{"id":5569,"date":"2025-12-19T08:45:03","date_gmt":"2025-12-19T08:45:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/?p=5569"},"modified":"2025-12-19T08:45:03","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T08:45:03","slug":"mechanical-performance-standards-for-fasteners-gb-t-3098-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/blog\/mechanical-performance-standards-for-fasteners-gb-t-3098-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt: GB\/T 3098.4"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

<\/h1>\n

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

GB\/T 3098.4 l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia Trung Qu\u1ed1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111ai \u1ed1c ren b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111ai \u1ed1c ren b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng, v\u00edt v\u00e0 \u0111inh t\u00e1n. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111ai \u1ed1c c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao danh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ren hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady trong c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u01a1 kh\u00ed. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t ren b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u01b0u ti\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00e3y bu l\u00f4ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p si\u1ebft qu\u00e1 l\u1ef1c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao an to\u00e0n trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u<\/h2>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3098.4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111ai \u1ed1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean chi\u1ec1u cao danh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ren hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

3.1 \u0110ai \u1ed1c c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao danh ngh\u0129a \u2265 0,8D (chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ren hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng \u2265 0,6D)<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111ai \u1ed1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t bu l\u00f4ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch, ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch cao nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bB\u1ea3ng 2. \u0110ai \u1ed1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111ai \u1ed1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m bu l\u00f4ng-\u0111ai \u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a bu l\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Si\u1ebft qu\u00e1 ch\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 g\u00e3y bu l\u00f4ng, tr\u1eddn ren bu l\u00f4ng, tr\u1eddn ren \u0111ai \u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 hai. G\u00e3y bu l\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u00ec n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1eddn ren t\u1eeb t\u1eeb. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ren t\u1eeb 8 \u0111\u1ebfn 39 mm, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111ai \u1ed1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p theo B\u1ea3ng 2 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u1eddn ren \u1edf t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a bu l\u00f4ng. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o bu l\u00f4ng b\u1ecb g\u00e3y khi si\u1ebft qu\u00e1 ch\u1eb7t (theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 10%) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111ai \u1ed1c, vui l\u00f2ng tham kh\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c A c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3098.2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea3ng 2: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u cho \u0111ai \u1ed1c c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao danh ngh\u0129a \u2265 0,8D<\/caption>\n
\u0110ai \u1ed1c c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/th>\nC\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bu l\u00f4ng, \u1ed1c v\u00edt v\u00e0 \u0111inh t\u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch<\/th>\nH\u1ea1t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Lo\u1ea1i 1<\/th>\nLo\u1ea1i 2<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng<\/th>\nPh\u1ea1m vi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ren, mm<\/th>\nPh\u1ea1m vi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ren, mm<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
5<\/td>\n3.6, 4.6, 4.8<\/td>\n\u226439<\/td>\n\u226439<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.6, 5.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\n6.8<\/td>\n\u226439<\/td>\n\u226439<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\n8.8<\/td>\n\u226439<\/td>\n\u226439<\/td>\n\u226416<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\n10.9<\/td>\n\u226439<\/td>\n\u226416<\/td>\n\u226439<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\n12.9<\/td>\n\u226416<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n\u226416<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

3.2 \u0110ai \u1ed1c c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao danh ngh\u0129a \u2265 0,5D nh\u01b0ng < 0,8D (chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ren hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng \u2265 0,4D nh\u01b0ng < 0,6D)<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111ai \u1ed1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng hai ch\u1eef s\u1ed1: ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 hai bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb 1\/100 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n danh ngh\u0129a (t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng N\/mm\u00b2) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ee5c th\u1eed c\u1ee9ng; ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u201c0\u201d cho bi\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m so v\u1edbi \u0111ai \u1ed1c 3.1. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111ai \u1ed1c, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a bu l\u00f4ng gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i. Xem B\u1ea3ng 3 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea3ng 3: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u0111ai \u1ed1c c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao danh ngh\u0129a \u2265 0,5D nh\u01b0ng < 0,8D (N\/mm\u00b2)<\/caption>\n
\u0110ai \u1ed1c c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/th>\n\u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n danh ngh\u0129a<\/th>\nB\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
4<\/td>\n400<\/td>\n380<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\n500<\/td>\n500<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho m\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong B\u1ea3ng 4, v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n li\u00ean quan. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p 05, 8 (Lo\u1ea1i 1), 10 v\u00e0 12 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ram. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd 1: C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng 5 v\u00e0 6 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e9p d\u1ec5 c\u1eaft (tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c), v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a S 0,34%, P 0,11%, Pb 0,35%.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd 2: Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung h\u1ee3p kim l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p c\u1ea5p 8, 10 v\u00e0 12 nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea3ng 4: V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/caption>\n
C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng<\/th>\nTh\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, %<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
C<\/th>\nMn<\/th>\nP<\/th>\nS<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/th>\nph\u00fat<\/th>\nt\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/th>\nt\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
51)<\/sup>, 6<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n0.06<\/td>\n0.15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82)<\/sup><\/td>\n0.58<\/td>\n0.25<\/td>\n0.06<\/td>\n0.15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
102)<\/sup><\/td>\n0.58<\/td>\n0.3<\/td>\n0.048<\/td>\n0.058<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
122)<\/sup><\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n0.58<\/td>\n0.45<\/td>\n0.048<\/td>\n0.058<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng B\u1ea3ng 5 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra theo Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 8. C\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 5779.2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n
B\u1ea3ng 5: T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/caption>\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ren D mm<\/th>\nC\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t 4<\/th>\nM\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t 5<\/th>\nM\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t 5<\/th>\nM\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t 6<\/th>\nM\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n 8<\/th>\n\u0110i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t 10<\/th>\nTr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n l\u1edbp 12<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/thead>\n

8 \u2264 d \u2264 10<\/td>\n380<\/td>\n188<\/td>\n302<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t<\/td>\nG\u1ea7y<\/td>\n500<\/td>\n272<\/td>\n353<\/td>\nT\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng<\/td>\nG\u1ea7y<\/td>\n690<\/td>\n175<\/td>\n302<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t1)<\/sup><\/td>\n1<\/td>\n770<\/td>\n188<\/td>\n302<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t1)<\/sup><\/td>\n1<\/td>\n955<\/td>\n250<\/td>\n353<\/td>\n\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n890<\/td>\n195<\/td>\n302<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n1100<\/td>\n295<\/td>\n353<\/td>\nT\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1055<\/td>\n250<\/td>\n353<\/td>\nT\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n1200<\/td>\n295<\/td>\n353<\/td>\nT\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1 h\u1ecfng<\/h2>\n

B\u1ea3ng 6 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m cho \u0111ai \u1ed1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ren nh\u1ecf. V\u00f9ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t AS<\/sub> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 AS<\/sub> = (\u03c0\/4) * (d2<\/sub> + d3<\/sub>)\/2\u00b2, trong \u0111\u00f3 d2<\/sub> l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ren, d3<\/sub> = d1<\/sub> \u2013 H\/6, H = 0,866025P.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea3ng 6: Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/caption>\n
Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ren D\u00d7P<\/th>\nV\u00f9ng ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c AS<\/sub> mm\u00b2<\/th>\nC\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/thead>\n

M8\u00d71<\/td>\n39.2<\/td>\n14900<\/td>\n19600<\/td>\n27000<\/td>\n30200<\/td>\n37400<\/td>\n34900<\/td>\n43100<\/td>\n41400<\/td>\n47000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

B\u1ea3ng 7 cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e1o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u so v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a bu l\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111ai \u1ed1c c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao danh ngh\u0129a \u2265 0,5D nh\u01b0ng < 0,8D.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea3ng 7: T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e1o r\u1eddi t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a \u0111ai \u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a bu l\u00f4ng (%)<\/caption>\n
\u0110ai \u1ed1c c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/th>\nT\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 so v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a bu l\u00f4ng, %<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Bu l\u00f4ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
6.8<\/th>\n8.8<\/th>\n10.9<\/th>\n12.9<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
4<\/td>\n85<\/td>\n65<\/td>\n45<\/td>\n40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n85<\/td>\n60<\/td>\n50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n
\n
M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u01b0u ti\u00ean g\u00e3y bu l\u00f4ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t ren trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3098.4 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/dt>\n
Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00e3y bu l\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 tai n\u1ea1n do h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c t\u1eeb t\u1eeb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n.<\/dd>\n
H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u d\u00e0nh cho \u0111ai \u1ed1c m\u1ecfng trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/dt>\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111ai \u1ed1c c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao < 0,8D, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 \u201c0\u201d theo sau l\u00e0 1\/100 c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i danh ngh\u0129a, cho bi\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111ai \u1ed1c c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/dd>\n
\u0110ai \u1ed1c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111ai \u1ed1c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/dt>\n
V\u00e2ng, nh\u00ecn chung l\u00e0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bu l\u00f4ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ren theo B\u1ea3ng 2 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/dd>\n
C\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111ai \u1ed1c lo\u1ea1i 10?<\/dt>\n
\u0110ai \u1ed1c c\u1ea5p 10 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ram \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/dd>\n
Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1eed?<\/dt>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c AS<\/sub> = (\u03c0\/4) [(d2<\/sub> + d3<\/sub>)\/2]2<\/sup>, trong \u0111\u00f3 d2<\/sub> v\u00e0 d3<\/sub> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ra t\u1eeb k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ren.<\/dd>\n
Nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng?<\/dt>\n
C\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 5779.2 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n.<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n GB\/T 3098.4 l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111ai \u1ed1c ren b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1c v\u00edt. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111ai \u1ed1c ren b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi bu l\u00f4ng, v\u00edt v\u00e0 \u0111inh t\u00e1n. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111ai \u1ed1c c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao danh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ren hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[220],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5569","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technical-documentation-and-references"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5569","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5569"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5569\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5571,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5569\/revisions\/5571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5569"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5569"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5569"}],"curies":[{"name":"trang web","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}