{"id":5680,"date":"2025-12-23T05:31:17","date_gmt":"2025-12-23T05:31:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/?p=5680"},"modified":"2025-12-23T05:33:04","modified_gmt":"2025-12-23T05:33:04","slug":"gb-t-3098-17-2000-fastener-hydrogen-embrittlement-test-parallel-method","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/blog\/gb-t-3098-17-2000-fastener-hydrogen-embrittlement-test-parallel-method\/","title":{"rendered":"GB\/T 3098.17-2000 Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m gi\u00f2n hydro c\u1ee7a \u1ed1c v\u00edt \u2013 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p song song"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3098.17-2000<\/h2>\n
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Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3098.17-2000 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed t\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c song song \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n hydro trong c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a hydro v\u00e0o. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n hydro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t, g\u00e2y ra r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4, h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p trong m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c g\u00e3y theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt kh\u00e1c nhau, quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m chi ti\u1ebft bao g\u1ed3m b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng \u1ed1c v\u00edt \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt do hydro g\u00e2y ra. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c song song \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. C\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 ngo\u1ea1i lai.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n do hydro bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hydro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 kim lo\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 g\u00e3y gi\u00f2n. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ee9t ch\u1eadm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong v\u00f2ng 24 gi\u1edd sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp. Nh\u00ecn chung, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 ISO 15330.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 si\u1ebft m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn (gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf m\u1ee9c 0,33 s\u207b\u00b9 ho\u1eb7c 20 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat) v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u00edt ng\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00edt kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao, lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb gi\u00f2n h\u01a1n. Ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i sau khi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0129 m\u00f4, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n trong ng\u00e0nh, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t si\u00eau nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lan r\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. (S\u1ed1 t\u1eeb: 458)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h2>\n

C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t cho c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p trong khi m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n hydro. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng, v\u00edt v\u00e0 \u0111inh t\u00e1n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m bao g\u1ed3m hai t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p c\u1ee9ng song song c\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 45 HRC, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0i nh\u1eb5n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m Ra \u2264 8 \u03bcm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u2265 1d (trong \u0111\u00f3 d l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ren danh ngh\u0129a). \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1ed7 tu\u00e2n theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 5277 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 L \u2265 3d.<\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 1d chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ren kh\u00f4ng \u0103n kh\u1edbp ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 5 ren ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh nh\u00f4 ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111ai \u1ed1c. C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p m\u00e0i b\u1ed5 sung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c \u0111ai \u1ed1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o t\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111inh t\u00e1n, \u0111ai \u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ren m\u1ecbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \"\u0111\u1ea7u\" v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng tay v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u ren. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00edt ng\u1eafn (L < 2,5d), m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m \u0111\u01a1n c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 ren s\u1eb5n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m ph\u00eda tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c ph\u1eb3ng, nh\u01b0 \u1ed1c v\u00edt ch\u00ecm ho\u1eb7c \u1ed1c v\u00edt m\u00f3c, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00f3 r\u00e3nh ch\u00ecm th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1c. \u1ed0c v\u00edt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f9n, t\u1ef1 ren v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 khoan s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 ren s\u1eb5n, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3098.7, 3098.5 ho\u1eb7c 3098.11 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1ea5m \u2265 1d, v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1ed7 dh th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n d < dh \u2264 1,1d. M\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng 300 HV b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1c v\u00edt.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ren d\u00e0i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ren tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng v\u00edt th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong l\u1ed7 tr\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, gi\u1ea3m m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn sau khi t\u1ea1o ren m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n k\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m v\u00edt v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1 t\u1eeb bu l\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 ren. \u0110ai \u1ed1c, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t b\u00edch, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 bu l\u00f4ng, v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u00ean th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m l\u00f2 xo v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m kh\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m theo ch\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t bu l\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n (\u2265 40 HRC), si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ecb b\u1eb9p. V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m kh\u00f3a h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m theo c\u1eb7p.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i do gi\u00f2n h\u00f3a g\u00e2y ra. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t do b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng, n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu<\/h2>\n

L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3098.17-2000 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00f4 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. \u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. M\u1ed7i l\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n hydro m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n k\u00ednh ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, t\u1eadp trung th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00f2n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eabu ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro; c\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ec3 bao ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea nh\u01b0 trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 2828.1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro cao, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 100% c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m theo l\u00f4. Vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u00fd do l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 n\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a, gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m; s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n. L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u sai l\u1ec7ch, trong khi l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u1edf r\u00eca l\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t. Sau khi l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eafn v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam ngu\u1ed3n hydro. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u00edch h\u1ee3p vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h2>\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3098.17-2000 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gi\u00f2n hydro. Vi\u1ec7c b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n bu l\u00f4ng, v\u00edt, \u0111inh t\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111ai \u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m gi\u00fap t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p bao g\u1ed3m d\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng k\u00e9o cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n do nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e3y v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t; n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m ch\u1eafn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 si\u1ebft t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 0,33 s\u207b\u00b9 (20 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng, \u1ed1c v\u00edt, \u0111inh t\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111ai \u1ed1c, c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea3y b\u1eb1ng c\u1edd l\u00ea l\u1ef1c. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea3y th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110ai \u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c bu l\u00f4ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00f4, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. L\u1eafp 5 m\u1eabu l\u00ean t\u1ea5m th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111ai \u1ed1c sao cho ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n
  2. Si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea3y ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, ghi l\u1ea1i m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi.<\/li>\n
  3. N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea1m vi < 15% so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, h\u00e3y si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y ri\u00eang l\u1ebb.<\/li>\n
  4. Si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t theo l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00edt t\u1ef1 ren, si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t 5 m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u g\u00e2y h\u1ecfng l\u00e0 90%. Quy tr\u00ecnh: L\u1eafp v\u00e0o cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00edt kh\u1edbp, si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ecfng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 0,9 \u00d7 m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0m m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn th\u1eed n\u1ebfu ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u2264 15%; l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m, l\u1eafp v\u00e0o bu l\u00f4ng, si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ecb b\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi \u1ed1c v\u00edt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7, v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong v\u00f2ng 24 gi\u1edd sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y; s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. Th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 48 gi\u1edd, si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i sau m\u1ed7i 24 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn ban \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 hao h\u1ee5t n\u00e0o >50%, h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i. Si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i sau khi n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng 1\/2 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t \u0103n kh\u1edbp ren.<\/p>\n

    Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, cho ph\u00e9p hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n h\u00f3a theo th\u1eddi gian bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong \u0111o m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 reproducible (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h2>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sau th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m bao g\u1ed3m ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n k\u00ednh ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c g\u00e3y. C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0129 m\u00f4 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 gi\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n an to\u00e0n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m; b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. C\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00f2n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ee9t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p luy\u1ec7n kim n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, trong khi c\u00e1c l\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i n\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean r\u1ee7i ro c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n. B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y kh\u00e9p k\u00edn chu tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a \u1ed1c v\u00edt.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    B\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h2>\n

    B\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tham chi\u1ebfu: GB\/T 3098.17<\/li>\n
    • Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ebb<\/li>\n
    • S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ed1c v\u00edt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra<\/li>\n
    • Chi ti\u1ebft quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra<\/li>\n
    • T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i<\/li>\n
    • Th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ec3m tra<\/li>\n
    • Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra so s\u00e1nh (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3)<\/li>\n
    • L\u1ed7i trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00ednh<\/li>\n
    • Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      C\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p. H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 chi ti\u1ebft cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn. \u200b\u200b\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/th>\nS\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      S\u1ed1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/td>\nGB\/T 3098.17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      S\u1ed1 l\u00f4<\/td>\nM\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t cho l\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m<\/td>\nS\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ed1c v\u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c<\/td>\nC\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, bao g\u1ed3m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i<\/td>\nTh\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian<\/td>\nT\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi gian ki\u1ec3m tra, t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 48 gi\u1edd.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i so s\u00e1nh<\/td>\nS\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1ng ph\u1ee7, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh<\/td>\nS\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t trong c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian<\/td>\nTh\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m (t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng gi\u1edd)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n

      C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n

      1. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c song song trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3098.17-2000 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n

      Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n hydro b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t song song, m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t ch\u1eadm trong c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

      2. T\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng?<\/h3>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong v\u00f2ng 24 gi\u1edd s\u1ebd t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y, v\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n hydro v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1edbm; s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 gi\u00f2n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

      3. C\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n?<\/h3>\n

      \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00edt ch\u00ecm, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5m tr\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00ecm; \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t, duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

      4. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 15% trong c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m s\u01a1 b\u1ed9?<\/h3>\n

      H\u00e3y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu theo \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea3y ri\u00eang l\u1ebb thay v\u00ec l\u1ea5y trung b\u00ecnh; s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

      5. Vi\u1ec7c b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n

      N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ma s\u00e1t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cao h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady; s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u.<\/p>\n

      6. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i?<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c g\u00e3y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i sau khi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m; nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y gi\u00f2n nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea9y axit ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

       <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Introduction of the GB\/T 3098.17-2000 Standard The GB\/T 3098.17-2000 standard specifies the preloading test method using parallel bearing surfaces to detect hydrogen embrittlement in fasteners. This method is crucial for ensuring the mechanical integrity of fasteners, particularly those subjected to electroplating or other processes that may introduce hydrogen. Hydrogen embrittlement can lead to sudden failures […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[220],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5680","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technical-documentation-and-references"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5680","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5680"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5680\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5684,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5680\/revisions\/5684"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5680"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5680"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5680"}],"curies":[{"name":"trang web","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}