{"id":5909,"date":"2025-12-26T01:22:29","date_gmt":"2025-12-26T01:22:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/?p=5909"},"modified":"2025-12-26T01:22:29","modified_gmt":"2025-12-26T01:22:29","slug":"black-spots-in-plated-parts-salt-spray-test","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/blog\/black-spots-in-plated-parts-salt-spray-test\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111en tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m phun mu\u1ed1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111en tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m phun mu\u1ed1i<\/h1>\n
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\u0110\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/h2>\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed5ng quan c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111en tr\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m phun mu\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n logic t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00e2ng cao v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n

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  1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m phun mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111en<\/li>\n
  2. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111en: T\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/li>\n
  3. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/li>\n
  4. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/li>\n
  5. C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba<\/li>\n
  6. Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/li>\n
  7. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p (FAQ)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/section>\n
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    Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m phun mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111en<\/h2>\n

    Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m phun mu\u1ed1i, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m phun mu\u1ed1i trung t\u00ednh (NSS), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kim lo\u1ea1i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u1ed1c v\u00edt, ch\u1ed1t bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. Theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 ASTM B117 v\u00e0 ISO 9227, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u1ec9 tr\u1eafng trong v\u00f2ng 48 gi\u1edd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecf trong v\u00f2ng 72 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm, trong \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ec9 tr\u1eafng cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh oxit k\u1ebdm v\u00e0 r\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecf bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 oxy h\u00f3a kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n (s\u1eaft).<\/p>\n

    Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u ph\u00e1t sinh khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea3ng \u0111en xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecf, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u00e0 tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111en n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a k\u1ebdm ho\u1eb7c kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m trong l\u1edbp m\u1ea1. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbp m\u1ea1 kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m k\u1ebdm xanh, k\u1ebdm tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i cromat h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb ba, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 \u00f4 t\u00f4, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111en, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bdung d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1 l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m l\u1edbp m\u1ea1. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, cung c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 1400 t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n trong ng\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i K\u1ebdm Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1ea1 nh\u01b0 ASTM A380 v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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    Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111en: T\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c v\u1ebft \u0111en trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m phun mu\u1ed1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t l\u1eabn v\u00e0o l\u1edbp m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1, ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ion kim lo\u1ea1i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: k\u1ebdm), ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia. Theo th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u00edch t\u1ee5 do s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dung d\u1ecbch nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m bao g\u1ed3m d\u1ea7u th\u1eeba, m\u1ea3nh kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ph\u00f4i, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t r\u01a1i v\u00e3i ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

    Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u1ebdm, dung d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1 l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c axit, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ion k\u1ebdm b\u1ecb kh\u1eed t\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c \u00e2m (v\u1eadt c\u1ea7n m\u1ea1). C\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng v\u1edbi k\u1ebdm, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a \u01b0u ti\u00ean trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 oxit k\u1ebdm \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t (g\u1ec9 tr\u1eafng), c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t s\u1eabm m\u00e0u, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111en. S\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 di\u1ec5n ra d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo t\u1eebng m\u1ebb m\u1ea1; s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dung d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd cho l\u1edbp m\u1ea1 s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n, trong khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p bao g\u1ed3m s\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1eb7n h\u1eefu c\u01a1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, s\u1eaft t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ecb h\u00f2a tan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh oxit s\u1eaft, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111en h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 ISO 2081 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 k\u1ebdm nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n dung d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 quang ph\u1ed5 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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    C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n

    C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf oxy h\u00f3a li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong l\u1edbp m\u1ea1. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n phun mu\u1ed1i (5% NaCl \u1edf 35\u00b0C, pH 6,5-7,2 theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 9227), c\u00e1c ion clorua t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu. T\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed anot, \u0103n m\u00f2n nhanh h\u01a1n k\u1ebdm xung quanh, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh oxit ho\u1eb7c hydroxit m\u00e0u \u0111en.<\/p>\n

    V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t s\u1eaft, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh Fe2O3 ho\u1eb7c Fe3O4 (magnetit \u0111en). C\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 b\u1ecb cacbon h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t s\u1eabm m\u00e0u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi g\u1ec9 tr\u1eafng (Zn(OH)2 ho\u1eb7c ZnO) ho\u1eb7c g\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecf (Fe2O3 tr\u00ean kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n). C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111en xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm v\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a \u01b0u ti\u00ean, th\u01b0\u1eddng trong v\u00f2ng 24-48 gi\u1edd, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

    Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1ebft loang l\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9. Ph\u1ed5 tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a (EIS) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00f2n, cho th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM G85 v\u1ec1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m phun mu\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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    Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 ISO 9227 v\u00e0 ASTM B117 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh phun mu\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ebft \u0111en, m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u201cc\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0103n m\u00f2n kh\u00e1c\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00f4 t\u00f4 nh\u01b0 SAE J2334 ho\u1eb7c GMW14872 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1ebft \u0111en, th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t n\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 s\u1ed1 gi\u1edd quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm theo ASTM B633 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb l\u1ecdc dung d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: s\u1eaft <50 ppm). Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a cromat theo ASTM B201 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m bao g\u1ed3m ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m trong t\u1ee7 k\u00edn, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 ASTM D1654, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ebft \u0111en s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ebfu v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/th>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/th>\nM\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111en<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    ISO 9227<\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m NSS<\/td>\n\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3; c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111en \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ASTM B117<\/td>\nTh\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0103n m\u00f2n kim lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n; t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ebft \u1ed1 s\u1edbm.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ASTM B633<\/td>\nTh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm<\/td>\nH\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong dung d\u1ecbch t\u1eafm \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SAE J2334<\/td>\nTh\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0103n m\u00f2n chu k\u1ef3<\/td>\n\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf; c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m cho th\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt s\u1edbm nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111en.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c v\u1ebft \u0111en, c\u1ea7n duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m l\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, m\u1ea1 th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thay dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3. L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea1 theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM A380 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb d\u00ednh d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 v\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 ki\u1ec1m v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch ng\u00e2m axit.<\/p>\n

    Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch dung d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c quang ph\u1ed5 gi\u00fap theo d\u00f5i n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u01b0 <100 ppm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dung d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1 m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

    Sau khi m\u1ea1, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: crom h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb ba) gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. N\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ebft \u1ed1, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea9y l\u1edbp m\u1ea1 c\u0169 v\u00e0 m\u1ea1 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea3 thi, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0nh t\u1eeb Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i M\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Hoa K\u1ef3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c v\u1ebft \u0111en thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n chung, thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo ng\u00e0nh. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ebft \u0111en n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, trong khi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c v\u1ebft \u0111en nh\u1ecf. M\u1ed9t ti\u00eau ch\u00ed th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c v\u1ebft \u0111en t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang l\u1ebb (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea3ng) v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm <2,5% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn s\u1ea1ch khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, do t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c v\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111en l\u1edbn, n\u00ean m\u1ea1 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i (10x) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1ch quan.<\/p>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro; tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 ISO 4628 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u1ea1.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p (FAQ)<\/h2>\n

    Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111en tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t tr\u1eafng trong c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m phun mu\u1ed1i?<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111en l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong l\u1edbp m\u1ea1, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebdm ho\u1eb7c kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

    Li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111en c\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u00e9m trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf?<\/h3>\n

    Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng; c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n l\u1edbn c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

    L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng dung d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1 nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t?<\/h3>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ecdc, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM B633, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea1, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n

    D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111en kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n

    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u00fd; h\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh, theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

    Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u00e0o n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c v\u1ebft \u0111en?<\/h3>\n

    N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m ri\u00eang l\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t <2,5%, th\u00ec ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng, c\u1ea7n m\u1ea1 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ISO 9227.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

     <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Black Spots in Plated Parts Salt Spray Test Article Outline This article provides a structured overview of black spots in electroplated products during salt spray testing, ensuring logical progression from fundamentals to advanced insights and practical guidance. Introduction to Salt Spray Testing and Black Spots Causes of Black Spots: Impurities in Electroplating Mechanisms of Oxidation […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[220],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5909","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technical-documentation-and-references"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5909","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5909"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5909\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5911,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5909\/revisions\/5911"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5909"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5909"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5909"}],"curies":[{"name":"trang web","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}