{"id":5879,"date":"2025-12-26T00:57:53","date_gmt":"2025-12-26T00:57:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/?p=5879"},"modified":"2025-12-26T00:57:53","modified_gmt":"2025-12-26T00:57:53","slug":"hydrogen-embrittlement-in-fasteners-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/blog\/hydrogen-embrittlement-in-fasteners-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n hydro trong \u1ed1c v\u00edt"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n hydro<\/h2>\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n hydro l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p c\u00f3 ren c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u00e0m t\u1eeb th\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hydro khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 kim lo\u1ea1i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 g\u00e3y gi\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u01a1n hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ISO 4042 cho c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 SAE USCAR-7 cho th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m gi\u00f2n hydro, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 \u00f4 t\u00f4, h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n hydro th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng n\u1ee9t ch\u1eadm, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh, cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m<\/h2>\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n hydro trong c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p c\u00f3 ren ph\u00e1t sinh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ram, xyanua h\u00f3a, cacbon h\u00f3a, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, phosphat h\u00f3a, m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00e1n v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ch\u00e1y x\u00e9m. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cat\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0103n m\u00f2n g\u00e2y ra. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hydro x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ma tr\u1eadn kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 si\u00eau nh\u1ecf) v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 g\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t danh ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng sau c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i, t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh ngu\u1ed9i, c\u00e1n ren, gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, m\u00e0i, x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n. M\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh do s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng hydro trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n. Gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n do hydro l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 kh\u1eed hydro sau khi m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n theo ISO 4042 v\u00e0 ASTM B850.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m g\u00e3y v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/li>\n
  • Trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cao, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 DIN 267 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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    C\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb gi\u00f2n do hydro trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o cao ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t), h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 hydro v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o. \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng do gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i cao h\u01a1n. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea9y axit v\u00e0 m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 hydro t\u0103ng l\u00ean, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1edbn h\u01a1n do t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean th\u1ec3 t\u00edch cao h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m bao g\u1ed3m n\u1ee9t ch\u1eadm sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y, v\u00e0 h\u1ecfng \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 ISO 15330 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

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    • \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao (>320 HV) sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
    • Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra hydro nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
    • C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn: L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ISO 898 cho bu l\u00f4ng) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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      C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n hydro trong c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n

      C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u2265320 HV, c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u1eed l\u00fd gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng axit, ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian ng\u00e2m t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

      Sau khi gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 9587 v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh. Tr\u00e1nh t\u1ea1o ra \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1n ren sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng >385 HV ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n 12.9 tr\u1edf l\u00ean, n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh t\u1ea9y axit v\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c phun c\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

      S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dung d\u1ecbch m\u1ea1 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cat\u1ed1t cao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng >365 HV. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho \u1ed1c v\u00edt th\u00e9p gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea1. Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, v\u00ec l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 d\u00e0y h\u01a1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng hydro.<\/p>\n

      Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed hydro sau m\u1ea1 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi: bu l\u00f4ng\/\u1ed1c v\u00edt\/\u0111inh t\u00e1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u226510.9; v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m l\u00f2 xo c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u2265372 HV; \u0111ai \u1ed1c c\u00f3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u226512; \u1ed1c v\u00edt t\u1ef1 ren \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; k\u1eb9p kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o \u22651000 MPa ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u2265365 HV.<\/p>\n

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      1. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u1ee7 gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n
      2. H\u00e3y l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a axit.<\/li>\n
      3. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 m\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 hydro.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM F1941 v\u00e0 ISO 4042, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 r\u1ee7i ro, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \n

        C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n hydro<\/h2>\n

        Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed hydro bao g\u1ed3m nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng hydro b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft trong Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c A c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 4042, thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i chi ti\u1ebft, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 m\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

        Nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng: Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n; ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nung ngay sau khi m\u1ea1 (l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong v\u00f2ng 1 gi\u1edd) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng cromat; s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 200\u2013230\u00b0C trong 2\u201324 gi\u1edd, \u01b0u ti\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i h\u01a1n (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 8 gi\u1edd).<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u00b15\u00b0C.<\/li>\n
        • \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n
        • Ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 15330.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m bay h\u01a1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng hydro m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

          \n

          B\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/h2>\n
          \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt<\/th>\n\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng\/S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/th>\nNhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbng (\u00b0C)<\/th>\nTh\u1eddi gian n\u01b0\u1edbng (gi\u1edd)<\/th>\nT\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          Bu l\u00f4ng, \u1ed1c v\u00edt, \u0111inh t\u00e1n<\/td>\n\u226510.9 L\u1edbp<\/td>\n200-230<\/td>\n8-24<\/td>\nISO 4042<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m l\u00f2 xo<\/td>\n\u2265372 HV<\/td>\n190-220<\/td>\n4-10<\/td>\nASTM B850<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t<\/td>\n\u226512 L\u1edbp<\/td>\n200-230<\/td>\n8-16<\/td>\nISO 898-2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u1ed0c v\u00edt t\u1ef1 ren<\/td>\nB\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng<\/td>\n180-210<\/td>\n2-8<\/td>\nISO 2702<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          K\u1eb9p kim lo\u1ea1i<\/td>\n\u22651000 MPa ho\u1eb7c \u2265365 HV<\/td>\n200-230<\/td>\n4-12<\/td>\nASTM F1940<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

          B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 nung d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed hydro t\u1ed1i \u01b0u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

          \n

          C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n

          Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n hydro trong c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n

          Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 hydro trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea9y axit, tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n do \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cao v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 ISO 4042 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nung ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng h\u01a1n?<\/h3>\n

          \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: >320 HV) l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f2a tan hydro v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed gi\u1eef hydro trong m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n cao h\u01a1n. N\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng axit cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u226512.9.<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          N\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian bao nhi\u00eau?<\/h3>\n

          Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nung \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 200-230\u00b0C trong 8-24 gi\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong v\u00f2ng 1 gi\u1edd sau khi m\u1ea1 theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM B850 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng hydro hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          Li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n hydro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n

          M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng qua ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 15330. Ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n hydro?<\/h3>\n

          L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 d\u00e0y h\u01a1n c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n hydro ra ngo\u00e0i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nung, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1. T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 4042, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba gi\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed hydro?<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng duy tr\u00ec (ISO 15330) ho\u1eb7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n (ASTM F1624) gi\u00fap x\u00e1c minh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/article>\n

           <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Introduction to Hydrogen Embrittlement Hydrogen embrittlement is a critical phenomenon in mechanical engineering, particularly affecting high-strength threaded fasteners made from steel or other metals. It occurs when hydrogen atoms diffuse into the metal lattice, leading to reduced ductility and sudden brittle failure under stress levels below the material’s yield strength. This guide, informed by over […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[220],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5879","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technical-documentation-and-references"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5879","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5879"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5879\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5881,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5879\/revisions\/5881"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5879"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5879"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}