |
| 0.2 | 0.97 | 0.883 | |
| 1.2 | 0.25 | 1.038 | 0.929 |
| 0.2 | 1.07 | 0.983 | |
| 1.4 | 0.3 | 1.205 | 1.075 |
| 0.2 | 1.27 | 1.183 | |
| 1.6 | 0.35 | 1.373 | 1.221 |
| 0.2 | 1.47 | 1.383 | |
| 1.8 | 0.35 | 1.573 | 1.421 |
| 0.2 | 1.67 | 1.583 | |
| 2 | 0.4 | 1.74 | 1.567 |
| 0.25 | 1.838 | 1.729 | |
| 2.2 | 0.45 | 1.908 | 1.713 |
| 0.25 | 2.038 | 1.929 | |
| 2.5 | 0.45 | 2.208 | 2.013 |
| 0.35 | 2.273 | 2.121 | |
| 3 | 0.5 | 2.675 | 2.459 |
| 0.35 | 2.773 | 2.621 | |
| 3.5 | 0.6 | 3.11 | 2.85 |
| 0.35 | 3.273 | 3.121 | |
| 4 | 0.7 | 3.545 | 3.242 |
| 0.5 | 3.675 | 3.459 | |
| 4.5 | 0.75 | 4.013 | 3.688 |
| 0.5 | 4.175 | 3.959 | |
| 5 | 0.8 | 4.48 | 4.134 |
| 0.5 | 4.675 | 4.459 | |
| 5.5 | 0.5 | 5.175 | 4.959 |
| 6 | 1 | 5.35 | 4.917 |
| 0.75 | 5.513 | 5.188 | |
| 7 | 1 | 6.35 | 5.917 |
| 0.75 | 6.513 | 6.188 | |
| 8 | 1.25 | 7.188 | 6.647 |
| 1 | 7.35 | 6.917 | |
| 0.75 | 7.513 | 7.188 | |
| 9 | 1.25 | 8.188 | 7.647 |
| 1 | 8.35 | 7.917 | |
| 0.75 | 8.513 | 8.188 | |
| 10 | 1.5 | 9.026 | 8.376 |
| 1.25 | 9.188 | 8.647 | |
| 1 | 9.35 | 8.917 | |
| 0.75 | 9.513 | 9.188 | |
| 11 | 1.5 | 10.026 | 9.376 |
| 1 | 10.35 | 9.917 | |
| 0.75 | 10.513 | 10.188 | |
| 12 | 1.75 | 10.863 | 10.106 |
| 1.5 | 11.026 | 10.376 | |
| 1.25 | 11.188 | 10.647 | |
| 1 | 11.35 | 10.917 | |
| 14 | 2 | 12.701 | 11.835 |
| 1.5 | 13.026 | 12.376 | |
| 1.25 | 13.188 | 12.647 | |
| 1 | 13.35 | 12.917 | |
| 15 | 1.5 | 14.026 | 13.376 |
| 1 | 14.35 | 13.917 | |
| 16 | 2 | 14.701 | 13.835 |
| 1.5 | 15.026 | 14.376 | |
| 1 | 15.35 | 14.917 | |
| 17 | 1.5 | 16.026 | 15.376 |
| 1 | 16.35 | 15.917 | |
| 18 | 2.5 | 16.376 | 15.294 |
| 2 | 16.701 | 15.835 | |
| 1.5 | 17.026 | 16.376 | |
| 1 | 17.35 | 16.917 | |
| 20 | 2.5 | 18.376 | 17.294 |
| 2 | 18.701 | 17.835 | |
| 1.5 | 19.026 | 18.376 | |
| 1 | 19.35 | 18.917 | |
| 22 | 2.5 | 20.376 | 19.294 |
| 2 | 20.701 | 19.835 | |
| 1.5 | 21.026 | 20.376 | |
| 1 | 21.35 | 20.917 | |
| 24 | 3 | 22.051 | 20.752 |
| 2 | 22.701 | 21.835 | |
| 1.5 | 23.026 | 22.376 | |
| 1 | 23.35 | 22.917 | |
| 25 | 2 | 23.701 | 22.835 |
| 1.5 | 24.026 | 23.376 | |
| 1 | 24.35 | 23.917 | |
| 26 | 1.5 | 25.026 | 24.376 |
| 27 | 3 | 25.051 | 23.752 |
| 2 | 25.701 | 24.835 | |
| 1.5 | 26.026 | 25.376 | |
| 1 | 26.35 | 25.917 | |
| 28 | 2 | 26.701 | 25.835 |
| 1.5 | 27.026 | 26.376 | |
| 1 | 27.35 | 26.917 | |
| 30 | 3.5 | 27.727 | 26.211 |
| 3 | 28.051 | 26.752 | |
| 2 | 28.701 | 27.835 | |
| 1.5 | 29.026 | 28.376 | |
| 1 | 29.35 | 28.917 | |
| 32 | 2 | 30.701 | 29.835 |
| 1.5 | 31.026 | 30.376 | |
| 33 | 3.5 | 30.727 | 29.211 |
| 3 | 31.051 | 29.752 | |
| 2 | 31.701 | 30.835 | |
| 1.5 | 32.026 | 31.376 | |
| 35 | 1.5 | 34.026 | 33.376 |
| 36 | 4 | 33.402 | 31.67 |
| 3 | 34.051 | 32.752 | |
| 2 | 34.701 | 33.835 | |
| 1.5 | 35.026 | 34.376 | |
| 38 | 1.5 | 37.026 | 36.376 |
| 39 | 4 | 36.402 | 34.67 |
| 3 | 37.051 | 35.752 | |
| 2 | 37.701 | 36.835 | |
| 1.5 | 38.026 | 37.376 | |
| 40 | 3 | 38.051 | 36.752 |
| 2 | 38.701 | 37.835 | |
| 1.5 | 39.026 | 38.376 | |
| 42 | 4.5 | 39.077 | 37.129 |
| 4 | 39.402 | 37.67 | |
| 3 | 40.051 | 38.752 | |
| 2 | 40.701 | 39.835 | |
| 1.5 | 41.026 | 40.376 | |
| 45 | 4.5 | 42.077 | 40.129 |
| 4 | 42.402 | 40.67 | |
| 3 | 43.051 | 41.752 | |
| 2 | 43.701 | 42.835 | |
| 1.5 | 44.026 | 43.376 | |
| 48 | 5 | 44.752 | 42.587 |
| 4 | 45.402 | 43.67 | |
| 3 | 46.051 | 44.752 | |
| 2 | 46.701 | 45.835 | |
| 1.5 | 47.026 | 46.375 | |
| 50 | 3 | 48.051 | 46.752 |
| 2 | 48.701 | 47.835 | |
| 1.5 | 49.026 | 48.376 | |
| 52 | 5 | 48.752 | 46.587 |
| 4 | 49.402 | 47.67 | |
| 3 | 50.051 | 48.752 | |
| 2 | 50.701 | 49.835 | |
| 1.5 | 51.026 | 50.376 | |
| 55 | 4 | 52.402 | 50.67 |
| 3 | 53.051 | 51.752 | |
| 2 | 53.701 | 52.835 | |
| 1.5 | 54.026 | 53.376 | |
| 56 | 5.5 | 52.428 | 50.046 |
| 4 | 53.402 | 51.67 | |
| 3 | 54.051 | 52.752 | |
| 2 | 54.701 | 53.835 | |
| 1.5 | 55.026 | 54.376 | |
| 58 | 4 | 55.402 | 53.67 |
| 3 | 56.051 | 54.752 | |
| 2 | 56.701 | 55.835 | |
| 1.5 | 57.026 | 56.376 | |
| 60 | 5.5 | 56.428 | 54.046 |
| 4 | 57.402 | 55.67 | |
| 3 | 58.051 | 56.752 | |
| 2 | 58.701 | 57.835 | |
| 1.5 | 59.026 | 58.376 | |
| 62 | 4 | 59.402 | 57.67 |
| 3 | 60.051 | 58.752 | |
| 2 | 60.701 | 59.835 | |
| 1.5 | 61.026 | 60.376 | |
| 64 | 6 | 60.103 | 57.505 |
| 4 | 61.402 | 59.67 | |
| 3 | 62.051 | 60.752 | |
| 2 | 62.701 | 61.835 | |
| 1.5 | 63.026 | 62.376 | |
| 65 | 4 | 62.402 | 60.67 |
| 3 | 63.051 | 61.752 | |
| 2 | 63.701 | 62.835 | |
| 1.5 | 64.026 | 63.376 | |
| 68 | 6 | 64.103 | 61.505 |
| 4 | 65.402 | 63.67 | |
| 3 | 66.051 | 64.752 | |
| 2 | 66.701 | 65.835 | |
| 1.5 | 67.026 | 66.376 | |
| 70 | 6 | 66.103 | 63.505 |
| 4 | 67.402 | 65.67 | |
| 3 | 68.051 | 66.752 | |
| 2 | 68.701 | 67.835 | |
| 1.5 | 69.026 | 68.376 | |
| 72 | 6 | 68.103 | 65.505 |
| 4 | 69.402 | 67.67 | |
| 3 | 70.051 | 68.752 | |
| 2 | 70.701 | 69.835 | |
| 1.5 | 71.026 | 70.376 | |
| 75 | 4 | 72.402 | 70.67 |
| 3 | 73.051 | 71.752 | |
| 2 | 73.701 | 72.835 | |
| 1.5 | 74.026 | 73.376 | |
| 76 | 6 | 72.103 | 69.505 |
| 4 | 73.402 | 71.67 | |
| 3 | 74.051 | 72.752 | |
| 2 | 74.701 | 73.835 | |
| 1.5 | 75.026 | 74.376 | |
| 78 | 2 | 76.7 | 75.835 |
| 80 | 6 | 76.103 | 73.505 |
| 4 | 77.402 | 75.67 | |
| 3 | 78.051 | 76.752 | |
| 2 | 78.701 | 77.835 | |
| 1.5 | 79.026 | 78.376 | |
| 82 | 2 | 80.701 | 79.835 |
| 85 | 6 | 81.103 | 78.505 |
| 4 | 82.402 | 80.67 | |
| 3 | 83.051 | 81.752 | |
| 2 | 83.701 | 82.835 | |
| 90 | 6 | 86.103 | 83.505 |
| 4 | 87.402 | 85.67 | |
| 3 | 88.051 | 86.752 | |
| 2 | 88.701 | 87.835 | |
| 95 | 6 | 91.103 | 88.505 |
| 4 | 92.402 | 90.67 | |
| 3 | 93.051 | 91.752 | |
| 2 | 93.701 | 92.835 | |
| 100 | 6 | 96.103 | 93.505 |
| 4 | 97.402 | 95.67 | |
| 3 | 98.051 | 96.752 | |
| 2 | 98.701 | 97.835 | |
| 105 | 6 | 101.103 | 98.505 |
| 4 | 102.402 | 100.67 | |
| 3 | 103.051 | 101.752 | |
| 2 | 103.701 | 102.835 | |
| 110 | 6 | 106.103 | 103.505 |
| 4 | 107.402 | 105.67 | |
| 3 | 108.051 | 106.752 | |
| 2 | 108.701 | 107.835 | |
| 115 | 6 | 111.103 | 108.505 |
| 4 | 112.402 | 110.67 | |
| 3 | 113.051 | 111.752 | |
| 2 | 113.701 | 112.835 | |
| 120 | 6 | 116.103 | 113.505 |
| 4 | 117.402 | 115.67 | |
| 3 | 118.051 | 116.752 | |
| 2 | 118.701 | 117.835 | |
| 125 | 6 | 121.103 | 118.505 |
| 4 | 122.402 | 120.67 | |
| 3 | 123.051 | 121.752 | |
| 2 | 123.701 | 122.835 | |
| 130 | 6 | 126.103 | 123.505 |
| 4 | 127.402 | 125.67 | |
| 3 | 128.051 | 126.752 | |
| 2 | 128.701 | 127.835 | |
| 135 | 6 | 131.103 | 128.505 |
| 4 | 132.402 | 130.67 | |
| 3 | 133.051 | 131.752 | |
| 2 | 133.701 | 132.835 | |
| 140 | 6 | 136.103 | 133.505 |
| 4 | 137.402 | 135.67 | |
| 3 | 138.051 | 136.752 | |
| 2 | 138.701 | 137.835 | |
| 145 | 6 | 141.103 | 138.505 |
| 4 | 142.402 | 140.67 | |
| 3 | 143.051 | 141.752 | |
| 2 | 143.701 | 142.835 | |
| 150 | 8 | 144.804 | 141.34 |
| 6 | 146.103 | 143.505 | |
| 4 | 147.402 | 145.67 | |
| 3 | 148.051 | 146.752 | |
| 2 | 148.701 | 147.835 | |
| 155 | 6 | 151.103 | 148.505 |
| 4 | 152.402 | 150.67 | |
| 3 | 153.051 | 151.752 | |
| 160 | 8 | 154.804 | 151.34 |
| 6 | 156.103 | 153.505 | |
| 4 | 157.402 | 155.67 | |
| 3 | 158.051 | 156.752 | |
| 165 | 6 | 161.103 | 158.505 |
| 4 | 162.402 | 160.67 | |
| 3 | 163.051 | 161.752 | |
| 170 | 8 | 164.804 | 161.34 |
| 6 | 166.103 | 163.505 | |
| 4 | 167.402 | 165.67 | |
| 3 | 168.051 | 166.752 | |
| 175 | 6 | 171.103 | 168.505 |
| 4 | 172.402 | 170.67 | |
| 3 | 173.051 | 171.752 | |
| 180 | 8 | 174.804 | 171.34 |
| 6 | 176.103 | 173.505 | |
| 4 | 177.402 | 175.67 | |
| 3 | 178.051 | 176.752 | |
| 185 | 6 | 181.103 | 178.505 |
| 4 | 182.402 | 180.67 | |
| 3 | 183.051 | 181.752 | |
| 190 | 8 | 184.804 | 181.34 |
| 6 | 186.103 | 183.505 | |
| 4 | 187.402 | 185.67 | |
| 3 | 188.051 | 186.752 | |
| 195 | 6 | 191.103 | 188.505 |
| 4 | 192.402 | 190.67 | |
| 3 | 193.051 | 191.752 | |
| 200 | 8 | 194.804 | 191.34 |
| 6 | 196.103 | 193.505 | |
| 4 | 197.402 | 195.67 | |
| 3 | 198.051 | 196.752 | |
| 205 | 6 | 201.103 | 198.505 |
| 4 | 202.402 | 200.67 | |
| 3 | 203.051 | 201.752 | |
| 210 | 8 | 204.804 | 201.34 |
| 6 | 206.103 | 203.505 | |
| 4 | 207.402 | 205.67 | |
| 3 | 208.051 | 206.752 | |
| 215 | 6 | 211.103 | 208.505 |
| 4 | 212.402 | 210.67 | |
| 3 | 213.051 | 211.752 | |
| 220 | 8 | 214.804 | 211.34 |
| 6 | 216.103 | 213.505 | |
| 4 | 217.402 | 215.67 | |
| 3 | 218.051 | 216.752 | |
| 225 | 6 | 221.103 | 218.505 |
| 4 | 222.402 | 220.67 | |
| 3 | 223.051 | 221.752 | |
| 230 | 8 | 224.804 | 221.34 |
| 6 | 226.103 | 223.505 | |
| 4 | 227.402 | 225.67 | |
| 3 | 228.051 | 226.752 | |
| 235 | 6 | 231.103 | 228.505 |
| 4 | 232.402 | 230.67 | |
| 3 | 233.051 | 231.752 | |
| 240 | 8 | 234.804 | 231.34 |
| 6 | 236.103 | 233.505 | |
| 4 | 237.402 | 235.67 | |
| 3 | 238.051 | 236.752 | |
| 245 | 6 | 241.103 | 238.505 |
| 4 | 242.402 | 240.67 | |
| 3 | 243.051 | 241.752 | |
| 250 | 8 | 244.804 | 241.34 |
| 6 | 246.103 | 243.505 | |
| 4 | 247.402 | 245.67 | |
| 3 | 248.051 | 246.752 | |
| 255 | 6 | 251.103 | 248.505 |
| 4 | 252.402 | 250.67 | |
| 260 | 8 | 254.804 | 251.34 |
| 6 | 256.103 | 253.505 | |
| 4 | 257.402 | 255.67 | |
| 265 | 6 | 261.103 | 258.505 |
| 4 | 262.402 | 260.67 | |
| 270 | 8 | 264.804 | 261.34 |
| 6 | 266.103 | 263.505 | |
| 4 | 267.402 | 265.67 | |
| 275 | 6 | 271.103 | 268.505 |
| 4 | 272.402 | 270.67 | |
| 280 | 8 | 274.804 | 271.34 |
| 6 | 276.103 | 273.505 | |
| 4 | 277.402 | 275.67 | |
| 285 | 6 | 281.103 | 278.505 |
| 4 | 282.402 | 280.67 | |
| 290 | 8 | 284.804 | 281.34 |
| 6 | 286.103 | 283.505 | |
| 4 | 287.402 | 285.67 | |
| 295 | 6 | 291.103 | 288.505 |
| 4 | 292.402 | 290.67 | |
| 300 | 8 | 294.804 | 291.34 |
| 6 | 296.103 | 293.505 | |
| 4 | 297.402 | 295.67 |
Soalan Lazim
Apakah tujuan GB/T 196-2003?
Ia menyediakan dimensi asas untuk benang metrik tujuan umum, memastikan pengikatan piawai tanpa pengedap. Gunakan untuk sambungan mekanikal yang mana kebolehpercayaan adalah kunci, merujuk toleransi untuk kelas kesesuaian.
Bagaimana untuk memilih pic untuk diameter tertentu?
Pic kasar (nilai yang lebih besar) menawarkan pemasangan yang lebih mudah; pic halus memberikan rintangan getaran yang lebih baik. Padankan dengan beban dan aplikasi, contohnya, M10 dengan pic 1.5 mm untuk kegunaan standard.
Bagaimana jika diameter tidak disenaraikan?
Rujuk piawaian berkaitan seperti GB/T 192 untuk sambungan atau kira menggunakan formula. Untuk saiz tersuai, rujuk garis panduan kejuruteraan untuk mengekalkan kekuatan.
Mengapakah perlu membezakan diameter major, pic dan minor?
Major ialah saiz nominal, pic ialah jarak benang, minor ialah diameter akar yang mempengaruhi kekuatan. Nilai yang tepat menghalang pelucutan atau kelonggaran dalam pemasangan.
Bagaimana untuk mengaplikasikannya dalam reka bentuk?
Gabungkan dengan kelas toleransi daripada GB/T 197 untuk padanan yang tepat. Pertimbangkan bahan dan beban untuk mengelakkan kegagalan, menggunakan perisian untuk simulasi.
Perbezaan antara benang kasar dan halus?
Benang kasar dipasang lebih cepat tetapi benang halus menawarkan kekuatan tegangan yang lebih tinggi dan pelarasan yang lebih baik. Pilih berdasarkan getaran dan kekangan ruang.
