{"id":5824,"date":"2025-12-25T02:17:24","date_gmt":"2025-12-25T02:17:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/?p=5824"},"modified":"2025-12-25T02:18:44","modified_gmt":"2025-12-25T02:18:44","slug":"hot-press-melt-nut-insertion-into-plastic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/blog\/hot-press-melt-nut-insertion-into-plastic\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9p n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ea3y \u0111ai \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp v\u00e0o nh\u1ef1a"},"content":{"rendered":"<section id=\"introduction\" style=\"margin-bottom: 40px;\">\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 2em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-size: 1.1em;\">Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, cho ph\u00e9p si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t an to\u00e0n trong c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m l\u1eafp r\u00e1p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00edch h\u1ee3p kim lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1ef1a. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u00e9p n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 nung ch\u1ea3y n\u00f3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00fang c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft ren v\u00e0o nh\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ebbo. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nung ch\u1ea3y nh\u1ef1a xung quanh \u0111ai \u1ed1c, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c xo\u1eafn. \u200b\u200bD\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau b\u1edfi PEM v\u00e0 SPIROL, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft, c\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nh\u01b0 n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c nung n\u00f3ng \u0111ai \u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, cho ph\u00e9p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng xung quanh chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea7n l\u1eafp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed, x\u1eed l\u00fd sau t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 ABS, polycarbonate v\u00e0 nylon. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh minh h\u1ecda v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"insertion-methods\" style=\"margin-bottom: 40px;\">\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 2em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00e8n<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eafn \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0o nh\u1ef1a, m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m nung ch\u1ea3y, \u00e9p phun v\u00e0 ch\u00e8n si\u00eau \u00e2m, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 ISO v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ng\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: 1.5em; margin-top: 20px;\">Ch\u00e8n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y<\/h3>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nung ch\u1ea3y n\u00f3ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eafn \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh s\u1eb5n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c nung n\u00f3ng \u0111ai \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ef1a xung quanh, cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1ef1a ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c r\u00e3nh ho\u1eb7c khe h\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u0111ai \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y \u00e9p nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ecf h\u00e0n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: decimal; padding-left: 20px;\">\n<li>L\u00e0m n\u00f3ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u00e9p ho\u1eb7c \u0111ai \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 80-90\u00b0C (\u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 10\u00b0C \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m).<\/li>\n<li>C\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 \u1ea5n \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0o l\u1ed7 nh\u1ef1a, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u1ef1c \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch.<\/li>\n<li>Sau khi d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ngu\u1ed9i, r\u00fat \u200b\u200bd\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ra \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y suy y\u1ebfu v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ebbo nh\u01b0 polyetylen, n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: 1.5em; margin-top: 20px;\">Ch\u00e8n \u00e9p phun<\/h3>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u00e9p phun nh\u00fang c\u00e1c \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. \u0110ai \u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong khu\u00f4n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ea3y xung quanh n\u00f3. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1ed7 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t trong ph\u1ea1m vi 0,05 mm \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ed1t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ren trong c\u1ee7a \u0111ai \u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bao b\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi dung sai ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: 1.5em; margin-top: 20px;\">Ch\u00e8n si\u00eau \u00e2m<\/h3>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u00e9p b\u1eb1ng s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, l\u00e0m tan ch\u1ea3y nh\u1ef1a t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. \u0110ai \u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p v\u00e0o trong khi c\u00e1c rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc; padding-left: 20px;\">\n<li>Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, v\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac.<\/li>\n<li>Cung c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3 nhanh (d\u01b0\u1edbi 5 gi\u00e2y) v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o ra l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 500 N t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ai \u1ed1c.<\/li>\n<li>T\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 nylon v\u00e0 ABS, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a gi\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, n\u01a1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng rung l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb theo c\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (20-40 kHz) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"design-selection\" style=\"margin-bottom: 40px;\">\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 2em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ed7 nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111ai \u1ed1c<\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111ai \u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u1ed7 nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111ai \u1ed1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1y (d), \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i (D), chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i (L) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh nh\u1ef1a (W) c\u1ee7a \u0111ai \u1ed1c. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 v\u1eeba kh\u00edt, gi\u1eef ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 tr\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc; padding-left: 20px;\">\n<li><strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1y (d):<\/strong> Nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi l\u1ed7 nh\u1ef1a (C) \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i (D):<\/strong> Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u1ed7 kho\u1ea3ng 0,25-0,3 mm \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00edt, gi\u00fap th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00eda.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i (L):<\/strong> Ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u l\u1ed7 (Y) 0,5-1,0 mm \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nh\u1ef1a n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba tr\u00e0n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh (W):<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 0,8-1,0 mm, t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n theo k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ai \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a: \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111ai \u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thau c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00eda \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 c\u00f3 v\u00e1t c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a SPIROL v\u1ec1 m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u (l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 2 Nm cho \u0111ai \u1ed1c M3) v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o ra.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"reference-data\" style=\"margin-bottom: 40px;\">\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 2em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">B\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ea3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y cung c\u1ea5p k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean nh\u1ef1a d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ren \u0111ai \u1ed1c th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 milim\u00e9t (mm). C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-container\" style=\"overflow-x: auto; width: 100%;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"height: 46px;\" rowspan=\"2\">Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/th>\n<th style=\"height: 46px;\" rowspan=\"2\">\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i D<\/th>\n<th style=\"height: 46px;\" rowspan=\"2\">Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i L<\/th>\n<th style=\"height: 23px;\" colspan=\"2\">L\u1ed7 nh\u1ef1a<\/th>\n<th style=\"height: 46px;\" rowspan=\"2\">\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh nh\u1ef1a W<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"height: 23px;\">\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh C<\/th>\n<th style=\"height: 23px;\">\u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u Y<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">M1.2*0.25<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">2.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">0.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">M1.2*0.25<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">2.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">0.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">M1.4*0.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">2.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">1.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">0.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">M1.4*0.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">2.35<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">2.1<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">0.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">M1.4*0.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">2.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">0.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">M1.4*0.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">2.7<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">2.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">0.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 138px;\" rowspan=\"6\">M1.6*0.35<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 138px;\" rowspan=\"6\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">1.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 138px;\" rowspan=\"6\">2.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 138px;\" rowspan=\"6\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 115px;\" rowspan=\"5\">M1.6*0.35<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 115px;\" rowspan=\"5\">2.7<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 115px;\" rowspan=\"5\">2.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 115px;\" rowspan=\"5\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 115px;\" rowspan=\"5\">M1.6*0.35<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 115px;\" rowspan=\"5\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 115px;\" rowspan=\"5\">2.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 115px;\" rowspan=\"5\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 115px;\" rowspan=\"5\">M1.7*0.35<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 115px;\" rowspan=\"5\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 115px;\" rowspan=\"5\">2.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 115px;\" rowspan=\"5\">1.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 115px;\" rowspan=\"5\">M1.8*0.35<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 115px;\" rowspan=\"5\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 115px;\" rowspan=\"5\">2.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 115px;\" rowspan=\"5\">1.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">M2*0.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">3.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">3.1<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">1.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 115px;\" rowspan=\"5\">M3*0.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 115px;\" rowspan=\"5\">4.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 115px;\" rowspan=\"5\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 115px;\" rowspan=\"5\">1.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">3.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">M3.5*0.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">4.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">1.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">6<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">7<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 138px;\" rowspan=\"6\">M4*0.7<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 138px;\" rowspan=\"6\">6.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 138px;\" rowspan=\"6\">5.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 138px;\" rowspan=\"6\">2.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">5.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">6.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">6.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">7.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">7<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">8<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">M5*0.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">7.1<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">6.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">6<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">2.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">5.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">6.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">6.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">7.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">9.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">10.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">M6*1<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">8.7<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">8<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">6<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">3.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">6.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">7.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">9.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">10.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">12.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">13.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">M8*1.25<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">10.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">9.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">6<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 92px;\" rowspan=\"4\">4.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">6.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">7.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">9.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">10.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">12.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 23px;\">13.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"font-style: italic; margin-top: 10px;\">L\u01b0u \u00fd: C\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tham kh\u1ea3o; h\u00e3y ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. L\u1ed7 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n s\u1ebd t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n th\u00eam th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m m\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"effects-factors\" style=\"margin-bottom: 40px;\">\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 2em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u (80-90\u00b0C \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111ai \u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thau) \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a. Qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, trong khi qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn li\u00ean k\u1ebft k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef: K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 bao b\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. L\u1ed7 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn\/l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o th\u1ea5p; l\u1ed7 qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf g\u00e2y tr\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c n\u1ee9t. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u xung quanh \u0111ai \u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u1ed7 n\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean 2,5 mm v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111ai \u1ed1c tr\u00ean 2,0 mm. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111ai \u1ed1c c\u00f3 kh\u00eda xo\u1eafn \u0111\u01a1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: BS1) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00e0n nh\u1ef1a trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p, h\u00e3y t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00eda g\u00f3c 45\u00b0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nh\u1ef1a ch\u1ea3y t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n khi ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c xo\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a n\u00e0y, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a PEM v\u00e0 SPIROL, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"faq\" class=\"faq\" style=\"margin-bottom: 40px;\">\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 2em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<dl style=\"margin: 0;\">\n<dt>N\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 nung ch\u1ea3y c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh nh\u1ef1a?<\/dt>\n<dd>Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 80-90\u00b0C, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 10\u00b0C so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1ed1t.<\/dd>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<dt>\u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u l\u1ed7 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t \u0111ai \u1ed1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/dt>\n<dd>C\u00e1c l\u1ed7 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n (l\u1edbn h\u01a1n chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111ai \u1ed1c t\u1eeb 0,5-1,0 mm) t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh kho ch\u1ee9a nh\u1ef1a n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng k\u00e9o ra v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng xo\u1eafn; c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 n\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7.<\/dd>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<dt>Lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111ai \u1ed1c n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a?<\/dt>\n<dd>\u0110\u1ed3ng thau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n; th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a.<\/dd>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<dt>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00e8n si\u00eau \u00e2m cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a kh\u00f4ng?<\/dt>\n<dd>Kh\u00f4ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ebbo nh\u01b0 ABS v\u00e0 nylon; n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec7t r\u1eafn v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng tan ch\u1ea3y, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u00e9p ngu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng.<\/dd>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<dt>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c l\u1ed7i tr\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e8n?<\/dt>\n<dd>Ki\u1ec3m tra k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 (\u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o 0,25-0,3 mm); s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111ai \u1ed1c c\u00f3 kh\u00eda g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ea3y h\u01a1n; gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/dd>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<dt>Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0o x\u00e1c minh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e8n?<\/dt>\n<dd>Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m k\u00e9o v\u00e0 momen xo\u1eafn theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D6195; s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1eaft ngang \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/section>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ef1a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, cho ph\u00e9p si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t an to\u00e0n trong c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m l\u1eafp r\u00e1p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00edch h\u1ee3p kim lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1ef1a. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u00e9p n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 nung ch\u1ea3y n\u00f3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00fang c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft ren v\u00e0o nh\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ebbo. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nung ch\u1ea3y nh\u1ef1a xung quanh \u0111ai \u1ed1c, [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[220],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5824","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technical-documentation-and-references"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5824","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5824"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5824\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5826,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5824\/revisions\/5826"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5824"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5824"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5824"}],"curies":[{"name":"trang web","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}