{"id":5658,"date":"2025-12-23T03:48:38","date_gmt":"2025-12-23T03:48:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/?p=5658"},"modified":"2025-12-23T03:48:38","modified_gmt":"2025-12-23T03:48:38","slug":"gb-t-3098-24-2020-high-temp-ss-ni-alloy-fasteners","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/blog\/gb-t-3098-24-2020-high-temp-ss-ni-alloy-fasteners\/","title":{"rendered":"GB\/T 3098.24-2020: \u1ed0c v\u00edt h\u1ee3p kim SS & Ni ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3098.24-2020<\/h2>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3098.24-2020 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a bu l\u00f4ng, v\u00edt, \u0111inh t\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111ai \u1ed1c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim niken d\u00f9ng cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3098 r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 mactenxit, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim niken, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i bu l\u00f4ng v\u1edbi \u0111ai \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 k\u1eb9t ho\u1eb7c \u0103n m\u00f2n. Vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t, oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ISO 3506, cung c\u1ea5p khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1c v\u00edt. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u1ee3p kim niken nh\u01b0 h\u1ee3p kim 718 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, trong khi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim mactenxit cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p kim niken theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3098.25.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t-bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh (10\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 35\u00b0C) nh\u01b0ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb th\u00eam c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 mong mu\u1ed1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 mactenxit \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c austenit \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo. Nh\u00ecn chung, GB\/T 3098.24-2020 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1eb9t d\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim niken do \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t cao. Vi\u1ec7c b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn-l\u1ef1c c\u0103ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

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K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi<\/h2>\n

C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u sau \u0111\u00e2y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p. Nh\u1eefng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 l\u1eadp \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • M\u1ed8T<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf sau khi g\u00e3y c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed1t bu\u1ed9c, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng milim\u00e9t (mm).<\/li>\n
  • M\u1ed8Ts,nom<\/sub><\/strong>: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang c\u1ee7a ren ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t danh ngh\u0129a, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng milim\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng (mm\u00b2).<\/li>\n
  • M\u1ed8TT<\/sub><\/strong>: \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao sau khi g\u00e3y c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng milim\u00e9t (mm).<\/li>\n
  • b<\/strong>Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ren, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng milim\u00e9t (mm).<\/li>\n
  • D<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ren trong, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng milim\u00e9t (mm).<\/li>\n
  • D2<\/sub><\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ren c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ren trong, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng milim\u00e9t (mm).<\/li>\n
  • d<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ren ngo\u00e0i, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng milim\u00e9t (mm).<\/li>\n
  • dh<\/sub><\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1eed t\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c \u0111ai \u1ed1c cho c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p c\u00f3 ren ngo\u00e0i, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng milim\u00e9t (mm).<\/li>\n
  • dS<\/sub><\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh tr\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n ren, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng milim\u00e9t (mm).<\/li>\n
  • d1<\/sub><\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ren ngo\u00e0i, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng milim\u00e9t (mm).<\/li>\n
  • d2<\/sub><\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ren c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ren ngo\u00e0i, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng milim\u00e9t (mm).<\/li>\n
  • d3<\/sub><\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ren ngo\u00e0i (\u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c), t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng milim\u00e9t (mm).<\/li>\n
  • Fmf<\/sub><\/strong>: L\u1ef1c k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i \u0111a, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng newton (N).<\/li>\n
  • Fmf,T<\/sub><\/strong>: T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng newton (N).<\/li>\n
  • Fn,T<\/sub><\/strong>: L\u1ef1c ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111ai \u1ed1c, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng Newton (N).<\/li>\n
  • FP<\/sub><\/strong>: T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0111ai \u1ed1c, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng Newton (N).<\/li>\n
  • Fpf<\/sub><\/strong>: L\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u1ebbo 0,2% c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed1t, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng newton (N).<\/li>\n
  • Fpf,T<\/sub><\/strong>: T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i d\u1ebbo 0,2% c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed1t, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng newton (N).<\/li>\n
  • H<\/strong>: Chi\u1ec1u cao ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tam gi\u00e1c ren, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng milim\u00e9t (mm).<\/li>\n
  • h<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0111ai \u1ed1c th\u1eed t\u1ea3i, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng milim\u00e9t (mm).<\/li>\n
  • L0<\/sub><\/strong>: T\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng milim\u00e9t (mm).<\/li>\n
  • L1<\/sub><\/strong>: T\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed1t sau khi b\u1ecb g\u00e3y, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng milim\u00e9t (mm).<\/li>\n
  • L2<\/sub><\/strong>Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i k\u1eb9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m k\u00e9o, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng milim\u00e9t (mm).<\/li>\n
  • l<\/strong>: Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u1ed1c v\u00edt c\u00f3 ren ngo\u00e0i, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng milim\u00e9t (mm).<\/li>\n
  • l1<\/sub><\/strong>: T\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111inh t\u00e1n, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng milim\u00e9t (mm).<\/li>\n
  • lth<\/sub><\/strong>: Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n ren ch\u01b0a \u0103n kh\u1edbp trong d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m cho \u1ed1c v\u00edt, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng milim\u00e9t (mm).<\/li>\n
  • m<\/strong>Chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a \u0111ai \u1ed1c, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng milim\u00e9t (mm).<\/li>\n
  • P<\/strong>: B\u01b0\u1edbc ren, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng milim\u00e9t (mm).<\/li>\n
  • Rmf<\/sub><\/strong>: C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00e9o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u1ed1c v\u00edt, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng megapascal (MPa).<\/li>\n
  • Rmf,T<\/sub><\/strong>: \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a \u1ed1c v\u00edt, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng megapascal (MPa).<\/li>\n
  • Rn,T<\/sub><\/strong>: \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ee9t t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a \u0111ai \u1ed1c, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng megapascal (MPa).<\/li>\n
  • Rpf<\/sub><\/strong>: \u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e3n n\u1edf d\u1ebbo 0,2% c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng megapascal (MPa).<\/li>\n
  • Rpf,T<\/sub><\/strong>: \u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u1ebbo 0,2% c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng megapascal (MPa).<\/li>\n
  • SP<\/sub><\/strong>: \u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng megapascal (MPa).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o (R).mf<\/sub> = Fmf<\/sub> \/ M\u1ed8Ts,nom<\/sub>) v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c. Ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 Rmf,T<\/sub> v\u00e0 Fpf,T<\/sub> C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3u sai, n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

    Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n li\u00ean quan, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 d v\u00e0 P \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ren v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u00f9ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t danh ngh\u0129a As,nom<\/sub> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d2<\/sub> v\u00e0 d3<\/sub>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c c\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u<\/h2>\n

    T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim niken \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c ba lo\u1ea1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t: th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 mactenxit (CH0, CH1, CH2, V, VH, VW), th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a (SD) v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim niken (SB v\u00e0 718). H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c m\u00e1c th\u00e9p mactenxit nh\u01b0 CH0 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: X20Cr13) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng th\u00f4ng qua x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n t\u1ed1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i. C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u V, VH v\u00e0 VW bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ch\u1ea3y kh\u00e1c nhau, trong \u0111\u00f3 VH y\u00eau c\u1ea7u R.pf<\/sub> \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o \u2265 700 MPa cho hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u00e2ng cao. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u SD ki\u1ec3u Austenit bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a nh\u01b0 X6NiCrTiMoVB25-15-2, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 650\u00b0C. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim niken SB (NiCr20TiAl) v\u00e0 718 (NiCr19NbMo) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 800\u00b0C v\u00e0 700\u00b0C.<\/p>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch trong c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m l\u1eafp r\u00e1p, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u201cLu\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: SD Lu) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1c v\u00edt.<\/p>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u chi ti\u1ebft bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: +QT cho t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ram), v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c minh nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra. \u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tuabin.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n

    Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n

    B\u1ea3ng 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim niken \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt. C\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c A. Tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c, nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ebd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3098.25 \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ee3p kim ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (%), v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i \u0111a tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

    \n

    B\u1ea3ng 1: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 mactenxit d\u00f9ng cho \u1ed1c v\u00edt<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Danh m\u1ee5c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/th>\nM\u00e3 s\u1ed1 \u1ed1c v\u00edt<\/th>\nV\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISOM\u1ed9t<\/sup><\/th>\nTh\u00f4ng tin tham kh\u1ea3ob<\/sup><\/th>\nTh\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng)\/%<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    M\u00e3 s\u1ed1<\/th>\nC<\/th>\nSi<\/th>\nMn<\/th>\nP<\/th>\nS<\/th>\nCr<\/th>\nMo<\/th>\nNi<\/th>\nS\u1eaft<\/th>\nC\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Martensitic<\/td>\nCH0<\/td>\nX20Cr13<\/td>\n4021-420-00-1<\/td>\n0.16~0.25<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1.5<\/td>\n0.04<\/td>\n0.030c<\/sup><\/td>\n12.0~14.0<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\nS\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    X20Cr13<\/td>\n1.4021*<\/td>\n0.16~0.25<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1.5<\/td>\n0.04<\/td>\n0.030c<\/sup><\/td>\n12.0~14.0<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CH1<\/td>\nX30Cr13<\/td>\n4028-420-00-1<\/td>\n0.26~0.35<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1.5<\/td>\n0.04<\/td>\n0.030c<\/sup><\/td>\n12.0~14.0<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    X30Cr13<\/td>\n1.4028*<\/td>\n0.26~0.35<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1.5<\/td>\n0.04<\/td>\n0.030c<\/sup><\/td>\n12.0~14.0<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CH2<\/td>\nX17CrNi16-2<\/td>\n4057-431-00-X<\/td>\n0.12~0.22<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1.5<\/td>\n0.04<\/td>\n0.03<\/td>\n15.0~17.0<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n1.50~2.50<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    X17CrNi16-2<\/td>\n1.4057*<\/td>\n0.12~0.22<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1.5<\/td>\n0.04<\/td>\n0.03<\/td>\n15.0~17.0<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n1.50~2.50<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    V\/VHd<\/sup><\/td>\nX22CrMoV12-1<\/td>\n4923-422-77-E<\/td>\n0.18~0.24<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n0.40~0.90<\/td>\n0.025<\/td>\n0.015<\/td>\n11.0~12.5<\/td>\n0.80~1.20<\/td>\n0.30~0.80<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    X22CrMoV12-1<\/td>\n1.4923**<\/td>\n0.18~0.24<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n0.40~0.90<\/td>\n0.025<\/td>\n0.015<\/td>\n11.0~12.5<\/td>\n0.80~1.20<\/td>\n0.30~0.80<\/td>\nV:0.25~0.35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    VW<\/td>\nX19CrMoNbVN11-1<\/td>\n1.4913***<\/td>\n0.17~0.23<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n0.40~0.90<\/td>\n0.025<\/td>\n0.015<\/td>\n10.0~11.5<\/td>\n0.50~0.80<\/td>\n0.20~0.60<\/td>\nV:0.10~0.30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Nb:0,25~0,55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    B:0.0015<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Al:0.020<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    N:0,05~0,10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    L\u01b0u \u00fd: C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i \u0111a tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. M\u1ed9t<\/sup> Theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO\/TS 4949. b<\/sup> * theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n EN 10088-3; *** theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n EN 10269; c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 15510. c<\/sup> H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh trong kho\u1ea3ng 0,015%~0,030% gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng. d<\/sup> V cho Rpf<\/sub> \u2265600 MPa, VH cho \u2265700 MPa.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    B\u1ea3ng 2: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Austenit t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a d\u00f9ng cho \u1ed1c v\u00edt<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Danh m\u1ee5c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/th>\nM\u00e3 s\u1ed1 \u1ed1c v\u00edt<\/th>\nV\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISOM\u1ed9t<\/sup><\/th>\nTh\u00f4ng tin tham kh\u1ea3ob<\/sup><\/th>\nTh\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng)\/%<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    C<\/th>\nSi<\/th>\nMn<\/th>\nP<\/th>\nS<\/th>\nCr<\/th>\nMo<\/th>\nNi<\/th>\nS\u1eaft<\/th>\nC\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Austenit<\/td>\nSDd<\/sup><\/td>\nX6NiCrTiMoVB25-15-2<\/td>\n4980-662-86-X<\/td>\n0.08c<\/sup><\/td>\n1<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n0.04<\/td>\n0.03<\/td>\n13.5~16.0<\/td>\n1.00~1.50<\/td>\n24.0~27.0<\/td>\nS\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/td>\nTi: 1,90~2,35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Al:0,35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    V:0.10~0.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    B:0,001~0,010<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    X6NiCrTiMoVB25-15-2<\/td>\n1.4980***<\/td>\n0.03~0.08<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1.00~2.00<\/td>\n0.025<\/td>\n0.015<\/td>\n13.5~16.0<\/td>\n1.00~1.50<\/td>\n24.0~27.0<\/td>\nTi: 1,90~2,35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Al:0,35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    V:0.10~0.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    B:0,001~0,010<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    X6NiCrTiMoVB25-15-2<\/td>\nH\u1ee3p kim 660 S66286**<\/td>\n0.08c<\/sup><\/td>\n1<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n0.04<\/td>\n0.03<\/td>\n13.5~16.0<\/td>\n1.00~1.50<\/td>\n24.0~27.0<\/td>\nTi: 1,90~2,35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Al:0,35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    V:0.10~0.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    B:0,001~0,010<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    L\u01b0u \u00fd: C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i \u0111a tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. M\u1ed9t<\/sup> Theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO\/TS 4949. b<\/sup> ** theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n UNS; *** theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n EN 10269; c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 15510. c<\/sup> M\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u C d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. d<\/sup> N\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nung ch\u1ea3y th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    B\u1ea3ng 3: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim niken d\u00f9ng cho \u1ed1c v\u00edt<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Danh m\u1ee5c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/th>\nM\u00e3 s\u1ed1 \u1ed1c v\u00edt<\/th>\nV\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISOM\u1ed9t<\/sup><\/th>\nTh\u00f4ng tin tham kh\u1ea3ob<\/sup><\/th>\nTh\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng)\/%<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    C<\/th>\nSi<\/th>\nMn<\/th>\nP<\/th>\nS<\/th>\nCr<\/th>\nMo<\/th>\nNi<\/th>\nS\u1eaft<\/th>\nC\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    H\u1ee3p kim Niken<\/td>\nSBd<\/sup><\/td>\nNiCr20TiAl<\/td>\nH\u1ee3p kim 80A N07080**<\/td>\n0.10c<\/sup><\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n0.045<\/td>\n0.015<\/td>\n18.0~21.0<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\nS\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/td>\n3<\/td>\nTi:1,80~2,7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Al: 1.0~1.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Co:2.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Cu:0,2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    B:0.008<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    NiCr20TiAl<\/td>\n2.4952***<\/td>\n0.04~0.10c<\/sup><\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n0.02<\/td>\n0.015<\/td>\n18.0~21.0<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n\u226565,0<\/td>\n1.5<\/td>\nTi:1,80~2,7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Al: 1.0~1.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Co:1.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Cu:0,2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    B:0.008<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    718d<\/sup><\/td>\nNiCr19NbMo<\/td>\nH\u1ee3p kim 718 N07718**<\/td>\n0.08c<\/sup><\/td>\n0.35<\/td>\n0.35<\/td>\n0.015<\/td>\n0.015<\/td>\n17.0~21.0<\/td>\n2.80~3.30<\/td>\n50.0~55.0<\/td>\nS\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/td>\nNb:4.75~5.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ti:0,65~1,15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Al:0,2~0,8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Co:1.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Cu:0,3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    B:0.006<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    NiCr19NbMo<\/td>\n2.4668**<\/td>\n0.02~0.08c<\/sup><\/td>\n0.35<\/td>\n0.35<\/td>\n0.015<\/td>\n0.015<\/td>\n17.0~21.0<\/td>\n2.80~3.30<\/td>\n50.0~55.0<\/td>\nNb:4.75~5.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ti: 0,60~1,20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Al:0,3~0,7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Co:1.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Cu:0,3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    B:0,002~0,006<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    L\u01b0u \u00fd: C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i \u0111a tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. M\u1ed9t<\/sup> Theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO\/TS 4949. b<\/sup> ** theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n UNS; *** theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n EN 10269. c<\/sup> M\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u C d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. d<\/sup> N\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nung ch\u1ea3y th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Cr cao trong th\u00e9p mactenxit gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a, trong khi Nb trong h\u1ee3p kim 718 gi\u00fap \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00e3o. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 P v\u00e0 S gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c minh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft trong B\u1ea3ng 4, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f4i t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u cho th\u00e9p mactenxit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd do nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

    Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi SD, SB v\u00e0 718, c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd dung d\u1ecbch (AT), t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sau khi t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ren ngo\u00e0i c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao (R)mf<\/sub> V\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u22651100 MPa, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t (AT) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 theo th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c r\u00e8n n\u00f3ng, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t di\u1ec5n ra sau khi t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ren c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

    \n

    B\u1ea3ng 4: Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho \u1ed1c v\u00edt<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    M\u00e3 s\u1ed1 \u1ed1c v\u00edt<\/th>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t<\/th>\nNhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i\/x\u1eed l\u00fd dung d\u1ecbch (v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef) \u00b0C<\/th>\nNhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f4i\/l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a (v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef) \u00b0C<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    CH0<\/td>\n+QT<\/td>\n950~1050<\/td>\n\u2265450M\u1ed9t<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CH1<\/td>\n+QT<\/td>\n950~1050<\/td>\n\u2265450M\u1ed9t<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CH2<\/td>\n+QT<\/td>\n950~1050<\/td>\n\u2265450M\u1ed9t<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    V<\/td>\n+QT<\/td>\n1020~1070<\/td>\n\u2265680<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    VH<\/td>\n+QT<\/td>\n1020~1070<\/td>\n\u2265660<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    VW<\/td>\n+QT<\/td>\n1100~1130<\/td>\n\u2265670<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SD<\/td>\n+AT+P<\/td>\n970~990 (\u22651 gi\u1edd)<\/td>\n710~730 (\u226516 gi\u1edd)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    890~910 (\u22651 gi\u1edd)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SB<\/td>\n+AT+P<\/td>\n1050~1080<\/td>\nB\u01b0\u1edbc 1: 840~860 (\u226524 gi\u1edd)
    \nB\u01b0\u1edbc 2: 690~710 (\u226516 gi\u1edd)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    718<\/td>\n+AT+P<\/td>\n940~1010<\/td>\nB\u01b0\u1edbc 1: 710~730 (\u22658 gi\u1edd)
    \nB\u01b0\u1edbc 2: 610~630 (\u226518 gi\u1edd)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    QT: T\u00f4i v\u00e0 ram; AT: X\u1eed l\u00fd dung d\u1ecbch (\u1ee7); P: L\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. M\u1ed9t<\/sup> Tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 500\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 600\u00b0C \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t (xem Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c B).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t mong mu\u1ed1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng th\u00e9p mactenxit ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u00e1c pha trong h\u1ee3p kim niken \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n. X\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i theo d\u00f5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra sau x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n

    Tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng. N\u00ean b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1eb9t ren trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ef1c momen xo\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 k\u1eb9t ren bao g\u1ed3m h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng ren v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c si\u1ebft qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

    L\u01b0u \u00fd 1: C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t cao l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n. L\u01b0u \u00fd 2: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c l\u1ef1c si\u1ebft m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c c\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u201cLu\u201d (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: SD Lu). C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t theo th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. \u0110\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf oxit, trong khi b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p do nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gh\u00e9p c\u1eb7p bu l\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111ai \u1ed1c<\/h3>\n

    Bu l\u00f4ng, \u1ed1c v\u00edt, \u0111inh t\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111ai \u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p c\u1eb7p theo B\u1ea3ng 5. \u0110ai \u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u00e3 s\u1ed1 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: bu l\u00f4ng CH0 v\u1edbi \u0111ai \u1ed1c CH0). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau n\u1ebfu tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bchuy\u00ean gia, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 k\u1eb9t.<\/p>\n

    Khi c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1eb9p c\u00f3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u1ed1c v\u00edt, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch ly \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

    \n

    B\u1ea3ng 5: C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p bu l\u00f4ng, \u1ed1c v\u00edt, \u0111inh t\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111ai \u1ed1c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Bu l\u00f4ng, \u1ed1c v\u00edt, \u0111inh t\u00e1n<\/th>\nC\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    CH0<\/th>\nCH1<\/th>\nCH2<\/th>\nV, VH, VW<\/th>\nSD<\/th>\nSB<\/th>\n718<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    CH0<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CH1<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\nC\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CH2<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    V, VH, VW<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SD<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SB<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    718<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c gh\u00e9p c\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9t d\u00e2y. Tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bchuy\u00ean gia l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p d\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. SD, SB v\u00e0 718 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n do \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p kim h\u00f3a, trong \u0111\u00f3 Cr t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c oxit b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n

    Trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 tua bin kh\u00ed, nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u01b0\u1edbi chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng do m\u1ecfi ho\u1eb7c gi\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ed1c v\u00edt<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh trong Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 10\u00b0C~35\u00b0C. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb trong B\u1ea3ng 6, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m k\u00e9o, r\u00e3o ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e3n n\u1edf \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao theo Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 10, m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

    \n

    B\u1ea3ng 6: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho \u1ed1c v\u00edt<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    M\u00e3 s\u1ed1 \u1ed1c v\u00edt<\/th>\nNhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u00b0C<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    CH0<\/td>\n400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CH1<\/td>\n400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CH2<\/td>\n450<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    V<\/td>\n600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    VH<\/td>\n600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    VW<\/td>\n600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SD<\/td>\n650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SB<\/td>\n800<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    718<\/td>\n700<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    C\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u1ed1c v\u00edt<\/h2>\n

    Bu l\u00f4ng, \u1ed1c v\u00edt v\u00e0 \u0111inh t\u00e1n<\/h3>\n

    Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra theo Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 9, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng B\u1ea3ng 7-11, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

    \n

    B\u1ea3ng 7: T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a bu l\u00f4ng, \u1ed1c v\u00edt v\u00e0 \u0111inh t\u00e1n<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    M\u00e3 s\u1ed1 \u1ed1c v\u00edt<\/th>\n\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u Rmf<\/sub> \/ MPa<\/th>\n\u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i 0,2% \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf d\u1ebbo Rpf<\/sub> \/ MPa<\/th>\n\u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u sau khi g\u00e3y A \/ mm<\/th>\n\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng HV (F\u226598N)<\/th>\n\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng HRC<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    CH0<\/td>\n800<\/td>\n600<\/td>\n0,20 ng\u00e0y<\/td>\n250~320<\/td>\n22~32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CH1<\/td>\n850<\/td>\n650<\/td>\n0,20 ng\u00e0y<\/td>\n270~380<\/td>\n26~39<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CH2<\/td>\n860<\/td>\n690<\/td>\n0,20 ng\u00e0y<\/td>\n260~320<\/td>\n25~32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    V<\/td>\n800<\/td>\n600<\/td>\n0,20 ng\u00e0y<\/td>\n250~320<\/td>\n22~32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    VH<\/td>\n900<\/td>\n700<\/td>\n0,20 ng\u00e0y<\/td>\n280~360<\/td>\n28~38<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    VW<\/td>\n900<\/td>\n750<\/td>\n0,20 ng\u00e0y<\/td>\n280~360<\/td>\n28~38<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SD<\/td>\n900<\/td>\n600<\/td>\n0,25 ng\u00e0y<\/td>\n250~360<\/td>\n22~38<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SB<\/td>\n1000<\/td>\n600<\/td>\n0,20 ng\u00e0y<\/td>\n320~410<\/td>\n32~42<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    718<\/td>\n1230<\/td>\n1030<\/td>\n0,20 ng\u00e0y<\/td>\n345~480<\/td>\n36~48<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
    \n

    B\u1ea3ng 8: T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 S\u1ee3i th\u00f4<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ren d<\/th>\nV\u00f9ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t danh ngh\u0129a As,nom<\/sub> mm\u00b2<\/th>\nT\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u Fmf<\/sub> N<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    CH0<\/th>\nCH1<\/th>\nCH2<\/th>\nV<\/th>\nVH<\/th>\nVW<\/th>\nSD<\/th>\nSB<\/th>\n718<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    M3<\/td>\n5.03<\/td>\n4030<\/td>\n4280<\/td>\n4330<\/td>\n4030<\/td>\n4530<\/td>\n4530<\/td>\n4530<\/td>\n5040<\/td>\n6190<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    <\/p>\n

    M39<\/td>\n976<\/td>\n780700<\/td>\n829400<\/td>\n839200<\/td>\n780700<\/td>\n878200<\/td>\n878200<\/td>\n878200<\/td>\n975800<\/td>\n1200200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Fmf, ph\u00fat<\/sub> = As,nom<\/sub> \u00d7 Rmf, ph\u00fat<\/sub>C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng k\u00e9o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, R caomf<\/sub> Trong d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m 718, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1eaft khe. C\u00e1c d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111ai \u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n th\u00e1o r\u1eddi \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a bu l\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m l\u1eafp r\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h2>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra theo Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 9 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi R.mf<\/sub> v\u00e0 Rpf<\/sub>C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao theo Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 10 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00e3o v\u00e0 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n
    \nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt l\u00e0m t\u1eeb h\u1ee3p kim 718?<\/summary>\n

    X\u1eed l\u00fd dung d\u1ecbch \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 940~1010\u00b0C, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a hai b\u01b0\u1edbc: 710~730\u00b0C trong \u22658 gi\u1edd, sau \u0111\u00f3 610~630\u00b0C trong \u226518 gi\u1edd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

    \nL\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1eb9t c\u1ee9ng \u1edf c\u00e1c \u1ed1c v\u00edt b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9?<\/summary>\n

    B\u00f4i tr\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ren \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. \u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef \u201cLu\u201d cho c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

    \nNhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p mactenxit l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/summary>\n

    CH0 v\u00e0 CH1: 400\u00b0C; CH2: 450\u00b0C; V, VH, VW: 600\u00b0C. V\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

    \nC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gh\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u00e3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau cho bu l\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111ai \u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/summary>\n

    \u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, theo B\u1ea3ng 5, nh\u01b0ng n\u00ean tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bchuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

    \nT\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p kim SD v\u00e0 niken?<\/summary>\n

    N\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

    \nDi\u1ec7n t\u00edch ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t danh ngh\u0129a A l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?s,nom<\/sub> \u0110\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n?<\/summary>\n

    S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc r\u0103ng d2<\/sub> v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf d3<\/sub>Theo m\u1ee5c 9.1.5 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n

     <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Introduction to the GB\/T 3098.24-2020 Standard GB\/T 3098.24-2020 specifies the mechanical properties of bolts, screws, studs, and nuts made from stainless steels and nickel alloys intended for high-temperature service. This standard is part of the broader GB\/T 3098 series on fasteners and focuses on materials that maintain structural integrity under elevated temperatures, such as those […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[220],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technical-documentation-and-references"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5658","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5658"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5658\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5659,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5658\/revisions\/5659"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5658"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5658"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5658"}],"curies":[{"name":"trang web","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}