{"id":5723,"date":"2025-12-24T02:35:38","date_gmt":"2025-12-24T02:35:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/?p=5723"},"modified":"2025-12-24T02:36:28","modified_gmt":"2025-12-24T02:36:28","slug":"gb-t-3098-2-2015-coarse-thread-nut-properties-standard","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/blog\/gb-t-3098-2-2015-coarse-thread-nut-properties-standard\/","title":{"rendered":"Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3098.2-2015: Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111ai \u1ed1c ren th\u00f4"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #333; font-size: 1.5em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">\u0110\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3098.2-2015, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc; padding-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<li>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u: T\u1ed5ng quan v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n<li>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n<li>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng: C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn: Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p: Gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p c\u00e1c th\u1eafc m\u1eafc th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #333; font-size: 1.5em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3098.2-2015 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111ai \u1ed1c c\u00f3 ren th\u00f4 l\u00e0m t\u1eeb th\u00e9p cacbon ho\u1eb7c th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 10\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 35\u00b0C. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y m\u00f3c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111ai \u1ed1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #333; font-size: 1.5em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">Nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">\u0110ai \u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bth\u00e9p carbon v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ram, l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac mactenxit x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 90% trong ph\u1ea7n ren tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ram.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc; padding-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<li>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n.<\/li>\n<li>Duy tr\u00ec h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mangan t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed1t pho v\u00e0 l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ram cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p 05, 8 (D&gt; M16), 10 v\u00e0 12.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"table-container\" style=\"overflow-x: auto; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 10px;\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">L\u1edbp t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">C (%) t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Mn (%) ph\u00fat<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">P (%) t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">S (%) t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Th\u00e9p cacbon<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.58<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.25<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.060<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Th\u00e9p cacbon<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">T\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ram<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.58<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.048<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.058<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Th\u00e9p cacbon<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.58<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.060<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">6<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Th\u00e9p cacbon<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.58<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.060<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Ki\u1ec3u 2<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Th\u00e9p cacbon<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.58<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.25<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.060<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Ki\u1ec3u 1 D \u2264 M16<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Th\u00e9p cacbon<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.58<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.25<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.060<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Ki\u1ec3u 1 D &gt; M16<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Th\u00e9p cacbon<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">T\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ram<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.58<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.048<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.058<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">10<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Th\u00e9p cacbon<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">T\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ram<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.58<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.048<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.058<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">12<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Th\u00e9p cacbon<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">T\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ram<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.58<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.45<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.048<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.058<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">L\u01b0u \u00fd: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ram, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #333; font-size: 1.5em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">\u0110ai \u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng an to\u00e0n t\u1ed1i \u0111a trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 kh\u00ed. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c c\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc; padding-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<li>Ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u1eafp r\u00e1p.<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n kh\u1edbp c\u1ee7a ren v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"table-container\" style=\"overflow-x: auto; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 10px;\">T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m (N)<\/h3>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">S\u00e2n b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">04<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">05<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">5<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">6<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">8<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">10<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">12<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">5400<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">7100<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">8250<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">9500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">12140<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">14800<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">16300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M6<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">7640<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">10000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">11700<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">13500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">17200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">20900<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">23100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M7<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">11000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">14500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">16800<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">19400<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">24700<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">30100<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">33200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">1.25<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">13900<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">18300<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">21600<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">24900<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">31800<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">38100<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">42500<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M10<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">1.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">22000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">29000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">34200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">39400<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">50500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">60300<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">67300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M12<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">1.75<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">32000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">42200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">51400<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">59000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">74200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">88500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">100300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M14<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">43700<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">57500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">70200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">80500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">101200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">120800<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">136900<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M16<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">59700<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">78500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">95800<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">109900<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">138200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">164900<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">186800<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M18<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">73000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">96000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">121000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">138200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">176600<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">203500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">230400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M20<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">93100<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">122500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">154400<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">176400<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">225400<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">259700<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">294000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M22<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">115100<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">151500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">190900<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">218200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">278800<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">321200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">363600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M24<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">134100<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">176500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">222400<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">254200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">324800<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">374200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">423600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M27<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">174400<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">229500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">289200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">330500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">422300<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">486500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">550800<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M30<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">3.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">213200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">280500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">353400<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">403900<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">516100<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">594700<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">673200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M33<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">3.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">263700<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">347000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">437200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">499700<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">638500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">735600<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">832800<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M36<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">310500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">408500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">514700<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">588200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">751600<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">866000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">980400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M39<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">370900<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">488000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">614900<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">702700<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">897900<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">1035000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">1171000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">L\u01b0u \u00fd: T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 \u0111ai \u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #333; font-size: 1.5em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111ai \u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh theo thang Vickers (HV), Brinell (HB) v\u00e0 Rockwell (HRC), v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 18265.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc; padding-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e9p th\u1eed Vickers v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 98 N \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ai \u1ed1c; c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c nhau \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho D &gt; M16.<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"table-container\" style=\"overflow-x: auto; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 10px;\">Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng<\/h3>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\">Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">04<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">05<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">5<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">6<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">8<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">10<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">12<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">T\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">T\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">T\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">T\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">T\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">T\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">T\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M5 \u2264 D \u2264 M16<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"2\">\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">188<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">302<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">272<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">353<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">130<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">302<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">150<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">302<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">302<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">272<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">353<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">295<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">353<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M16 &lt; D \u2264 M39<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">188<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">302<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">272<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">353<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">146<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">302<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">170<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">302<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">233<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">353<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">272<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">353<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">272<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">353<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M5 \u2264 D \u2264 M16<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"2\">HB<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">179<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">287<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">259<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">336<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">124<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">287<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">143<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">287<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">190<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">287<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">259<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">336<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">280<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">336<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M16 &lt; D \u2264 M39<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">179<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">287<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">259<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">336<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">139<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">287<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">162<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">287<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">221<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">336<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">259<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">336<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">259<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">336<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M5 \u2264 D \u2264 M16<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"2\">HRC<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">30<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">26<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">36<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">30<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">30<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">30<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">26<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">36<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">29<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">36<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M16 &lt; D \u2264 M39<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">30<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">26<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">36<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">30<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">30<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">36<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">26<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">36<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">26<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">36<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">Ghi ch\u00fa: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111ai \u1ed1c ki\u1ec3u 2 lo\u1ea1i 8, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 180 HV (171 HB). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i 10 ki\u1ec3u 2, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 302 HV (287 HB, 30 HRC). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i 12 ki\u1ec3u 2, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 272 HV (259 HB, 26 HRC).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #333; font-size: 1.5em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a bu l\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">\u0110ai \u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng (0 m\u1ecfng, 1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, 2 cao) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bu l\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t ren ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gh\u00e9p c\u1eb7p:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc; padding-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111ai \u1ed1c m\u1ecfng (ki\u1ec3u 0) l\u00e0m \u0111ai \u1ed1c h\u00e3m v\u1edbi \u0111ai \u1ed1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c \u0111ai \u1ed1c cao, si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t \u0111ai \u1ed1c m\u1ecfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i \u0111ai \u1ed1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a bu l\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c si\u1ebft t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ren cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng gia c\u00f4ng tinh x\u1ea3o so v\u1edbi gia c\u00f4ng th\u00f4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"table-container\" style=\"overflow-x: auto; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 10px;\">C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u \u0111ai \u1ed1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a bu l\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">L\u1edbp t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">04<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">05<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">5<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">6<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">8<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">10<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">12<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Ki\u1ec3u 1 (Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M5\u2264D\u2264M39 \/ M8x1\u2264D\u2264M39x3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M5\u2264D\u2264M39 \/ M8x1\u2264D\u2264M39x3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M5\u2264D\u2264M39 \/ M8x1\u2264D\u2264M39x3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M5\u2264D\u2264M39 \/ M8x1\u2264D\u2264M16x1.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M5\u2264D\u2264M16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Ki\u1ec3u 2 (Cao)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M16\u2264D\u2264M39 \/ M8x1\u2264D\u2264M16x1.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M5\u2264D\u2264M39 \/ M8x1\u2264D\u2264M39x3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M5\u2264D\u2264M39 \/ M8x1\u2264D\u2264M16x1.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Ki\u1ec3u 0 (M\u1ecfng)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M5\u2264D\u2264M39 \/ M8x1\u2264D\u2264M39x3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M5\u2264D\u2264M39 \/ M8x1\u2264D\u2264M39x3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i bu l\u00f4ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">5.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">6.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">8.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">10.9<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">12.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #333; font-size: 1.5em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn g\u00e2y h\u1ecfng cho \u0111ai \u1ed1c, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ISO 898-2 v\u00e0 DIN 267-24, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m tham chi\u1ebfu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean \u0111ai \u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c bu l\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m l\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p, ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi ma s\u00e1t, ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m. \u0110\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bu l\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #333; font-size: 1.5em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: decimal; padding-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\"><strong>T\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ram nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111ai \u1ed1c cao c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n?<\/strong><br \/>\nN\u00f3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac mactenxit \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cao, theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3ng 3.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\"><strong>N\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111ai \u1ed1c m\u1ecfng (ki\u1ec3u 0) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m l\u1eafp r\u00e1p?<\/strong><br \/>\nL\u1eafp r\u00e1p nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111ai \u1ed1c h\u00e3m v\u1edbi \u0111ai \u1ed1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c \u0111ai \u1ed1c cao; si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t \u0111ai \u1ed1c m\u1ecfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft, sau \u0111\u00f3 si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t \u0111ai \u1ed1c ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb l\u1ecfng.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\"><strong>N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec sao?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y nguy c\u01a1 t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00f2n; c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong B\u1ea3ng 6 v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\"><strong>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i bu l\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1i \u0111a theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3; lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ef1c si\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu m\u1ecfi.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\"><strong>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111ai \u1ed1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c?<\/strong><br \/>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p trong M\u1ee5c 9 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 10\u00b0C-35\u00b0C; \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng d\u1ecdc tr\u1ee5c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xoay, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ren \u0103n kh\u1edbp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\"><strong>T\u1ea1i sao gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed1t pho v\u00e0 l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh l\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n?<\/strong><br \/>\nN\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i cao.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Article Outline This article offers a comprehensive exploration of the GB\/T 3098.2-2015 standard, structured for ease of reference and practical application in engineering contexts: Introduction: Overview and applicability of the standard. Materials: Chemical composition and heat treatment guidelines. Mechanical Properties: Proof load requirements. Hardness Requirements: Specified hardness values. Nut Styles and Bolt Matching: Compatibility with [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[220],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technical-documentation-and-references"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5723","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5723"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5723\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5726,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5723\/revisions\/5726"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5723"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5723"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5723"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}