{"id":5720,"date":"2025-12-24T02:34:04","date_gmt":"2025-12-24T02:34:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/?p=5720"},"modified":"2025-12-24T02:34:04","modified_gmt":"2025-12-24T02:34:04","slug":"gb-t-3098-1-2010-fasteners-mechanical-properties-bolts-screws-studs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/blog\/gb-t-3098-1-2010-fasteners-mechanical-properties-bolts-screws-studs\/","title":{"rendered":"Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3098.1-2010 T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt: Bu l\u00f4ng, v\u00edt, \u0111inh t\u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3098.1-2010<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 24px; margin-top: 40px;\">\u0110\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed5ng quan to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3098.1-2010, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a bu l\u00f4ng, v\u00edt v\u00e0 \u0111inh t\u00e1n l\u00e0m t\u1eeb th\u00e9p cacbon v\u00e0 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc; padding-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 30px;\">\n<li>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/li>\n<li>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p (FAQ)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 24px; margin-top: 40px;\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3098.1-2010 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a bu l\u00f4ng, v\u00edt v\u00e0 \u0111inh t\u00e1n l\u00e0m t\u1eeb th\u00e9p cacbon ho\u1eb7c th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 10 \u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 35 \u00b0C. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ren danh ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb 1,6 mm \u0111\u1ebfn 39 mm, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y, \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n. Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 898-1:2009, n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc; padding-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 30px;\">\n<li>Ph\u1ea1m vi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng: Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p cacbon v\u00e0 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u1eefng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng: Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 24px; margin-top: 40px;\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m, trong \u0111\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 b\u00ean tr\u00e1i bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o danh ngh\u0129a (R).<sub>m<\/sub>) t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng MPa chia cho 100, v\u00e0 b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ea3y d\u1ebbo nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi 10. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u201c8.8\u201d bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o 800 MPa v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ea3y d\u1ebbo l\u00e0 0.8.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh mong mu\u1ed1n. Th\u00e9p cacbon c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 boron, mangan ho\u1eb7c crom r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f4i t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-container\" style=\"overflow-x: auto; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<caption style=\"font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 10px;\">B\u1ea3ng 1: T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">Ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 sau d\u1ea5u th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">.6<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">.8<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">.9<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 8.8, h\u00e3y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u00e0 \u201c08.8\u201d.<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-container\" style=\"overflow-x: auto; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<caption style=\"font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 10px;\">B\u1ea3ng 2: Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"3\">L\u1edbp t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"3\">V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"5\">Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u1ed3i n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y %)<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"3\">Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u (\u00b0C)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\">C<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">P t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">S t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">B t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">ph\u00fat<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">4.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"5\">Th\u00e9p cacbon ho\u1eb7c th\u00e9p cacbon c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.55<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.05<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.06<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"5\">Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"5\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">4.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.55<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.05<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.06<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">5.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.13<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.55<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.05<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.06<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">5.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.55<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.05<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.06<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">6.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.15<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.55<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.05<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.06<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"3\">8.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">Th\u00e9p cacbon c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 gia (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: B, Mn, Cr) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ram.<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.15<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.025<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.025<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"3\">0.003<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"3\">425<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">Th\u00e9p cacbon t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ram<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.25<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.55<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.025<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.025<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">Th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ram<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.55<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.025<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.025<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<p><!-- Continue with other rows similarly, ensuring accuracy from source --><\/p>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"3\">9.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">Th\u00e9p cacbon c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 gia, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ram<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.15<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.025<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.025<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"3\">0.003<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"3\">425<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">Th\u00e9p cacbon t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ram<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.25<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.55<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.025<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.025<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">Th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ram<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.55<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.025<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.025<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"3\">10.9<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">Th\u00e9p cacbon c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 gia, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ram<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.20<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.55<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.025<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.025<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"3\">0.003<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"3\">425<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">Th\u00e9p cacbon t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ram<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.25<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.55<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.025<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.025<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">Th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ram<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.55<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.025<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.025<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">12.9<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">Th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ram<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.025<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.025<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.003<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">425<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">12.9<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">Th\u00e9p cacbon c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 gia, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ram<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.28<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.025<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.025<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.003<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">380<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">Ghi ch\u00fa:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: decimal; padding-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 30px;\">\n<li>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 tranh ch\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<li>H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng boron l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 0,005%, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi titan v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f4m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi boron kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i 4.6 v\u00e0 5.6, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u00e9p d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a S 0,34%, P 0,11%, Pb 0,35%.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p boron c\u00f3 C &lt; 0,25%, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Mn t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 0,6% \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i 8,8, 0,7% \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i 9,8 v\u00e0 10,9.<\/li>\n<li>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 mactenxit 90% \u1edf l\u00f5i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ee9a \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 sau: Cr 0,30%, Ni 0,30%, Mo 0,20%, V 0,10%.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1edbp photphua tr\u1eafng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lo\u1ea1i 12.9; c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i 12.9 c\u1ea7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng do nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ee9t \u0103n m\u00f2n do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 gi\u00f2n hydro.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 24px; margin-top: 40px;\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y, \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng va \u0111\u1eadp. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-container\" style=\"overflow-x: auto; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<caption style=\"font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 10px;\">B\u1ea3ng 3: T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a bu l\u00f4ng, \u1ed1c v\u00edt v\u00e0 \u0111inh t\u00e1n<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"3\">KH\u00d4NG.<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"3\" rowspan=\"3\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"10\">L\u1edbp t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"2\">4.6<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"2\">4.8<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"2\">5.6<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"2\">5.8<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"2\">6.8<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\">8.8<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"2\">9,8 (d\u226416 mm)<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"2\">10.9<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"2\">12.9<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">d\u226416 mm<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">d&gt;16 mm<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"2\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\">\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o R<sub>m<\/sub> (MPa)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">400<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">400<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">600<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">800<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">800<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">900<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">1000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">1200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">ph\u00fat<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">400<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">420<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">520<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">600<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">800<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">830<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">900<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">1040<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">1220<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<p><!-- Add remaining rows from source, ensuring all data is accurate --><\/p>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"2\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\">\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n R<sub>eL<\/sub> (MPa)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">240<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">300<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">ph\u00fat<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">240<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">300<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"2\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\">\u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 0,2% R<sub>p0.2<\/sub> (MPa)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">640<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">640<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">720<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">900<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">1080<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">ph\u00fat<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">640<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">660<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">720<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">940<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">1100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<p><!-- Complete the table with all rows from the source code, correcting any formatting --><\/p>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"2\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\">\u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 0,0048d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ed1t k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 R<sub>pf<\/sub> (MPa)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">320<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">400<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">480<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">ph\u00fat<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">340<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">420<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">480<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"2\">5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\">\u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9ng minh S<sub>P<\/sub> (MPa)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">225<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">310<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">280<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">380<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">440<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">580<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">600<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">650<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">830<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">970<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\">T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t th\u1eed<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.94<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.91<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.93<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.9<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.92<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.91<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.91<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.9<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.88<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.88<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">6<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\">\u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i sau khi g\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed gia c\u00f4ng A (%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">ph\u00fat<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">22<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">20<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">12<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">12<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">10<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">9<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">7<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\">Gi\u1ea3m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch sau khi g\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed gia c\u00f4ng Z (%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">ph\u00fat<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"5\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">52<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">52<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">48<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">48<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">44<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<p><!-- Continue adding rows for elongation, head soundness, hardness (Vickers, Brinell, Rockwell), surface hardness, decarburization, retempering, breaking torque, impact strength, surface discontinuities --><\/p>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">18<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"3\">S\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"9\">GB\/T 5779.1<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">GB\/T 5779.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">Ghi ch\u00fa:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: decimal; padding-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 30px;\">\n<li>C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft v\u00edt k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh d \u2265 M12.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb danh ngh\u0129a ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<li>R<sub>p0.2<\/sub> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu R<sub>eL<\/sub> Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n<li>R<sub>pf<\/sub> C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u cho 4.8, 5.8, 6.8 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra.<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong B\u1ea3ng 5 v\u00e0 7.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 30 HV so v\u1edbi l\u00f5i.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m va \u0111\u1eadp \u1edf -20 \u00b0C \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh d \u2265 16 mm.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n GB\/T 5779.3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng gi\u00fap x\u00e1c minh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 24px; margin-top: 40px;\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1eabu gia c\u00f4ng. C\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 kh\u1eed cacbon ho\u1eb7c gi\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc; padding-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 30px;\">\n<li>H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng; v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 10.9 cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i cao.<\/li>\n<li>Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o, t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n va \u0111\u1eadp theo k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1c v\u00edt m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm nh\u00fang n\u00f3ng, tham kh\u1ea3o ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 5267.3.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ea7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i 12.9 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt, n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady trong c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 24px; margin-top: 40px;\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p (FAQ)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"faq\" style=\"margin-top: 20px;\">\n<h3 style=\"font-size: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;\">K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 \u201c8.8\u201d c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o danh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 800 MPa v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 0,8, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u1ed1c v\u00edt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 boron gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng, cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng P v\u00e0 S \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n, theo gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong B\u1ea3ng 2.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;\">Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d \u2265 16 mm v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 27 J \u1edf -20 \u00b0C, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00e3y gi\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;\">Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed cacbon c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn ren?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">N\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n; ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u kh\u1eed cacbon ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 0,015 mm v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb kh\u1eed cacbon \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 898-1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb ISO 898-1:2009, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u trong c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 \u1ed1c v\u00edt.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px;\">Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0o \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m k\u00e9o, t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 k\u00e9o n\u00eam x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 m\u1eabu gia c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang h\u00e0nh vi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3098.1-2010 \u0110\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed5ng quan to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3098.1-2010, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a bu l\u00f4ng, v\u00edt v\u00e0 \u0111inh t\u00e1n l\u00e0m t\u1eeb th\u00e9p cacbon v\u00e0 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau: Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 V\u1eadt l\u00fd H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[220],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5720","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technical-documentation-and-references"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5720","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5720"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5720\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5722,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5720\/revisions\/5722"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5720"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5720"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5720"}],"curies":[{"name":"trang web","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}