{"id":5898,"date":"2025-12-26T01:15:52","date_gmt":"2025-12-26T01:15:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/?p=5898"},"modified":"2025-12-26T01:15:52","modified_gmt":"2025-12-26T01:15:52","slug":"zinc-electroplating-process-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/blog\/zinc-electroplating-process-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u1ebdm"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u1ebdm<\/h2>\n

M\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 bu l\u00f4ng, \u1ed1c v\u00edt v\u00e0 \u0111ai \u1ed1c. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c nh\u00fang ph\u00f4i v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n ch\u1ee9a ion k\u1ebdm, n\u1ed1i ph\u00f4i v\u1edbi c\u1ef1c \u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebdm \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea5p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, c\u00e1c ion k\u1ebdm b\u1ecb kh\u1eed v\u00e0 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ecfng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00f4i. S\u1ef1 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 hy sinh, trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u1edbp k\u1ebdm b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao nh\u1edd t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh k\u00e9m, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n hydro. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 ASTM B633 v\u00e0 ISO 2081, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm b\u1eb1ng axit clorua, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft th\u00e9p. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u1eb9, t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u1ebfp theo nh\u01b0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 duy tr\u00ec th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n

Ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u1ebdm n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a, bao g\u1ed3m bu l\u00f4ng, \u1ed1c v\u00edt v\u00e0 \u0111ai \u1ed1c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 \u00f4 t\u00f4, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m ki\u1ec3m tra trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng axit v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i. C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 amoni clorua v\u00e0 k\u1ebdm clorua trong dung d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 phosphat trong dung d\u1ecbch t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u oxy h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (COD) trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 quan B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (EPA) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a s\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng; trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n thay th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ASTM B841 d\u00e0nh cho h\u1ee3p kim k\u1ebdm-niken.<\/p>\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/h2>\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u1ebdm l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh tr\u00ean d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200b3 ph\u00fat 40 gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn 4 ph\u00fat 20 gi\u00e2y, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd, m\u1ea1 v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd sau m\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n
  2. T\u1ea9y r\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng axit.<\/li>\n
  3. T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n
  4. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n
  5. M\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm trong b\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
  6. K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau khi m\u1ea1.<\/li>\n
  7. R\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 lau kh\u00f4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng, l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 t\u1eeb 5-25 micromet theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO. T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u1ed7i do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

    Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u1ebdm bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ec3 m\u1ea1, th\u00f9ng l\u0103n cho c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf, c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u tr\u00ean cao \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 gia nhi\u1ec7t dung d\u1ecbch, b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 trong c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch, b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u cho ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, m\u00e1y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, m\u00e1y s\u1ea5y cho c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u1eed l\u00fd cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, xe n\u00e2ng cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh ng\u01b0ng h\u1ed3i l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m buret \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, gi\u1ea5y th\u1eed pH ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y \u0111o pH \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 axit, v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng ri\u00eang. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh n\u1eb1m trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 9001, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

    V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho quy tr\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m k\u1ebdm th\u1ecfi l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u anot, x\u00fat \u0103n da (natri hydroxit) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec1m, ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, axit clohydric \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9, ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, k\u1ebdm clorua v\u00e0 amoni clorua l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, hydro peroxide \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1eaft, ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7, xyanua (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh v\u00ec l\u00fd do an to\u00e0n), axit nitric \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a, ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf axit \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n kim lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ecb x\u1ec9n m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb r\u1ed7. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang axit v\u00e0 baz\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

    Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ed3n t\u1eafm<\/h2>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp dung d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u1ea1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • B\u1ec3 t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 n\u00f3ng (3000 L): 100 kg ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 n\u00f3ng + 75 kg x\u00fat \u0103n da; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec7 sinh h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ghi ch\u00e9p.<\/li>\n
    • B\u1ec3 t\u1ea9y r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t (2400 L): N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 axit clohydric theo b\u1ea3ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf 0,1-0,2%; b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n
    • B\u1ec3 t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n (1300 L): 75 kg ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n + 25 kg x\u00fat \u0103n da; \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p 0-10 V; v\u1ec7 sinh h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n
    • B\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t (400 L): L\u00e0m m\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ghi ch\u00e9p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1 (14000 L): 2280 kg amoni clorua, 1000 kg k\u1ebdm clorua, 50 kg ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng, 400 kg ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

      X\u1eed l\u00fd sau \u0111\u00f3: K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng axit nitric 1-5 ml\/L; th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (b\u1ec3 500 L); b\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng (600 L) v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (500 L)<\/caption>\n
      Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/th>\nN\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9\/L\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      Axit cromic ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/td>\nTheo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: trong su\u1ed1t, v\u00e0ng, \u0111en)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Axit nitric<\/td>\n\u0110\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 pH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

      C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ion t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

      Quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n

      Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ea3i: Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch th\u00f9ng 35-85%, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham kh\u1ea3o t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 bao g\u1ed3m th\u00eam ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m m\u1ed7i 12-24 gi\u1edd, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf 60-85\u00b0C \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 n\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ng\u00e2m chua: Th\u00eam axit v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 axit clohidric \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t<\/caption>\n
      Lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/th>\nN\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 (%)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      C\u00f4ng ty th\u00e9p General Steel<\/td>\n10-20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      B\u1ecb r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t n\u1eb7ng<\/td>\n20-30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

      T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n: B\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y m\u1ed7i 2 ng\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 15-60\u00b0C, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p 0-10 V.<\/p>\n

      Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t dung d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1: Amoni clorua 170-250 g\/L, k\u1ebdm clorua 35-80 g\/L (ki\u1ec3m tra hai th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n), ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng 200\u00b120 ml\/kAh, ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m 300\u00b120 ml\/kAh, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 16-38\u00b0C, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng 1.0-1.2, pH 5.6-6.2. Duy tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c k\u1ebdm \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 1\/3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p 2.5-10 V, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n 100-3500 A. Th\u00eam 2 L hydro peroxide tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1eaft m\u00e1y. V\u1ec7 sinh l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng; gi\u1ea3m d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng <100 A trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba bao g\u1ed3m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ph\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9p ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

      X\u1eed l\u00fd h\u1eadu k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd gi\u00f2n hydro<\/h2>\n

      R\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng: X\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 50-85\u00b0C (45-55\u00b0C \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u00f3ng \u00e1nh), l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch m\u1ed7i 4 gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n hydro l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o \u22651000 MPa ho\u1eb7c theo th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong v\u00f2ng 2 gi\u1edd sau khi m\u1ea1. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ram: 190-230\u00b0C trong 3-10 gi\u1edd. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5m cacbon ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0n: 140-230\u00b0C trong 2-10 gi\u1edd. L\u01b0u \u00fd: Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nung; ki\u1ec3m tra trong v\u00f2ng 16 gi\u1edd sau khi nung; l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong v\u00f2ng 2 gi\u1edd sau khi m\u1ea1, t\u1ed1i \u0111a 4 gi\u1edd; tu\u00e2n theo th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

      B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1 ch\u1eadm, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cao.<\/p>\n

      Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n

      T\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra: L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu t\u1eebng th\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c sai l\u1ec7ch th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y; ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n. Vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n bao g\u1ed3m ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c theo b\u1ea3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

      Th\u1ebb quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i ghi r\u00f5 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i ca.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp theo v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<\/h2>\n

      Ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. Gi\u1eef g\u00ecn v\u1ec7 sinh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n, b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao b\u00ec ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p (FAQ)<\/h2>\n

      \u0110\u1ed9 pH t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho dung d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1ed9 pH c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 5,6 \u0111\u1ebfn 6,2 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a hydroxit, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      T\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n hydro?<\/p>\n

      Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf hydro h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 t\u1eeb th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao (\u22651000 MPa) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n b\u1ecb g\u00e3y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngay sau khi m\u1ea1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 nung c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      N\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 dung d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n bao l\u00e2u m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n?<\/p>\n

      N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 amoni clorua v\u00e0 k\u1ebdm clorua c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra hai l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng, c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/p>\n

      \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 2,5 V \u0111\u1ebfn 10 V t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i linh ki\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ch\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c bong tr\u00f3c l\u1edbp m\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ed3n t\u1eafm b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n?<\/p>\n

      Ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd?<\/p>\n

      Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 n\u00f3ng \u1edf 60-85\u00b0C v\u00e0 t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u1edf 15-60\u00b0C t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 bay h\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Introduction to Zinc Electroplating Zinc electroplating is a widely used surface treatment method in mechanical engineering, particularly for enhancing corrosion resistance of metal fasteners such as bolts, screws, and nuts. The process involves immersing the workpiece in an electrolyte solution containing zinc ions, connecting it to the cathode, and placing a zinc anode at the […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[220],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5898","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technical-documentation-and-references"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5898","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5898"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5898\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5899,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5898\/revisions\/5899"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5898"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5898"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5898"}],"curies":[{"name":"trang web","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}