Vickers Brinell Rockwell
Hardness conversion tables are essential tools in materials engineering, allowing professionals to compare measurements from different testing methods such as Vickers (HV), Brinell (HB), Rockwell (HR), and Shore (HS). These conversions are based on standards like DIN 50150, providing reliable approximations for common metals. They aid in quality control, material selection, and specification compliance, ensuring consistency across testing protocols. Note that conversions are approximate and should be verified with actual tests for critical applications, as factors like material composition and heat treatment can influence accuracy.
Understanding these tables enables engineers to translate hardness values for design, manufacturing, and inspection purposes. For instance, Rockwell scales are quick for production lines, while Vickers is precise for small areas. Always consider the test load and indenter type when using conversions.
Hardness Conversion for Common Metals
This table covers conversions for common metals like carbon steel and alloy steel, including Rockwell (HRA, HRB, HRC, HRD), Superficial Rockwell (15N, 30N, 45N), Vickers (HV), Brinell (HB), and Shore (HS). It is derived from DIN 50150 for typical steel ranges. Use it to cross-reference values when switching between test methods, ensuring material properties meet specifications. For thin parts or surface-treated components, Superficial Rockwell is preferred to avoid deformation.
- Select the appropriate scale based on material thickness and hardness level.
- Verify with standard test methods for precision in engineering designs.
- Guidance: For steels above 500 HV, consider potential brittleness in applications.
| Rockwell Hardness | Superficial Rockwell Hardness | Vickers | Brinell | Shore | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HRA | HRB | HRC | HRD | 15N | 30N | 45N | HV | HB | Ensino Médio |
| 60kgf | 100kgf | 150kgf | 100kgf | 15kgf | 30kgf | 45kgf | 50kgf | 3000kgf | JIS |
| 85.6 | 68 | 76.9 | 93.2 | 84.4 | 75.4 | 940 | 97.6 | ||
| 85.3 | 67.5 | 76.5 | 93 | 84 | 74.3 | 920 | 96.4 | ||
| 85 | 67 | 76.1 | 92.9 | 83.6 | 74.2 | 900 | 95.2 | ||
| 84.7 | 66.5 | 75.7 | 92.7 | 83.1 | 73.6 | 880 | 94 | ||
| 84.4 | 65.9 | 75.3 | 92.5 | 82.7 | 73.1 | 860 | 92.8 | ||
| 84.1 | 65.3 | 74.8 | 92.3 | 82.2 | 72.2 | 840 | 91.5 | ||
| 83.8 | 64.7 | 74.3 | 92.1 | 81.7 | 71.8 | 820 | 90.2 | ||
| 83.4 | 64 | 73.8 | 92 | 81.1 | 70.7 | 800 | 88.9 | ||
| 83 | 63.3 | 73.3 | 91.5 | 80.4 | 70.2 | 780 | 87.5 | ||
| 82.6 | 62.5 | 72.6 | 91.2 | 79.7 | 69.4 | 760 | 86.2 | ||
| 82.2 | 61.8 | 72.1 | 91 | 79.1 | 68.6 | 740 | 84.8 | ||
| 81.8 | 61 | 71.5 | 90.7 | 78.4 | 67.7 | 720 | 83.3 | ||
| 81.3 | 60.1 | 70.8 | 90.3 | 77.6 | 66.7 | 700 | 81.8 | ||
| 81.1 | 59.7 | 70.5 | 90.1 | 77.2 | 66.2 | 690 | 81.1 | ||
| 80.8 | 59.2 | 70.1 | 89.7 | 76.8 | 65.7 | 680 | 80.3 | ||
| 80.6 | 58.8 | 69.8 | 89.5 | 76.4 | 65.3 | 670 | 79.6 | ||
| 80.3 | 58.3 | 69.4 | 89.2 | 75.9 | 64.7 | 660 | 78.8 | ||
| 80 | 57.8 | 69 | 89 | 75.5 | 64.1 | 650 | 78 | ||
| 79.8 | 57.3 | 68.7 | 88.8 | 75.1 | 63.5 | 640 | 77.2 | ||
| 79.5 | 56.8 | 68.3 | 88.5 | 74.6 | 63 | 630 | 76.4 | ||
| 79.2 | 56.3 | 67.9 | 88.2 | 74.2 | 62.4 | 620 | 75.6 | ||
| 78.9 | 55.7 | 67.5 | 88 | 73.6 | 61.7 | 610 | 74.7 | ||
| 78.6 | 55.2 | 67 | 87.8 | 73.2 | 61.2 | 600 | 73.9 | ||
| 78.4 | 54.7 | 66.7 | 87.5 | 72.7 | 60.5 | 590 | 73.1 | ||
| 78 | 54.1 | 66.2 | 87.2 | 72.1 | 59.9 | 580 | 72.2 | ||
| 77.8 | 53.6 | 65.8 | 87 | 71.7 | 59.3 | 570 | 71.3 | ||
| 77.4 | 53 | 65.4 | 86.8 | 71.2 | 58.6 | 560 | 70.4 | ||
| 77 | 52.3 | 64.8 | 86.5 | 70.5 | 57.8 | 550 | 69.6 | ||
| 76.7 | 51.7 | 64.4 | 86.3 | 70 | 57 | 540 | 68.7 | ||
| 76.4 | 51.1 | 63.9 | 86 | 69.5 | 56.2 | 530 | 67.7 | ||
| 76.1 | 50.5 | 63.5 | 85.7 | 69 | 55.6 | 520 | 66.8 | ||
| 75.7 | 49.8 | 63.1 | 85.4 | 68.3 | 54.7 | 510 | 65.9 | ||
| 75.3 | 49.1 | 62.7 | 85 | 67.7 | 54.1 | 500 | 64.9 | ||
| 74.9 | 48.4 | 62.3 | 84.7 | 67.1 | 53.5 | 490 | 63.7 | ||
| 74.5 | 47.7 | 61.9 | 84.3 | 66.4 | 52.9 | 480 | 62.5 | ||
| 74.1 | 46.9 | 61.5 | 83.9 | 65.7 | 52.3 | 470 | 61.3 | ||
| 73.6 | 46.1 | 60.9 | 83.6 | 65 | 51.6 | 460 | 60 | ||
| 73.3 | 45.3 | 60.5 | 83.2 | 64.3 | 51 | 450 | 59 | ||
| 72.8 | 44.5 | 59.9 | 82.8 | 63.5 | 50.3 | 440 | 58 | ||
| 72.3 | 43.6 | 59.3 | 82.5 | 62.7 | 49.7 | 430 | 56.9 | ||
| 71.8 | 42.7 | 58.7 | 82 | 61.9 | 49 | 420 | 55.9 | ||
| 71.4 | 41.8 | 58.1 | 81.8 | 61.1 | 48.2 | 410 | 54.9 | ||
| 70.8 | 40.8 | 57.5 | 81.3 | 60.2 | 47.4 | 400 | 53.8 | ||
| 70.3 | 39.8 | 57.1 | 81 | 59.6 | 46.8 | 390 | 53 | ||
| 69.8 | 110 | 38.8 | 56.5 | 80.6 | 59 | 46.1 | 380 | 52.1 | |
| 40 | 100 | 95 | 16.1 | ||||||
Hardness Conversion for Soft Metals
For soft metals like copper and aluminum, this table provides conversions between Rockwell (HRB, HRF), Superficial Rockwell (15T, 30T, 45T), and Vickers (HV). These materials require lighter loads to avoid deformation, making Superficial scales ideal. Use this for non-ferrous alloys in electronics or aerospace, where precise hardness correlates with ductility and machinability.
- Match scale to material softness to prevent inaccurate readings.
- Cross-check with Vickers for small or thin samples.
- Tip: Lower hardness indicates better formability but lower wear resistance.
| Rockwell Hardness | Superficial Rockwell Hardness | Vickers | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HRB | HRF | 15T | 30T | 45T | HV |
| 100kgf | 60kgf | 15kgf | 30kgf | 45kgf | 50kgf |
| 93.5 | 110 | 90 | 77.5 | 66 | 196 |
| 109.5 | 65.5 | 194 | |||
| 93 | 77 | 65 | 192 | ||
| 92.5 | 109 | 76.5 | 64.5 | 190 | |
| 92 | 89.5 | 64 | 188 | ||
| 91.5 | 108.5 | 76 | 63.5 | 186 | |
| 91 | 75.5 | 63 | 184 | ||
| 90.5 | 108 | 89 | 62.5 | 182 | |
| 90 | 107.5 | 75 | 62 | 180 | |
| 89 | 74.5 | 61.5 | 178 | ||
| 88.5 | 107 | 61 | 176 | ||
| 88 | 88.5 | 74 | 60.5 | 174 | |
| 87.5 | 106.5 | 73.5 | 60 | 172 | |
| 87 | 59.5 | 170 | |||
| 86 | 106 | 88 | 73 | 59 | 168 |
| 85.5 | 72.5 | 58.5 | 166 | ||
| 85 | 105.5 | 72 | 58 | 164 | |
| 84 | 105 | 87.5 | 57.5 | 162 | |
| 83.5 | 71.5 | 56.7 | 160 | ||
| 83 | 104.5 | 71 | 56 | 158 | |
| 82 | 104 | 87 | 70.5 | 55.5 | 156 |
| 81.5 | 103.5 | 70 | 54.5 | 154 | |
| 80.5 | 54 | 152 | |||
| 80 | 86.5 | 69.5 | 53.5 | 150 | |
| 79 | 102.5 | 69 | 53 | 148 | |
| 78 | 102 | 68.5 | 52.5 | 146 | |
| 77.5 | 101.5 | 86 | 68 | 51.5 | 144 |
| 77 | 101 | 67.5 | 51 | 142 | |
| 76 | 100.5 | 85.5 | 67 | 50 | 140 |
| 75 | 100 | 66.5 | 49 | 138 | |
| 74.5 | 99.5 | 85 | 66 | 48 | 136 |
| 73.5 | 99 | 65.5 | 47.5 | 134 | |
| 73 | 98.5 | 84.5 | 65 | 46.5 | 132 |
| 72 | 98 | 84 | 64.5 | 45.5 | 130 |
| 71 | 97.5 | 63.5 | 45 | 128 | |
| 70 | 97 | 83.5 | 63 | 44 | 126 |
| 69 | 96.5 | 62.5 | 43 | 124 | |
| 68 | 96 | 83 | 62 | 42 | 122 |
| 67 | 95.5 | 61 | 41 | 120 | |
| 66 | 95 | 82.5 | 60.5 | 40 | 118 |
| 65 | 94.5 | 82 | 60 | 39 | 116 |
| 64 | 94 | 81.5 | 59.5 | 38 | 114 |
| 63 | 93 | 81 | 58.5 | 37 | 112 |
| 62 | 92.6 | 80.5 | 58 | 35.5 | 110 |
| 61 | 92 | 57 | 34.5 | 108 | |
| 59.5 | 91.2 | 80 | 56 | 33 | 106 |
| 58 | 90.5 | 79.5 | 55 | 32 | 104 |
| 57 | 89.8 | 79 | 54.5 | 30.5 | 102 |
| 56 | 89 | 78.5 | 53.5 | 29.5 | 100 |
| 54 | 88 | 78 | 52.5 | 28 | 98 |
| 53 | 87.2 | 77.5 | 51.5 | 26.5 | 96 |
| 61.6 | 86.6 | 77 | 50.5 | 24.5 | 94 |
| 49.5 | 85.4 | 76.5 | 49 | 23 | 92 |
| 47.5 | 84.4 | 75.5 | 48 | 21 | 90 |
| 46 | 83.5 | 75 | 47 | 19 | 88 |
| 44 | 82.3 | 74.5 | 45.5 | 17 | 86 |
| 42 | 81.2 | 73.5 | 44 | 14.5 | 84 |
| 40 | 80 | 73 | 43 | 12.5 | 82 |
| 37.5 | 78.6 | 72 | 41 | 10 | 80 |
| 35 | 77.4 | 71.5 | 39.5 | 7.5 | 78 |
| 32.5 | 76 | 70.5 | 38 | 4.5 | 76 |
| 30 | 74.8 | 70 | 36 | 1 | 74 |
| 27.5 | 73.2 | 69 | 34 | 72 | |
| 24.5 | 71.6 | 68 | 32 | 70 | |
| 21.5 | 70 | 67 | 30 | 68 | |
| 18.5 | 68.5 | 66 | 28 | 66 | |
| 15.5 | 66.8 | 65 | 25.5 | 64 | |
| 12.5 | 65 | 63.5 | 23 | 62 | |
| 10 | 63 | 62.5 | 20.5 | 60 | |
| 61 | 61 | 18 | 58 | ||
| 58.8 | 60 | 15 | 56 | ||
| 56.5 | 58.5 | 12 | 54 | ||
| 53.5 | 57 | 52 | |||
| 50.5 | 55.5 | 50 | |||
| 49 | 54.5 | 49 | |||
| 47 | 53.5 | 48 | |||
| 45 | 47 | ||||
| 43 | 46 | ||||
| 40 | 45 | ||||
Perguntas frequentes
What is the difference between Rockwell and Superficial Rockwell scales?
Superficial Rockwell uses lighter loads (15, 30, 45 kgf) for thin or surface-treated materials to avoid deformation, while standard Rockwell uses heavier loads (60, 100, 150 kgf) for bulk hardness. Choose Superficial for thin-walled parts like tubes to ensure accurate readings without damaging the sample.
How accurate are hardness conversions?
Conversions are approximations based on standards like DIN 50150 and may vary with material type or condition. Always perform direct tests for critical applications, as factors like grain structure or alloying elements can affect equivalence.
Why use Vickers hardness for small areas?
Vickers uses a diamond indenter with variable loads, making it suitable for precise measurements on small or heterogeneous surfaces. It provides a single scale (HV) for all hardness levels, facilitating conversions to other scales like Rockwell or Brinell.
When to use the soft metals table?
Use it for non-ferrous metals like copper or aluminum, which are softer and require adjusted scales to prevent indentation errors. This table helps in applications like electrical components where ductility is key.
Can these tables be used for all metals?
No, they are optimized for common steels and soft metals. For stainless steel or exotic alloys, refer to specific standards or conduct empirical tests, as conversions may not hold due to unique properties.
What if a value is not listed in the table?
Interpolate cautiously or use mathematical formulas from standards like ASTM E140. For accuracy, perform the desired test directly, especially in quality assurance processes.
