{"id":5688,"date":"2025-12-24T00:46:43","date_gmt":"2025-12-24T00:46:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/?p=5688"},"modified":"2025-12-24T00:50:26","modified_gmt":"2025-12-24T00:50:26","slug":"gb-t-3098-13-bolt-screw-torque-test-failure-torque","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/zh\/blog\/gb-t-3098-13-bolt-screw-torque-test-failure-torque\/","title":{"rendered":"GB\/T 3098.13\uff1a\u87ba\u6813\u548c\u87ba\u9489\u626d\u77e9\u8bd5\u9a8c\u53ca\u5931\u6548\u626d\u77e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

GB\/T 3098.13\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h1>\n
\n

\u672c\u6807\u51c6\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u516c\u79f0\u76f4\u5f84\u4e3a 1 \u6beb\u7c73\u81f3 10 \u6beb\u7c73\u7684\u87ba\u6813\u548c\u87ba\u9489\u7684\u626d\u77e9\u8bd5\u9a8c\u548c\u6700\u5c0f\u5931\u6548\u626d\u77e9\u3002\u5b83\u786e\u4fdd\u7d27\u56fa\u4ef6\u5728\u626d\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8377\u4e0b\u6ee1\u8db3\u673a\u68b0\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u673a\u68b0\u3001\u6c7d\u8f66\u548c\u5efa\u7b51\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u672c\u6807\u51c6\u53c2\u8003\u4e86 ISO 898-7:1992\uff0c\u5e76\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6027\u80fd\u7b49\u7ea7 8.8\u30019.8\u300110.9 \u548c 12.9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e86\u89e3\u6b64\u6807\u51c6\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7d27\u56fa\u4ef6\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u56e0\u626d\u8f6c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e0d\u8db3\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u5931\u6548\u3002\u5b83\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u87ba\u6813\u548c\u87ba\u9489\u80fd\u5426\u627f\u53d7\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u626d\u77e9\u800c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u65e9\u65ad\u88c2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u626d\u77e9\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/h2>\n
\n

\u539f\u5219<\/h3>\n

\u626d\u77e9\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u5c06\u87ba\u6813\u6216\u87ba\u9489\u5939\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u88c5\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u65bd\u52a0\u626d\u77e9\u76f4\u81f3\u5176\u65ad\u88c2\uff0c\u5e76\u6d4b\u91cf\u65ad\u88c2\u626d\u77e9\u3002\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u7d27\u56fa\u4ef6\u7684\u6297\u626d\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u6ee1\u8db3\u6700\u4f4e\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u8fbe\u5230\u89c4\u5b9a\u503c\u4e4b\u524d\u65ad\u88c2\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u7eaf\u626d\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8377\uff0c\u4ee5\u5206\u79bb\u526a\u5207\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6750\u6599\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u5236\u9020\u8d28\u91cf\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
    \n

    \u8bbe\u5907<\/h3>\n

    \u6d4b\u8bd5\u88c5\u7f6e\u5305\u62ec\u626d\u77e9\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u4e2d\u7684\u56fe 1\uff09\u3002\u5173\u952e\u90e8\u4ef6\u786e\u4fdd\u6d4b\u91cf\u7cbe\u5ea6\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u626d\u77e9\u6273\u624b\u6216\u626d\u77e9\u8ba1\u7684\u91cf\u7a0b\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u8bd5\u6837\u6700\u5c0f\u5931\u6548\u626d\u77e9\u7684\u4e94\u500d\u3002<\/li>\n
    2. \u626d\u77e9\u8ba1\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8bef\u5dee\u5e94\u4e3a\u6700\u5c0f\u5931\u6548\u626d\u77e9\u7684\u00b11%\u3002<\/li>\n
    3. \u4f7f\u7528\u5939\u5177\u56fa\u5b9a\u7d27\u56fa\u4ef6\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4ea7\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u8f74\u5411\u8f7d\u8377\u6216\u6469\u64e6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eea\u5668\u7684\u6821\u51c6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6761\u4ef6<\/h3>\n

      \u8bd5\u9a8c\u53ea\u80fd\u65bd\u52a0\u626d\u8f6c\u529b\uff0c\u6570\u503c\u89c1\u88682\u3002\u8bd5\u6837\u5728\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u5931\u6548\u626d\u77e9\u4e4b\u524d\u4e0d\u5f97\u65ad\u88c2\u3002\u4e3a\u786e\u4fdd\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u5e94\u907f\u514d\u5934\u90e8\u4e0e\u87ba\u7eb9\u90e8\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea7\u751f\u6469\u64e6\u3002<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u9664\u975e\u53e6\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u901a\u5e38\u9002\u7528\u73af\u5883\u6e29\u5ea6\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u87ba\u7eb9\u516c\u5dee\u4e3a 6g\u30016f \u548c 6e \u7684\u7d27\u56fa\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u5efa\u8bae\u62bd\u53d6\u591a\u4e2a\u6837\u672c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6279\u6b21\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7f6e\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
        \n

        \u7a0b\u5e8f<\/h3>\n

        \u5c06\u87ba\u6813\u6216\u87ba\u9489\u63d2\u5165\u5939\u5177\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u4e24\u5708\u87ba\u7eb9\u5b8c\u5168\u556e\u5408\uff0c\u5939\u5177\u4e0e\u87ba\u9489\u5934\u4e4b\u95f4\u81f3\u5c11\u7559\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u87ba\u7eb9\u76f4\u5f84\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u7a33\u5b9a\u5730\u65bd\u52a0\u626d\u77e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u87ba\u6813\u6216\u87ba\u9489\u5931\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u59a5\u5584\u56fa\u5b9a\u6807\u672c\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u6ed1\u843d\u3002<\/li>\n
        2. \u8bb0\u5f55\u53d1\u751f\u65ad\u88c2\u65f6\u7684\u626d\u77e9\u3002<\/li>\n
        3. \u68c0\u67e5\u65ad\u88c2\u9762\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5939\u6742\u7269\u6216\u70ed\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u5f53\u7b49\u7f3a\u9677\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6307\u5bfc\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

          \u6700\u5c0f\u5931\u6548\u626d\u77e9<\/h2>\n
          \n

          \u6700\u5c0f\u5931\u6548\u626d\u77e9\uff08M\uff09B \u5206\u949f<\/sub>) \u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n

          MB \u5206\u949f<\/sub> = \u03c4B \u5206\u949f<\/sub> \u00d7 WP \u5206\u949f<\/sub><\/p>\n

          \u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1a<\/p>\n

            \n
          • WP \u5206\u949f<\/sub> = \u03c0\/16 \u00d7 d1\u5206\u949f<\/sub>3<\/sup> \uff08\u626d\u8f6c\u622a\u9762\u6a21\u91cf\uff09<\/li>\n
          • \u03c4B \u5206\u949f<\/sub> = X \u00d7 \u03c3b \u5206\u949f<\/sub> \uff08\u6700\u5c0f\u626d\u8f6c\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff09<\/li>\n
          • d1\u5206\u949f<\/sub>\u5916\u87ba\u7eb9\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5c0f\u5f84<\/li>\n
          • \u03c3b \u5206\u949f<\/sub>\u6700\u5c0f\u6297\u62c9\u5f3a\u5ea6<\/li>\n
          • X\uff1a\u5f3a\u5ea6\u6bd4\uff08\u6765\u81ea\u88681\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u8be5\u8ba1\u7b97\u786e\u4fdd\u7d27\u56fa\u4ef6\u80fd\u591f\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u627f\u53d7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8f7d\u8377\uff0c\u5e76\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u6750\u6599\u7279\u6027\u548c\u51e0\u4f55\u5f62\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

            \n

            \u5f3a\u5ea6\u6bd4 X<\/h3>\n
            \n\n\n\n\n\n
            \u8d22\u4ea7\u7c7b\u522b<\/th>\n8.8<\/th>\n9.8<\/th>\n10.9<\/th>\n12.9<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            \u6bd4\u7387 X<\/td>\n0.84<\/td>\n0.815<\/td>\n0.79<\/td>\n0.75<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

            \u8fd9\u4e9b\u6bd4\u7387\u6839\u636e\u62c9\u4f38\u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u6574\u626d\u8f6c\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

            \n

            \u6700\u5c0f\u5931\u6548\u626d\u77e9\u503c<\/h3>\n
            \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            \u87ba\u7eb9\u6807\u8bc6<\/th>\n\u87ba\u8ddd\uff08\u6beb\u7c73\uff09<\/th>\n\u6700\u5c0f\u5931\u6548\u626d\u77e9 MB \u5206\u949f<\/sub> \uff08\u725b\u00b7\u7c73\uff09<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u8d22\u4ea7\u7c7b\u522b<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
            8.8<\/th>\n9.8<\/th>\n10.9<\/th>\n12.9<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            M1<\/td>\n0.25<\/td>\n0.033<\/td>\n0.036<\/td>\n0.04<\/td>\n0.045<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            M1.2<\/td>\n0.25<\/td>\n0.075<\/td>\n0.082<\/td>\n0.092<\/td>\n0.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            M1.4<\/td>\n0.3<\/td>\n0.12<\/td>\n0.13<\/td>\n0.14<\/td>\n0.16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            M1.6<\/td>\n0.35<\/td>\n0.16<\/td>\n0.18<\/td>\n0.2<\/td>\n0.22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            M2<\/td>\n0.4<\/td>\n0.37<\/td>\n0.4<\/td>\n0.45<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            M2.5<\/td>\n0.45<\/td>\n0.82<\/td>\n0.9<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            M3<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n1.5<\/td>\n1.7<\/td>\n1.9<\/td>\n2.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            M3.5<\/td>\n0.6<\/td>\n2.4<\/td>\n2.7<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n3.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            M4<\/td>\n0.7<\/td>\n3.6<\/td>\n3.9<\/td>\n4.4<\/td>\n4.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            M5<\/td>\n0.8<\/td>\n7.6<\/td>\n8.3<\/td>\n9.3<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            M6<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n14<\/td>\n16<\/td>\n17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            M7<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n23<\/td>\n25<\/td>\n28<\/td>\n31<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            M8<\/td>\n1.25<\/td>\n33<\/td>\n36<\/td>\n40<\/td>\n44<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            M8\u00d71<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n38<\/td>\n42<\/td>\n46<\/td>\n52<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            M10<\/td>\n1.5<\/td>\n66<\/td>\n72<\/td>\n81<\/td>\n90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            M10\u00d71<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n84<\/td>\n92<\/td>\n102<\/td>\n114<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            M10\u00d71.25<\/td>\n1.25<\/td>\n75<\/td>\n82<\/td>\n91<\/td>\n102<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

            \u6ce8\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u503c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u516c\u5dee\u4e3a 6g\u30016f \u548c 6e \u7684\u87ba\u7eb9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u503c\u53ef\u786e\u4fdd\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5b89\u88c5\u65f6\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u626d\u77e9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

            \u5e38\u95ee\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n
            \n

            GB\/T 3098.13 \u4e2d\u626d\u77e9\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h3>\n

            \u8be5\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5c0f\u76f4\u5f84\u87ba\u6813\u548c\u87ba\u9489\u7684\u6297\u626d\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u8f7d\u8377\u4e0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5931\u6548\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7535\u5b50\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u7cbe\u5bc6\u673a\u68b0\u7b49\u9ad8\u5e94\u529b\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4fdd\u8bc1\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u6d4b\u8bd5\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

            \n

            \u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u6211\u7684\u7d27\u56fa\u4ef6\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u7c7b\u522b\uff1f<\/h3>\n

            \u6839\u636e\u6240\u9700\u7684\u62c9\u4f38\u5f3a\u5ea6\u548c\u626d\u8f6c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c12.9 \u7ea7\u94a2\u6750\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\u64cd\u4f5c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6c22\u8106\u3002\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u5e94\u7528\u8f7d\u8377\u548c\u73af\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

            \n

            \u5982\u679c\u6d4b\u5f97\u7684\u626d\u77e9\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6700\u5c0f\u5931\u6548\u626d\u77e9\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f<\/h3>\n

            \u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u6750\u6599\u7f3a\u9677\u6216\u5236\u9020\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5e94\u62d2\u6536\u8be5\u6279\u6b21\u4ea7\u54c1\u5e76\u8c03\u67e5\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u70ed\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u5f53\u6216\u87ba\u7eb9\u51e0\u4f55\u5f62\u72b6\u504f\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

            \n

            \u8be5\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u5426\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u76f4\u5f84\u5927\u4e8e 10 \u6beb\u7c73\u7684\u7d27\u56fa\u4ef6\uff1f<\/h3>\n

            \u4e0d\uff0cGB\/T 3098.13 \u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u76f4\u5f84 1-10 \u6beb\u7c73\u7684\u5de5\u4ef6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u5927\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003 GB\/T 3098 \u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u6216 ISO \u540c\u7b49\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 ISO 898-1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

            \n

            \u6469\u64e6\u529b\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u626d\u77e9\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\uff1f<\/h3>\n

            \u5934\u90e8\u4e0e\u87ba\u7eb9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6469\u64e6\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6d4b\u91cf\u626d\u77e9\u503c\u504f\u9ad8\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u3002\u4e3a\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u5e94\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u5939\u5177\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6b64\u7c7b\u5e72\u6270\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

            \n

            \u5f3a\u5ea6\u6bd4 X \u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u8d77\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f<\/h3>\n

            X \u503c\u5c06\u626d\u8f6c\u526a\u5207\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6297\u62c9\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u7cfb\u6570\u3002\u7b49\u7ea7\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0cX \u503c\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u8106\u6027\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u91c7\u7528\u4fdd\u5b88\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

             <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Introduction of the GB\/T 3098.13 Standard This standard specifies the torque test and minimum failure torque for bolts and screws with nominal diameters from 1 mm to 10 mm. It ensures fasteners meet mechanical performance requirements under torsional loads, critical for applications in machinery, automotive, and construction industries. The standard references ISO 898-7:1992 and applies […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[220],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5688","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technical-documentation-and-references"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5688","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5688"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5688\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5691,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5688\/revisions\/5691"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5688"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5688"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5688"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}