{"id":5870,"date":"2025-12-26T00:48:50","date_gmt":"2025-12-26T00:48:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/?p=5870"},"modified":"2025-12-26T00:48:50","modified_gmt":"2025-12-26T00:48:50","slug":"stainless-steel-fasteners-magnetism-issues","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/blog\/stainless-steel-fasteners-magnetism-issues\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u1ed1c v\u00edt b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h2>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt, bu l\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111ai \u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, \u00f4 t\u00f4, h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i austenit nh\u01b0 304 (A2) v\u00e0 316 (A4), th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t sinh khi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb t\u00ednh sau khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c gia c\u00f4ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bt\u00ednh trong th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m m\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ISO 3506 (\u1ed0c v\u00edt \u2013 T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u1ed1c v\u00edt th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n) v\u00e0 GB\/T 3098.6 (T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u1ed1c v\u00edt l\u00e0m t\u1eeb th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n). C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb t\u00ednh nh\u1eb9. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, d\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c thanh th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u00f4 d\u00f9ng cho \u1ed1c v\u00edt ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb t\u00ednh y\u1ebfu, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p ferrit ho\u1eb7c s\u1eaft. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p, cung c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 1400 t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng trong ng\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra t\u1eeb t\u00ednh: \u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0 v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i<\/h2>\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra t\u1eeb t\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m m\u1eb7t (FCC), v\u1ed1n d\u0129 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 d\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i, t\u1ea1o ren, d\u1eadp khu\u00f4n, k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i, u\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh mactenxit do bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u2013 m\u1ed9t pha l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m kh\u1ed1i (BCC) ho\u1eb7c t\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m kh\u1ed1i (BCT) c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t s\u1eaft t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

\u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1c v\u00edt, d\u00e2y th\u00e9p th\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng sau khi gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng cao th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb t\u00ednh y\u1ebfu. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ferrit (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: lo\u1ea1i 430). Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng tinh t\u1ebf, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 nh\u1ea1y ho\u1eb7c nam ch\u00e2m m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim: C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 niken v\u00e0 mangan gi\u00fap \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh pha austenit, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
  • M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i: M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh mactenxit c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng.<\/li>\n
  • Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd: Gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 Md30 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n
  • M\u00e1c th\u00e9p: V\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u00e9p 304 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb h\u01a1n th\u00e9p 316 do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p nh\u01b0 304 v\u00e0 201. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau, th\u00e9p 201 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u00e9p 304, theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c Md30. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u00e1c b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \"gi\u1ea3\".<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 quy c\u00e1ch: ISO 3506 v\u00e0 GB\/T 3098.6<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. Theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 3506 v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 GB\/T 3098.6, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ed9 th\u1ea9m t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i (\u03bcr) \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng 1 cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea9m t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh).<\/p>\n

    V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • A2 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, 304): \u03bcr \u2248 1,8<\/li>\n
    • A4 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, 316): \u03bcr \u2248 1,015<\/li>\n
    • A4L (carbon th\u1ea5p 316): \u03bcr \u2248 1,005<\/li>\n
    • F1 (ferit): \u03bcr \u2248 5 (t\u1eeb t\u00ednh cao h\u01a1n)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c Md30, d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh mactenxit 50% d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng 30%. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

      Md30 = 551 \u2013 462 \u00d7 (C + N) \u2013 9,2 \u00d7 Si \u2013 8,1 \u00d7 Mn \u2013 13,7 \u00d7 Cr \u2013 29 \u00d7 (Ni + Cu) \u2013 18,5 \u00d7 Mo<\/p>\n

      Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Md30 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a austenit cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong luy\u1ec7n kim \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      C\u1ea5p<\/th>\n\u03bcr \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/th>\nM\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      A2<\/td>\n\u22481,8<\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      A4<\/td>\n\u22481,015<\/td>\nR\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      A4L<\/td>\n\u22481,005<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      F1<\/td>\n\u22485<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

      C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

      \n

      C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/h2>\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t phi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch r\u1eafn (x\u1eed l\u00fd dung d\u1ecbch r\u1eafn) r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c nung n\u00f3ng chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 1010-1120\u00b0C \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p 304\/316), gi\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh (t\u00f4i). Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i mactenxit tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i austenit v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

      Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m: n\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u00e9p 304 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1eeb 700 MPa xu\u1ed1ng kho\u1ea3ng 500 MPa, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 ISO 3506 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: A2-70, A2-80) gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 316Ti \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb h\u00f3a do bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng g\u00e2y ra.<\/li>\n
      • T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng.<\/li>\n
      • Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u1ee7 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn van, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 kh\u1eed t\u1eeb. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \n

        \u00dd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n

        T\u1eeb t\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 hi\u1ebfm khi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb MRI, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh th\u1ea5p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: A4L) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u so v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n
        2. Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eeb t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y \u0111o t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng (gaussmeter) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng nam ch\u00e2m.<\/li>\n
        3. Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c th\u00e9p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n Md30 cho c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh.<\/li>\n
        4. Tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m: T\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9.<\/li>\n
        5. C\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi x\u1ea3y ra bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng th\u00eam trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c minh h\u1ecda \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: Th\u00e9p thanh b\u1ecb g\u00e3y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb t\u00ednh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00e3y do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t; c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n cong c\u0169ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb t\u00ednh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 u\u1ed1n; th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u1ee3p kim permalloy (s\u1eaft-niken) c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh sau khi b\u1ecb xo\u1eafn. \u200b\u200bT\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t sinh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

          \n

          C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p (FAQ)<\/h2>\n

          T\u1ea1i sao \u1ed1c v\u00edt b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb sau khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t?<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec7n ren ho\u1eb7c d\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o ra bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh mactenxit v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u00ednh y\u1ebfu theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 3506.<\/p>\n

          Li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng th\u1eadt?<\/h3>\n

          Kh\u00f4ng, t\u1eeb t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 GB\/T 3098.6 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p austenit.<\/p>\n

          L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1eeb t\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9?<\/h3>\n

          \u1ee6 dung d\u1ecbch \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1eeb t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n; ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

          C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c MD30 l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n

          Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Md30 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a austenit; gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

          C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n

          \u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p nh\u01b0 316L (A4L) v\u1edbi \u03bcr \u22481,005 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. H\u00e3y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5u t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

           <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Introduction to Magnetism in Stainless Steel Fasteners Stainless steel fasteners, such as screws, bolts, and nuts, are widely used in industries like construction, automotive, aerospace, and marine applications due to their excellent corrosion resistance, durability, and mechanical properties. Common grades include austenitic types like 304 (A2) and 316 (A4), which are typically non-magnetic in their […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[220],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5870","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technical-documentation-and-references"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5870","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5870"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5870\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5872,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5870\/revisions\/5872"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5870"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5870"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5870"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}