{"id":5662,"date":"2025-12-23T05:13:32","date_gmt":"2025-12-23T05:13:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/?p=5662"},"modified":"2025-12-23T05:13:32","modified_gmt":"2025-12-23T05:13:32","slug":"gb-t-3098-22-2009-fine-grain-non-quenched-bolt-grades","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/blog\/gb-t-3098-22-2009-fine-grain-non-quenched-bolt-grades\/","title":{"rendered":"GB\/T 3098.22-2009 \u0130nce Taneli, Sertle\u015ftirilmemi\u015f C\u0131vata Kaliteleri"},"content":{"rendered":"
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GB\/T 3098.22-2009 Standard\u0131na Giri\u015f<\/span><\/div>\n
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GB\/T 3098.22-2009 standard\u0131, ince taneli, sertle\u015ftirilmemi\u015f ve temperlenmemi\u015f \u00e7elikten \u00fcretilen c\u0131vata, vida ve saplamalar\u0131n mekanik \u00f6zelliklerini belirtir. Bu standart, \u00f6zellikle geleneksel \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem s\u00fcre\u00e7leri olmadan y\u00fcksek mukavemet ve s\u00fcneklik gerektiren \u00e7e\u015fitli mekanik uygulamalarda ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini ve performans\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in gereklidir. \u0130nce taneli, sertle\u015ftirilmemi\u015f \u00e7elik, kontroll\u00fc haddeleme ve so\u011futma yoluyla \u00f6zelliklerini kazan\u0131r ve bu da m\u00fckemmel tokluk ve mukavemet sa\u011flayan bir mikro yap\u0131 ile sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve temperlenmi\u015f \u00e7eliklere k\u0131yasla \u00fcretim maliyetlerini ve \u00e7evresel etkiyi azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

5 mm ile 16 mm aras\u0131nda di\u015f \u00e7ap\u0131na sahip ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olan standart, belirli kullan\u0131mlar i\u00e7in uyarlanm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131 ve akma \u00f6zelliklerini g\u00f6steren 8.8F, 9.8F ve 10.9F gibi performans s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 8.8F s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 genel m\u00fchendislik uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in uygun olan 800 MPa nominal \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131 sunarken, 10.9F s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 yap\u0131sal c\u0131vatalama gibi daha zorlu uygulamalar i\u00e7in 1000 MPa nominal daha y\u00fcksek dayan\u0131m sa\u011flar. Standart ayr\u0131ca tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 garanti etmek i\u00e7in kimyasal bile\u015fim, tane boyutu ve mekanik test gereksinimlerini de i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fl\u0131ca avantajlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, \u00e7atlak yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 en aza indiren ince taneli yap\u0131 sayesinde iyile\u015ftirilmi\u015f yorulma direnci yer almaktad\u0131r. \u00dcreticilerin, her biri belirli performans seviyelerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen MFT8, MFT9 ve MFT10 gibi belirtilen malzeme s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131na uymalar\u0131 gerekmektedir. Standart, ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 kalite e\u015fde\u011ferlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in malzeme teknik ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve i\u015fleme y\u00f6nergeleri i\u00e7in ek b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere at\u0131fta bulunur. Testler, 10\u00b0C ila 35\u00b0C aras\u0131ndaki ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131nda yap\u0131l\u0131r ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k performans\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in -20\u00b0C'de darbe testleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n

Pratikte, bu standart, ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasiteleri konusunda net y\u00f6nergeler sa\u011flayarak otomotiv, in\u015faat ve makine gibi sekt\u00f6rleri desteklemektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, akma gerilme oran\u0131, ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n kal\u0131c\u0131 deformasyon olmadan belirtilen y\u00fckleri ta\u015f\u0131yabilmesini sa\u011flar. Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar, malzemeler uyumlu olsa bile, geometrik fakt\u00f6rlerin genel performans\u0131 etkileyebilece\u011fini ve bu nedenle dikkatli tasar\u0131m de\u011ferlendirmeleri gerekti\u011fini unutmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Standart, \u00f6zellikleri iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in so\u011fuk \u015fekillendirme sonras\u0131 stabilizasyon i\u015flemlerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Genel olarak, GB\/T 3098.22-2009, ISO 898 gibi k\u00fcresel standartlarla uyumludur ve uluslararas\u0131 ticareti kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. GB\/T 5779.1 gibi kusur standartlar\u0131na at\u0131fta bulunarak, s\u00fcreksizliklerden kaynaklanan ar\u0131zalar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in y\u00fczey b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u00f6nem verir. Bu standard\u0131 takip ederek, m\u00fchendisler uygun ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7ebilir ve montajlarda g\u00fcvenlik ve verimlili\u011fi optimize edebilirler. Bu kapsaml\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7eve, hammadde se\u00e7iminden nihai \u00fcr\u00fcn do\u011frulamas\u0131na kadar her \u015feyi kapsayarak, mekanik ba\u011flant\u0131 teknolojisi i\u00e7in bir temel ta\u015f\u0131 haline gelir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Malzeme Gereksinimleri<\/h2>\n

\u0130nce taneli, su verilmemi\u015f \u00e7elik ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan malzemeler, standard\u0131n Ek A's\u0131nda belirtilen kat\u0131 teknik ko\u015fullar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, malzeme kaliteleri, kimyasal bile\u015fim, ferrit tane boyutu ve mekanik \u00f6zellikler i\u00e7in spesifikasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir. \u0130nce taneli yap\u0131, su verme ve temperleme gerektirmeden homojen \u00f6zellikler sa\u011flayan termomekanik i\u015flemle elde edilir. MFT8, MFT9 ve MFT10 gibi malzeme kaliteleri tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve her biri belirli performans seviyeleri i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kimyasal bile\u015fim tipik olarak, tane boyutunu inceltmek ve mukavemeti art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in karbon, manganez, silisyum ve niyobyum veya vanadyum gibi mikro ala\u015f\u0131m elementlerinin kontroll\u00fc seviyelerini i\u00e7erir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, toklu\u011fu art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ferrit tane boyutu ASTM 8'den daha ince olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ko\u015fullar, so\u011fuk \u015fekillendirme i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan \u00e7elik tel \u00e7ubuklar\u0131n \u00fcretimde tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

Kullan\u0131labilecek ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda nominal di\u015f \u00e7aplar\u0131 5 mm ile 16 mm aras\u0131nda olan c\u0131vatalar, vidalar, saplamalar ve \u00e7ubuklar yer almaktad\u0131r. Tablo 2, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen par\u00e7alar\u0131 detayl\u0131 olarak g\u00f6stermektedir:<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Malzeme Kalitesi<\/th>\nNominal Di\u015f \u00c7ap\u0131 (mm)<\/th>\nPerformans Notu<\/th>\nUygulanabilir \u00dcr\u00fcnler<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
MFT8<\/td>\n5~16<\/td>\n8.8F, 08.8F<\/td>\nC\u0131vatalar, vidalar, saplamalar ve \u00e7ubuklar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MFT9<\/td>\n5~16<\/td>\n9.8F, 09.8F<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MFT10<\/td>\n5~16<\/td>\n10.9F, 010.9F<\/td>\n\u00c7iviler ve \u00e7ubuklar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\u00d6nerilen i\u015flemler, performans\u0131 optimize etmek i\u00e7in so\u011fuk \u015fekillendirmeden sonra stabilizasyon i\u015flemini i\u00e7erir. Ek B, gerekirse tavlama veya k\u00fcreselle\u015ftirme de dahil olmak \u00fczere, s\u0131cak haddelenmi\u015f tel \u00e7ubuklar\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in y\u00f6nergeler sa\u011flar. Bu, nihai \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin kusursuz bir \u015fekilde gerekli mekanik \u00f6zelliklere sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

Se\u00e7im a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, m\u00fchendisler \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmal\u0131d\u0131r; a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ortamlarda ek kaplamalar gerekebilir, ancak standart temel malzeme \u00f6zelliklerine odaklanmaktad\u0131r. Bu gerekliliklere uyum, y\u00fcksek mukavemetli \u00e7eliklerde yayg\u0131n olan hidrojen gevrekli\u011fi gibi riskleri en aza indirir. Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 kimyasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sertle\u015febilirlik veya zay\u0131f kaynaklanabilirlik gibi sorunlar\u0131 \u00f6nler.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca, standart, hammaddeden nihai \u00fcr\u00fcne kadar izlenebilirli\u011fi zorunlu k\u0131larak ISO 9001 gibi kalite kontrol sistemlerini desteklemektedir. Bu malzeme gereksinimlerine uyarak, \u00fcreticiler dinamik y\u00fckler alt\u0131nda g\u00fcvenilir bir \u015fekilde performans g\u00f6steren ve k\u00f6pr\u00fcler veya ara\u00e7lar gibi uygulamalarda kullan\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc uzatan ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131 \u00fcretebilirler.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Mekanik ve Fiziksel \u00d6zellikler<\/h2>\n

Ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131, Tablo 3'te belirtilen mekanik ve fiziksel \u00f6zelliklere sahip olmal\u0131 ve 10\u00b0C ila 35\u00b0C ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, -20\u00b0C'de Charpy darbe testi ile test edilmelidir. Bu \u00f6zellikler, servis ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi sa\u011flar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 8.8F s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131 (Rm) minimum 800 MPa'd\u0131r ve bu da \u00e7eli\u011fin \u00e7ekme kuvvetlerine dayanma yetene\u011fini yans\u0131t\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Akma dayan\u0131m\u0131, 0,2% akma gerilimi (Rp0,2) olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr ve plastik deformasyonu \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Akma gerilimi (Sp), 8,8F i\u00e7in 0,91 gibi oranlarla bir g\u00fcvenlik marj\u0131 sa\u011flar. S\u00fcneklik, uzama (A) ve kesit alan\u0131ndaki azalma (Z) ile de\u011ferlendirilir ve ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131n\u0131n gevrek bir ar\u0131za olmadan deforme olabilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

Sertlik testleri (Vickers, Brinell, Rockwell) homojenli\u011fi do\u011frular ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131lgan veya yumu\u015fak malzemeleri \u00f6nler. -20\u00b0C'de minimum 27 J darbe enerjisi (KV), so\u011fuk ortamlarda dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 teyit eder. Y\u00fczey kusurlar\u0131 GB\/T 5779.1 standard\u0131na g\u00f6re kontrol edilir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00dcr\u00fcn No.<\/th>\nMekanik ve Fiziksel \u00d6zellikler<\/th>\nPerformans Notu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
8.8F<\/th>\n9.8F<\/th>\n10.9F<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>\n\u00c7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131 Rm\/MPa<\/td>\nNominalA<\/sup><\/td>\n800<\/td>\n900<\/td>\n1000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
dakika<\/td>\n800<\/td>\n900<\/td>\n1040<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\n0,2% orant\u0131s\u0131z uzamada gerilim, Rp0,2\/MPa<\/td>\nNominalA<\/sup><\/td>\n640<\/td>\n720<\/td>\n900<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
dakika<\/td>\n640<\/td>\n720<\/td>\n940<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nStres kan\u0131t\u0131 SpB<\/sup>\/MPa<\/td>\nNominal<\/td>\n580<\/td>\n650<\/td>\n830<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nominal dayan\u0131m gerilme oran\u0131 Sp, \/ Rp0.2 min<\/td>\n0.91<\/td>\n0.9<\/td>\n0.88<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nK\u0131r\u0131lma sonras\u0131 uzama A\/%<\/td>\ndakika<\/td>\n12<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\nAlan azalt\u0131m\u0131 Z\/%<\/td>\ndakika<\/td>\n52<\/td>\n48<\/td>\n48<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\nKafa sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/td>\nK\u0131r\u0131k yok<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\nVickers sertli\u011fi HV F\u226598N<\/td>\ndakika<\/td>\n250<\/td>\n290<\/td>\n320<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
maksimum<\/td>\n320<\/td>\n360<\/td>\n380<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\nBrinell sertli\u011fi HBW F=30D\u00b2<\/td>\ndakika<\/td>\n238<\/td>\n276<\/td>\n304<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
maksimum<\/td>\n304<\/td>\n342<\/td>\n361<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\nRockwell sertli\u011fi HRC<\/td>\ndakika<\/td>\n22<\/td>\n28<\/td>\n32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
maksimum<\/td>\n32<\/td>\n37<\/td>\n39<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\nK\u0131r\u0131lma torku MB\/Nm<\/td>\ndakika<\/td>\nGB\/T 3098.13'e bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\nEtki enerjisi KVCD<\/sup>\/J<\/td>\ndakika<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\nY\u00fczey kusurlar\u0131<\/td>\nGB\/T 5779.1e<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Notlar: A<\/sup> \u0130\u015faretleme i\u00e7in nominal de\u011ferler. B<\/sup> Test y\u00fckleri i\u00e7in Tablo 5 ve 7'ye bak\u0131n\u0131z. C<\/sup> -20\u00b0C'de. D<\/sup> d=16 mm i\u00e7in. e<\/sup> GB\/T 5779.3 anla\u015fmas\u0131 gere\u011fi.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00f6zellikler, y\u00fcksek \u00e7evrim yorulma direnci gerektiren uygulamalar i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir. \u0130nce taneli mikro yap\u0131, \u00fcst\u00fcn darbe dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunarak titre\u015fimli ortamlarda ar\u0131za riskini azalt\u0131r. Sertlik s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, i\u015flenebilirli\u011fi ve a\u015f\u0131nma direncini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Uygulanabilir Test Y\u00f6ntemleri ve Hususlar<\/h2>\n

Standard\u0131n 4. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, \u00e7ekme, y\u00fck dayan\u0131m\u0131, sertlik ve darbe testleri de dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00f6zelliklerin do\u011frulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in test y\u00f6ntemlerini \u00f6zetlemektedir. Bu y\u00f6ntemler, \u00e7e\u015fitli ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131 tipleri ve boyutlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir ve 3. B\u00f6l\u00fcm uygunlu\u011fu belirtmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00e7ekme testlerinde Rm ve Rp0.2 de\u011ferlerini do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in i\u015flenmi\u015f numuneler kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fck dayan\u0131m\u0131 testleri, ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131n\u0131n deformasyon olmadan Sp y\u00fck\u00fcne dayanabildi\u011fini do\u011frular; bu da \u00f6n y\u00fckleme uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Y\u00fczeylerin homojenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in sertlik testleri yap\u0131l\u0131r. Darbe testlerinde, -20\u00b0C'de KV \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in Charpy V \u00e7entikli numuneler kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve k\u0131r\u0131lgan k\u0131r\u0131lma direnci de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p>\n

Dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken hususlar aras\u0131nda boyut etkileri de yer almaktad\u0131r; daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131, uygun malzemeler kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa bile kapasitelerinin azalmas\u0131na neden olabilir. Test s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7evresel ko\u015fullar kontrol edilmelidir. Kusurlar i\u00e7in GB\/T 5779.3 gibi alternatif y\u00f6ntemler i\u00e7in ise onay gereklidir.<\/p>\n

Test ad\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u0131ral\u0131 listeler:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Numuneleri standart \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclere g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlay\u0131n.<\/li>\n
  2. Belirtilen s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda testler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirin.<\/li>\n
  3. Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 kaydedin ve Tablo 3'teki s\u0131n\u0131rlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/li>\n
  4. G\u00f6rsel ve tahribats\u0131z y\u00f6ntemlerle kusurlar\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Testleri etkileyen s\u0131ralanmam\u0131\u015f fakt\u00f6rler:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Di\u015fli geometrisi, gerilim da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 etkiler.<\/li>\n
    • So\u011fuk \u015fekillendirme gibi \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7leri.<\/li>\n
    • Kaplamalar, \u00f6zellikleri potansiyel olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Bu y\u00f6ntemler, uluslararas\u0131 normlara uygun olarak izlenebilirli\u011fi ve kaliteyi sa\u011flar. Uygulamada, ekipman\u0131n d\u00fczenli kalibrasyonu \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      Kal\u0131n ve \u0130nce Di\u015fliler \u0130\u00e7in Y\u00fck Tablolar\u0131<\/h2>\n

      Tablo 4 ila 7, nominal gerilme alan\u0131 (As,nom) kullan\u0131larak hesaplanan kaba ve ince di\u015fler i\u00e7in minimum \u00e7ekme y\u00fcklerini ve dayan\u0131m y\u00fcklerini vermektedir. S\u0131cak dald\u0131rma galvanizli ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in GB\/T 5267.3 Ek A'daki indirimler ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n

      Tablo 4: Kal\u0131n di\u015fler i\u00e7in minimum \u00e7ekme y\u00fckleri (Fm,min = As,nom \u00d7 Rm,min \/ N).<\/p>\n

      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Di\u015f Boyutu d<\/th>\nNominal Gerilme Alan\u0131 As,nom \/ mm\u00b2<\/th>\nPerformans Notu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
      8.8F<\/th>\n9.8F<\/th>\n10.9F<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
      Minimum \u00c7ekme Y\u00fck\u00fc Fm,min \/ N<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      M5<\/td>\n14.2<\/td>\n11360<\/td>\n12780<\/td>\n14768<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M6<\/td>\n20.1<\/td>\n16080<\/td>\n18090<\/td>\n20904<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M7<\/td>\n28.9<\/td>\n23120<\/td>\n26010<\/td>\n30056<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M8<\/td>\n36.6<\/td>\n29280<\/td>\n32940<\/td>\n38064<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M10<\/td>\n58<\/td>\n46400<\/td>\n52200<\/td>\n60320<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M12<\/td>\n84.3<\/td>\n67440<\/td>\n75870<\/td>\n87672<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M14<\/td>\n115<\/td>\n92000<\/td>\n103500<\/td>\n119600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M16<\/td>\n157<\/td>\n125600<\/td>\n141300<\/td>\n163280<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

      Tablo 5: Kal\u0131n di\u015fler i\u00e7in test y\u00fckleri (Fp = As,nom \u00d7 Sp \/ N). Standart hesaplamalara dayal\u0131 d\u00fczeltilmi\u015f de\u011ferler.<\/p>\n

      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Di\u015f Boyutu d<\/th>\nNominal Gerilme Alan\u0131 As,nom \/ mm\u00b2<\/th>\nPerformans Notu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
      8.8F<\/th>\n9.8F<\/th>\n10.9F<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
      Test Y\u00fck\u00fc Fp \/ N<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      M5<\/td>\n14.2<\/td>\n8240<\/td>\n9230<\/td>\n11790<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M6<\/td>\n20.1<\/td>\n11660<\/td>\n13070<\/td>\n16680<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M7<\/td>\n28.9<\/td>\n16760<\/td>\n18790<\/td>\n23990<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M8<\/td>\n36.6<\/td>\n21230<\/td>\n23790<\/td>\n30380<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M10<\/td>\n58<\/td>\n33640<\/td>\n37700<\/td>\n48140<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M12<\/td>\n84.3<\/td>\n48890<\/td>\n54800<\/td>\n69970<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M14<\/td>\n115<\/td>\n66700<\/td>\n74750<\/td>\n95450<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M16<\/td>\n157<\/td>\n91060<\/td>\n102050<\/td>\n130310<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

      Tablo 6: \u0130nce di\u015fler i\u00e7in minimum \u00e7ekme y\u00fckleri.<\/p>\n

      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u0130plik Boyutu d\u00d7p<\/th>\nNominal Gerilme Alan\u0131 As,nom \/ mm\u00b2<\/th>\nPerformans Notu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
      8.8F<\/th>\n9.8F<\/th>\n10.9F<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
      Minimum \u00c7ekme Y\u00fck\u00fc Fm,min \/ N<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      M8\u00d71<\/td>\n39.2<\/td>\n31360<\/td>\n35280<\/td>\n40768<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M10\u00d71<\/td>\n64.5<\/td>\n51600<\/td>\n58050<\/td>\n67080<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M10\u00d71.25<\/td>\n61.2<\/td>\n48960<\/td>\n55080<\/td>\n63648<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M12\u00d71.25<\/td>\n92.1<\/td>\n73680<\/td>\n82890<\/td>\n95784<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M12\u00d71.5<\/td>\n88.1<\/td>\n70480<\/td>\n79290<\/td>\n91624<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M14\u00d71.5<\/td>\n125<\/td>\n100000<\/td>\n112500<\/td>\n130000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M16\u00d71.5<\/td>\n167<\/td>\n133600<\/td>\n150300<\/td>\n173680<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

      Tablo 7: \u0130nce di\u015fler i\u00e7in test y\u00fckleri.<\/p>\n

      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u0130plik Boyutu d\u00d7p<\/th>\nNominal Gerilme Alan\u0131 As,nom \/ mm\u00b2<\/th>\nPerformans Notu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
      8.8F<\/th>\n9.8F<\/th>\n10.9F<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
      Test Y\u00fck\u00fc Fp \/ N<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      M8\u00d71<\/td>\n39.2<\/td>\n22740<\/td>\n25480<\/td>\n32540<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M10\u00d71<\/td>\n64.5<\/td>\n37410<\/td>\n41930<\/td>\n53540<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M10\u00d71.25<\/td>\n61.2<\/td>\n35490<\/td>\n39780<\/td>\n50800<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M12\u00d71.25<\/td>\n92.1<\/td>\n53420<\/td>\n59870<\/td>\n76440<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M12\u00d71.5<\/td>\n88.1<\/td>\n51090<\/td>\n57270<\/td>\n73120<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M14\u00d71.5<\/td>\n125<\/td>\n72500<\/td>\n81250<\/td>\n103750<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M16\u00d71.5<\/td>\n167<\/td>\n96860<\/td>\n108550<\/td>\n138610<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

      Bu tablolar, g\u00fcvenli \u00f6n y\u00fckleme ve nihai dayan\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flayarak tasar\u0131m hesaplamalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. As,nom de\u011feri 9.1.6.1'e g\u00f6re hesaplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      Ekler ve \u00d6neriler<\/h2>\n

      Ek A, MFT8 ila MFT10 kaliteleri i\u00e7in kimyasal bile\u015fim ve tane boyutu dahil olmak \u00fczere malzeme teknik ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 detayland\u0131r\u0131r. Hammaddelerin belirtilen \u00f6zelliklere ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in temel olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Ek B, s\u0131cak haddelenmi\u015f telin ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131na i\u015flenmesi i\u00e7in k\u0131lavuzlar sunar ve \u015fekillendirme sonras\u0131 mikroyap\u0131y\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in stabilizasyon i\u015flemlerini \u00f6nerir.<\/p>\n

      \u00d6neriler aras\u0131nda, ince tanelerin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kontroll\u00fc so\u011futma kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yap\u0131n\u0131n kaba hale gelmesine neden olabilecek a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi yer almaktad\u0131r. Optimum performans i\u00e7in, bunlar\u0131 \u00fcretimdeki en iyi uygulamalarla entegre edin.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      SSS<\/h2>\n
      \n
      Bu standartta ince taneli, su verilmemi\u015f \u00e7elik ne anlama geliyor?<\/dt>\n
      GB\/T 3098.22-2009 standard\u0131nda tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, ince ferrit taneleri elde etmek i\u00e7in termomekanik haddeleme yoluyla i\u015flenmi\u015f, su verme ve temperleme gerektirmeyen y\u00fcksek mukavemetli \u00e7eli\u011fi ifade eder.<\/dd>\n
      Bu, sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve temperlenmi\u015f \u00e7elik ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131ndan nas\u0131l farkl\u0131d\u0131r?<\/dt>\n
      Is\u0131l i\u015flem g\u00f6rmemi\u015f tipler, \u00f6zelliklerini mikro ala\u015f\u0131mlama ve kontroll\u00fc so\u011futma yoluyla elde ederken, bu da maliyet tasarrufu ve daha iyi tokluk sa\u011flar; \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f tipler ise sertlik i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem kullan\u0131r.<\/dd>\n
      Bu ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in boyut s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/dt>\n
      5 mm ile 16 mm aras\u0131ndaki nominal \u00e7aplar i\u00e7in uygundur; 10.9F gibi belirli kaliteler ise yaln\u0131zca saplama ve \u00e7ubuklarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/dd>\n
      Darbe dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nas\u0131l test edilir?<\/dt>\n
      -20\u00b0C'de Charpy V \u00e7entikli test cihaz\u0131 kullan\u0131larak, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda performans\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in d=16 mm i\u00e7in minimum 27 J enerji gereklidir.<\/dd>\n
      Y\u00fczey kusurlar\u0131yla ilgili olarak hangi yayg\u0131n sorunlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar?<\/dt>\n
      \u00c7atlaklar veya birle\u015fim yerleri gibi kusurlar y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesini azaltabilir; standart, muayene ve kabul kriterleri i\u00e7in GB\/T 5779.1'e at\u0131fta bulunur.<\/dd>\n
      Kaplamalar i\u00e7in test y\u00fckleri ayarlanabilir mi?<\/dt>\n
      Evet, s\u0131cak dald\u0131rma galvanizli 6g\/6az di\u015fler i\u00e7in, kal\u0131nl\u0131k etkilerini hesaba katmak amac\u0131yla GB\/T 5267.3 Ek A'ya g\u00f6re indirimler uygulan\u0131r.<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Introduction to the GB\/T 3098.22-2009 Standard The GB\/T 3098.22-2009 standard specifies the mechanical properties for bolts, screws, and studs made from fine-grain non-quenched and tempered steel. This standard is essential for ensuring the reliability and performance of fasteners in various mechanical applications, particularly where high strength and ductility are required without traditional heat treatment processes. […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[220],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5662","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technical-documentation-and-references"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5662","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5662"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5662\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5664,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5662\/revisions\/5664"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5662"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5662"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5662"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}