{"id":5658,"date":"2025-12-23T03:48:38","date_gmt":"2025-12-23T03:48:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/?p=5658"},"modified":"2025-12-23T03:48:38","modified_gmt":"2025-12-23T03:48:38","slug":"gb-t-3098-24-2020-high-temp-ss-ni-alloy-fasteners","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/blog\/gb-t-3098-24-2020-high-temp-ss-ni-alloy-fasteners\/","title":{"rendered":"GB\/T 3098.24-2020: Y\u00fcksek S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa Dayan\u0131kl\u0131 Paslanmaz \u00c7elik ve Nikel Ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 Ba\u011flant\u0131 Elemanlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n
\n

GB\/T 3098.24-2020 Standard\u0131na Giri\u015f<\/h2>\n

GB\/T 3098.24-2020 standard\u0131, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k hizmeti i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f paslanmaz \u00e7elik ve nikel ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f c\u0131vata, vida, saplama ve somunlar\u0131n mekanik \u00f6zelliklerini belirtir. Bu standart, ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131 \u00fczerine daha geni\u015f GB\/T 3098 serisinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r ve havac\u0131l\u0131k, enerji \u00fcretimi ve petrokimya end\u00fcstrilerinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lanlar gibi y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda yap\u0131sal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc koruyan malzemelere odaklan\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n, ortam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan s\u0131cakl\u0131klara maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131nda mukavemet, s\u00fcneklik ve korozyon direnci a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00fcvenilir performans sergilemesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

Bu standart, malzemeleri martensitik paslanmaz \u00e7elikler, \u00f6stenitik \u00e7\u00f6kelme sertle\u015ftirmeli paslanmaz \u00e7elikler ve nikel ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131r ve her biri belirli y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Temel hususlar aras\u0131nda kimyasal bile\u015fim s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem rejimleri, mekanik test gereksinimleri ve a\u015f\u0131nma veya korozyon gibi sorunlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in c\u0131vatalar\u0131n somunlarla e\u015fle\u015ftirilmesine ili\u015fkin y\u00f6nergeler yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu standarda uyum, m\u00fchendisler ve \u00fcreticiler i\u00e7in, g\u00fcvenlik veya i\u015flevsellikten \u00f6d\u00fcn vermeden termal gerilmelere, oksidasyona ve s\u00fcr\u00fcnmeye dayanabilen uygun ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7mek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Pratikte, bu standart ISO 3506 gibi uluslararas\u0131 normlarla uyumludur ve ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131 \u00fcretiminde kalite g\u00fcvencesi i\u00e7in bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve sa\u011flar. S\u00fcr\u00fcnme direnci ve termal genle\u015fme gibi fakt\u00f6rlerin \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortamlar\u0131na g\u00f6re malzeme se\u00e7iminin \u00f6nemini vurgular. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Ala\u015f\u0131m 718 gibi nikel ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcn y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k dayan\u0131m\u0131 nedeniyle tercih edilirken, martensitik kaliteler orta s\u0131cakl\u0131klar i\u00e7in uygun maliyetli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler sunar. Belge ayr\u0131ca, yerli malzeme e\u015fde\u011ferleri ve GB\/T 3098.25'e g\u00f6re paslanmaz \u00e7elik veya nikel ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7imine ili\u015fkin k\u0131lavuzlar i\u00e7in ekler i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu standard\u0131 anlamak, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klardaki gerilme-gerinim davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131 mekani\u011fi bilgisi gerektirir. Ortam ko\u015fullar\u0131nda (10\u00b0C ila 35\u00b0C) test yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lar, ancak kritik uygulamalar i\u00e7in ek y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011ferlendirmeleri \u00f6nerir. Bu, ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n minimum \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131, akma gerilimi ve uzama kriterlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak, kullan\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda ar\u0131zalar\u0131 \u00f6nler. \u00dcreticiler, sertlik i\u00e7in martensit veya s\u00fcneklik i\u00e7in \u00f6stenit gibi istenen mikro yap\u0131lar\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in belirtilen \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flemlere uymal\u0131d\u0131r. Genel olarak, GB\/T 3098.24-2020, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ba\u011flant\u0131 sistemlerinde g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi te\u015fvik eder ve zamanla malzeme bozulmas\u0131yla ili\u015fkili riskleri azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca, standart, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u0131s\u0131 iletkenlikleri ve y\u00fcksek s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme katsay\u0131lar\u0131 nedeniyle paslanmaz \u00e7elik ve nikel ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131nda s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir sorun olan a\u015f\u0131nmay\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in y\u00fczey i\u015flemlerini ele almaktad\u0131r. Tutarl\u0131 tork-gerilim ili\u015fkileri elde etmek ve montaj verimlili\u011fini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ya\u011flama \u00f6nerilmektedir. Kimyasal bile\u015fimleri ve i\u015flemeyi optimize ederek, bu standart zorlu ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda performans g\u00f6steren ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretimini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmakta ve m\u00fchendislik tasar\u0131m\u0131 ve malzeme biliminde ilerlemelere katk\u0131da bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Semboller ve Tan\u0131mlamalar<\/h2>\n

Bu belgede kullan\u0131lan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki semboller, ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131 performans\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmede temel olan mekanik ve boyutsal parametreler i\u00e7in kesin tan\u0131mlar sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6sterimler, test ve spesifikasyonlarda tutarl\u0131l\u0131k sa\u011flayarak m\u00fchendislerin y\u00fck alt\u0131nda mukavemet ve uzama gibi \u00f6zellikleri do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirmelerine olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • A<\/strong>: Ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonraki ger\u00e7ek uzama, milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • As,nom<\/sub><\/strong>: Di\u015fin nominal gerilme kesit alan\u0131, milimetre kare (mm\u00b2) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • AT<\/sub><\/strong>: Ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonraki ger\u00e7ek y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k uzamas\u0131, milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • B<\/strong>: \u0130plik uzunlu\u011fu, milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • D<\/strong>: \u0130\u00e7 di\u015fin nominal \u00e7ap\u0131, milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • D2<\/sub><\/strong>: \u0130\u00e7 di\u015fin temel ad\u0131m \u00e7ap\u0131, milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • D<\/strong>: D\u0131\u015f di\u015fin nominal \u00e7ap\u0131, milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • DH<\/sub><\/strong>: D\u0131\u015ftan di\u015fli ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ekme test d\u00fczene\u011fi veya somun dayan\u0131m y\u00fck\u00fc test d\u00fczene\u011findeki delik \u00e7ap\u0131, milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • DS<\/sub><\/strong>: Di\u015fsiz \u015faft \u00e7ap\u0131, milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • D1<\/sub><\/strong>: D\u0131\u015f di\u015fin temel k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ap\u0131, milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • D2<\/sub><\/strong>: D\u0131\u015f di\u015flinin temel ad\u0131m \u00e7ap\u0131, milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • D3<\/sub><\/strong>: D\u0131\u015f di\u015fin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ap\u0131 (gerilme alan\u0131 hesaplamas\u0131 i\u00e7in), milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • Fmf<\/sub><\/strong>: Nihai \u00e7ekme y\u00fck\u00fc, newton (N) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • Fmf,T<\/sub><\/strong>: Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki nihai \u00e7ekme y\u00fck\u00fc, newton (N) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • Fn,T<\/sub><\/strong>: Somunlar i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki nihai s\u00f6kme y\u00fck\u00fc, newton (N) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • FP<\/sub><\/strong>: Somunlar i\u00e7in test y\u00fck\u00fc, newton (N) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • Fpf<\/sub><\/strong>: Ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131n\u0131n 0,2% plastik uzamas\u0131ndaki ger\u00e7ek y\u00fck, newton (N) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • Fpf,T<\/sub><\/strong>: Ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131n\u0131n 0,2% plastik uzamas\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k y\u00fck\u00fc, newton (N) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • H<\/strong>: \u0130pli\u011fin orijinal \u00fc\u00e7gen y\u00fcksekli\u011fi, milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • H<\/strong>: Somun dayan\u0131m y\u00fck testi d\u00fczene\u011finin kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • L0<\/sub><\/strong>: Y\u00fcklemeden \u00f6nce ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131n\u0131n toplam uzunlu\u011fu, milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • L1<\/sub><\/strong>: K\u0131r\u0131lmadan sonra ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131n\u0131n toplam uzunlu\u011fu, milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • L2<\/sub><\/strong>\u00c7ekme testinden \u00f6nce kavrama uzunlu\u011fu, milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • l<\/strong>: D\u0131\u015ftan di\u015fli ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131n\u0131n nominal uzunlu\u011fu, milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • l1<\/sub><\/strong>: Sap\u0131n toplam uzunlu\u011fu, milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • lo<\/sub><\/strong>: Ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131 i\u00e7in test d\u00fczene\u011finde temas etmemi\u015f di\u015f uzunlu\u011fu, milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • M<\/strong>: Somun y\u00fcksekli\u011fi, milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • P<\/strong>Ad\u0131m aral\u0131\u011f\u0131, milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • Rmf<\/sub><\/strong>: Ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131, megapaskal (MPa) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • Rmf,T<\/sub><\/strong>: Ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131, megapaskal (MPa) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • Rn,T<\/sub><\/strong>: Somunlar i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki nihai soyulma dayan\u0131m\u0131, megapaskal (MPa) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • Rpf<\/sub><\/strong>: Ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131n\u0131n 0,2% plastik uzamas\u0131ndaki ger\u00e7ek gerilim, megapaskal (MPa) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • Rpf,T<\/sub><\/strong>: Ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131n\u0131n 0,2% plastik uzamas\u0131nda olu\u015fan ger\u00e7ek y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k gerilimi, megapaskal (MPa) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
  • SP<\/sub><\/strong>Kan\u0131t gerilimi, megapaskal (MPa) cinsinden.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Bu semboller, \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n (R) belirlenmesi gibi mekanik testlerdeki hesaplamalar i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lmaz bir \u00f6neme sahiptir.mf<\/sub> = Fmf<\/sub> \/ As,nom<\/sub>) ve akma gerilimi. Tasar\u0131m \u00f6zelliklerinde hassas ileti\u015fimi kolayla\u015ft\u0131rarak, ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretim ve uygulama a\u015famalar\u0131nda tutarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirilmesini sa\u011flarlar. Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k senaryolar\u0131 i\u00e7in R gibi semboller kullan\u0131l\u0131r.mf,T<\/sub> ve Fpf,T<\/sub> Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klar nedeniyle akma dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131 gibi, malzeme davran\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki termal etkileri hesaba katmak gerekir. Bu tan\u0131mlamalar\u0131n do\u011fru kullan\u0131m\u0131, yanl\u0131\u015f yorumlamalar\u0131 \u00f6nleyerek m\u00fchendislik uygulamalar\u0131nda g\u00fcvenli\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Ayr\u0131ca, bu sembollerin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, d ve P gibi boyutsal parametrelerin di\u015f mukavemetini ve y\u00fck da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 etkiledi\u011fi ilgili standartlara uyumu kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, nominal gerilme alan\u0131 As,nom<\/sub> d i\u00e7eren form\u00fcller kullan\u0131larak hesaplan\u0131r.2<\/sub> ve d3<\/sub>Gerilim alt\u0131nda ar\u0131za bi\u00e7imlerini tahmin etmek i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    Puanlama Sistemi<\/h2>\n

    Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde belirtilen t\u00fcm paslanmaz \u00e7elikler ve nikel ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 kategoriye ayr\u0131l\u0131r: martensitik paslanmaz \u00e7elikler (CH0, CH1, CH2, V, VH, VW), \u00f6stenitik \u00e7\u00f6kelme sertle\u015ftirmeli paslanmaz \u00e7elikler (SD) ve nikel ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 (SB ve 718). Bu i\u015faretleme sistemi, malzeme kalitelerini tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir yol sa\u011flayarak izlenebilirli\u011fi ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in uygun se\u00e7imi garanti eder.<\/p>\n

    CH0 (\u00f6rne\u011fin, X20Cr13) gibi martensitik kaliteler, \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flemle sertle\u015febilme \u00f6zellikleriyle bilinir ve orta s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda iyi bir mukavemet sunar. V, VH ve VW tan\u0131mlamalar\u0131, farkl\u0131 akma gerilimi seviyelerini g\u00f6sterir; VH i\u00e7in R gereklidir.pf<\/sub> \u2265 700 MPa, geli\u015fmi\u015f performans i\u00e7in. \u00d6stenitik SD i\u015faretleri, korozyon direnci ve 650\u00b0C'ye kadar mukavemet korumas\u0131yla bilinen X6NiCrTiMoVB25-15-2 gibi \u00e7\u00f6kelme ile sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 belirtir. Nikel ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 SB (NiCr20TiAl) ve 718 (NiCr19NbMo), s\u0131ras\u0131yla 800\u00b0C ve 700\u00b0C'ye kadar olan s\u0131cakl\u0131klar i\u00e7in ideal olan \u00fcst\u00fcn s\u00fcr\u00fcnme direnci i\u00e7in i\u015faretlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    \u0130\u015faretleme, montajlarda uyumlulu\u011fu sa\u011flayarak ar\u0131zalara yol a\u00e7abilecek uyumsuzluklar\u0131 \u00f6nler. Ya\u011flanm\u0131\u015f ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in, a\u015f\u0131nmay\u0131 azaltmak amac\u0131yla y\u00fczey i\u015flemlerini belirtmek \u00fczere \"Lu\" (\u00f6rne\u011fin, SD Lu) eklenir. Bu sistem, ISO standartlar\u0131yla uyumludur ve ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131 \u00fcretiminde k\u00fcresel ticareti ve kalite kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 i\u015faretleme, malzeme kodu, \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem durumu (\u00f6rne\u011fin, su verilmi\u015f ve temperlenmi\u015f i\u00e7in +QT) ve performans s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir ve bu da denetim s\u0131ras\u0131nda h\u0131zl\u0131 do\u011frulama sa\u011flar. T\u00fcrbin \u00fcretimi gibi sekt\u00f6rlerde do\u011fru i\u015faretleme, envanter y\u00f6netimi ve mevzuat uyumlulu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    Malzemeler ve \u0130\u015fleme<\/h2>\n

    Kimyasal Bile\u015fim<\/h3>\n

    Tablo 1 ila 3, ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan paslanmaz \u00e7elikler ve nikel ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in kimyasal bile\u015fim s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar, ilgili ulusal standartlara g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilmekte olup, Ek A'da yerel e\u015fde\u011ferleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a, \u00fcretici grup i\u00e7indeki bile\u015fimi se\u00e7er.<\/p>\n

    GB\/T 3098.25, uygun ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n se\u00e7imi i\u00e7in k\u0131lavuzlar sa\u011flar. Bile\u015fimler, aral\u0131klar veya minimum de\u011ferler belirtilmedik\u00e7e, maksimum de\u011ferlerle birlikte k\u00fctle oranlar\u0131 (%) olarak verilir.<\/p>\n

    \n

    Tablo 1: Ba\u011flant\u0131 Elemanlar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Martensitik Paslanmaz \u00c7eliklerin Kimyasal Bile\u015fimi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Malzeme Kategorisi<\/th>\nBa\u011flant\u0131 Eleman\u0131 Kodu<\/th>\nISO Malzeme S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131A<\/sup><\/th>\nReferans BilgileriB<\/sup><\/th>\nKimyasal Bile\u015fim (k\u00fctle oran\u0131)\/%<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    Kod<\/th>\nC<\/th>\nSi<\/th>\nMn<\/th>\nP<\/th>\nS<\/th>\nCr<\/th>\nMo<\/th>\nNi<\/th>\nFe<\/th>\nDi\u011fer Unsurlar<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Martensitik Paslanmaz \u00c7elik<\/td>\nCH0<\/td>\nX20Cr13<\/td>\n4021-420-00-1<\/td>\n0.16~0.25<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1.5<\/td>\n0.04<\/td>\n0.030C<\/sup><\/td>\n12.0~14.0<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\nDenge<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    X20Cr13<\/td>\n1.4021*<\/td>\n0.16~0.25<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1.5<\/td>\n0.04<\/td>\n0.030C<\/sup><\/td>\n12.0~14.0<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CH1<\/td>\nX30Cr13<\/td>\n4028-420-00-1<\/td>\n0.26~0.35<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1.5<\/td>\n0.04<\/td>\n0.030C<\/sup><\/td>\n12.0~14.0<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    X30Cr13<\/td>\n1.4028*<\/td>\n0.26~0.35<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1.5<\/td>\n0.04<\/td>\n0.030C<\/sup><\/td>\n12.0~14.0<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CH2<\/td>\nX17CrNi16-2<\/td>\n4057-431-00-X<\/td>\n0.12~0.22<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1.5<\/td>\n0.04<\/td>\n0.03<\/td>\n15.0~17.0<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n1.50~2.50<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    X17CrNi16-2<\/td>\n1.4057*<\/td>\n0.12~0.22<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1.5<\/td>\n0.04<\/td>\n0.03<\/td>\n15.0~17.0<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n1.50~2.50<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    V\/VHD<\/sup><\/td>\nX22CrMoV12-1<\/td>\n4923-422-77-E<\/td>\n0.18~0.24<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n0.40~0.90<\/td>\n0.025<\/td>\n0.015<\/td>\n11.0~12.5<\/td>\n0.80~1.20<\/td>\n0.30~0.80<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    X22CrMoV12-1<\/td>\n1.4923**<\/td>\n0.18~0.24<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n0.40~0.90<\/td>\n0.025<\/td>\n0.015<\/td>\n11.0~12.5<\/td>\n0.80~1.20<\/td>\n0.30~0.80<\/td>\nV:0.25~0.35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    VW<\/td>\nX19CrMoNbVN11-1<\/td>\n1.4913***<\/td>\n0.17~0.23<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n0.40~0.90<\/td>\n0.025<\/td>\n0.015<\/td>\n10.0~11.5<\/td>\n0.50~0.80<\/td>\n0.20~0.60<\/td>\nV:0.10~0.30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Nb:0.25~0.55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    B:0.0015<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Al:0.020<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    N:0.05~0.10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Not: Belirtilmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece de\u011ferler maksimum de\u011ferlerdir. A<\/sup> ISO\/TS 4949'a g\u00f6re. B<\/sup> * EN 10088-3'ten; *** EN 10269'dan; di\u011ferleri ISO 15510'dan. C<\/sup> \u0130\u015flenebilirli\u011fi art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in k\u00fck\u00fcrt aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 0,015%~0,030%'dir. D<\/sup> V harfi R i\u00e7inpf<\/sub> \u2265600 MPa, VH \u2265700 MPa i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    Tablo 2: Ba\u011flant\u0131 Elemanlar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in \u00d6stenitik \u00c7\u00f6keltme Sertle\u015ftirmeli Paslanmaz \u00c7eliklerin Kimyasal Bile\u015fimi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Malzeme Kategorisi<\/th>\nBa\u011flant\u0131 Eleman\u0131 Kodu<\/th>\nISO Malzeme S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131A<\/sup><\/th>\nReferans BilgileriB<\/sup><\/th>\nKimyasal Bile\u015fim (k\u00fctle oran\u0131)\/%<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    C<\/th>\nSi<\/th>\nMn<\/th>\nP<\/th>\nS<\/th>\nCr<\/th>\nMo<\/th>\nNi<\/th>\nFe<\/th>\nDi\u011fer Unsurlar<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u00d6stenitik \u00c7\u00f6keltme ile Sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f Paslanmaz \u00c7elik<\/td>\nSDD<\/sup><\/td>\nX6NiCrTiMoVB25-15-2<\/td>\n4980-662-86-X<\/td>\n0.08C<\/sup><\/td>\n1<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n0.04<\/td>\n0.03<\/td>\n13.5~16.0<\/td>\n1.00~1.50<\/td>\n24.0~27.0<\/td>\nDenge<\/td>\nTi:1.90~2.35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Al:0.35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    V:0.10~0.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    B:0.001~0.010<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    X6NiCrTiMoVB25-15-2<\/td>\n1.4980***<\/td>\n0.03~0.08<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1.00~2.00<\/td>\n0.025<\/td>\n0.015<\/td>\n13.5~16.0<\/td>\n1.00~1.50<\/td>\n24.0~27.0<\/td>\nTi:1.90~2.35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Al:0.35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    V:0.10~0.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    B:0.001~0.010<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    X6NiCrTiMoVB25-15-2<\/td>\nAla\u015f\u0131m 660 S66286**<\/td>\n0.08C<\/sup><\/td>\n1<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n0.04<\/td>\n0.03<\/td>\n13.5~16.0<\/td>\n1.00~1.50<\/td>\n24.0~27.0<\/td>\nTi:1.90~2.35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Al:0.35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    V:0.10~0.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    B:0.001~0.010<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Not: Belirtilmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece de\u011ferler maksimum de\u011ferlerdir. A<\/sup> ISO\/TS 4949'a g\u00f6re. B<\/sup> ** UNS'den; *** EN 10269'dan; di\u011ferleri ISO 15510'dan. C<\/sup> \u00d6zel kullan\u0131mlar i\u00e7in minimum C de\u011feri. D<\/sup> Daha iyi performans i\u00e7in ikincil eritme \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    Tablo 3: Ba\u011flant\u0131 Elemanlar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Nikel Ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n Kimyasal Bile\u015fimi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Malzeme Kategorisi<\/th>\nBa\u011flant\u0131 Eleman\u0131 Kodu<\/th>\nISO Malzeme S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131A<\/sup><\/th>\nReferans BilgileriB<\/sup><\/th>\nKimyasal Bile\u015fim (k\u00fctle oran\u0131)\/%<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    C<\/th>\nSi<\/th>\nMn<\/th>\nP<\/th>\nS<\/th>\nCr<\/th>\nMo<\/th>\nNi<\/th>\nFe<\/th>\nDi\u011fer Unsurlar<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Nikel Ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/td>\nSBD<\/sup><\/td>\nNiCr20TiAl<\/td>\nAla\u015f\u0131m 80A N07080**<\/td>\n0.10C<\/sup><\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n0.045<\/td>\n0.015<\/td>\n18.0~21.0<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\nDenge<\/td>\n3<\/td>\nTi:1.80~2.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Al:1.0~1.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Co:2.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Cu:0.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    B:0.008<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    NiCr20TiAl<\/td>\n2.4952***<\/td>\n0.04~0.10C<\/sup><\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n0.02<\/td>\n0.015<\/td>\n18.0~21.0<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n\u226565.0<\/td>\n1.5<\/td>\nTi:1.80~2.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Al:1.0~1.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Co:1.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Cu:0.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    B:0.008<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    718D<\/sup><\/td>\nNiCr19NbMo<\/td>\nAla\u015f\u0131m 718 N07718**<\/td>\n0.08C<\/sup><\/td>\n0.35<\/td>\n0.35<\/td>\n0.015<\/td>\n0.015<\/td>\n17.0~21.0<\/td>\n2.80~3.30<\/td>\n50.0~55.0<\/td>\nDenge<\/td>\nNb:4.75~5.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ti:0.65~1.15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Al:0.2~0.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Co:1.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Cu:0.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    B:0.006<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    NiCr19NbMo<\/td>\n2.4668**<\/td>\n0.02~0.08C<\/sup><\/td>\n0.35<\/td>\n0.35<\/td>\n0.015<\/td>\n0.015<\/td>\n17.0~21.0<\/td>\n2.80~3.30<\/td>\n50.0~55.0<\/td>\nNb:4.75~5.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ti:0.60~1.20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Al:0.3~0.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Co:1.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Cu:0.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    B:0.002~0.006<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Not: Belirtilmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece de\u011ferler maksimum de\u011ferlerdir. A<\/sup> ISO\/TS 4949'a g\u00f6re. B<\/sup> ** UNS'den; *** EN 10269'dan. C<\/sup> \u00d6zel kullan\u0131mlar i\u00e7in minimum C de\u011feri. D<\/sup> Daha iyi performans i\u00e7in ikincil eritme \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    Kimyasal bile\u015fimler, korozyon direnci, mukavemet ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00f6zellikleri optimize etmek \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, martensitik \u00e7eliklerde y\u00fcksek Cr i\u00e7eri\u011fi oksidasyon direncini art\u0131r\u0131rken, Ala\u015f\u0131m 718'deki Nb, s\u00fcr\u00fcnmeye kar\u015f\u0131 stabilite sa\u011flar. P ve S gibi elementlerin s\u0131k\u0131 kontrol\u00fc, k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011f\u0131 en aza indirir. \u00dcreticiler, uyumlulu\u011fu sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in bile\u015fimleri spektroskopik analiz yoluyla do\u011frulamal\u0131d\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc sapmalar hizmet performans\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe yol a\u00e7abilir. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortamlar\u0131nda uzun vadeli g\u00fcvenilirlik i\u00e7in malzeme safl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Is\u0131l \u0130\u015flem<\/h3>\n

    Bu standarda g\u00f6re \u00fcretilen ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131, B\u00f6l\u00fcm 7'de belirtilen mekanik \u00f6zelliklere ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flemden ge\u00e7irilmelidir. Is\u0131l i\u015flem rejimleri Tablo 4'te ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak verilmi\u015ftir ve martensitik \u00e7elikler i\u00e7in minimum temperleme s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 buna g\u00f6re se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. Belirtilmeyen bekleme s\u00fcreleri, gerekli \u00f6zellikler ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak \u00fcretici taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilir.<\/p>\n

    \u0130\u015flem ak\u0131\u015f\u0131: SD, SB ve 718 i\u00e7in, tercihen \u015fekillendirmeden sonra \u00e7\u00f6zelti i\u015flemi (AT) gereklidir. Y\u00fcksek mukavemetli d\u0131\u015f di\u015fler i\u00e7in (Rmf<\/sub> \u22651100 MPa), AT, anla\u015fmaya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ham madde \u00fczerinde de uygulanabilir. So\u011fuk \u015fekillendirme veya s\u0131cak d\u00f6vme ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem, \u015fekillendirme sonras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. \u0130\u015flenmi\u015f ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ise ham madde veya bitmi\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fczerinde uygulanabilir ve di\u015f a\u00e7ma i\u015flemi i\u015flemden \u00f6nce veya sonra m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir.<\/p>\n

    \n

    Tablo 4: Ba\u011flant\u0131 Elemanlar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in \u00d6nerilen Is\u0131l \u0130\u015flem Rejimleri<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Ba\u011flant\u0131 Eleman\u0131 Kodu<\/th>\nIs\u0131l \u0130\u015flem Ko\u015fulu<\/th>\nS\u00f6nd\u00fcrme\/\u00c7\u00f6zelti \u0130\u015flemi S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (ve Bekleme S\u00fcresi) \u00b0C<\/th>\nTavlama\/\u00c7\u00f6keltme Sertle\u015ftirme S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (ve Bekleme S\u00fcresi) \u00b0C<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    CH0<\/td>\n+QT<\/td>\n950~1050<\/td>\n\u2265450A<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CH1<\/td>\n+QT<\/td>\n950~1050<\/td>\n\u2265450A<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CH2<\/td>\n+QT<\/td>\n950~1050<\/td>\n\u2265450A<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    V<\/td>\n+QT<\/td>\n1020~1070<\/td>\n\u2265680<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    VH<\/td>\n+QT<\/td>\n1020~1070<\/td>\n\u2265660<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    VW<\/td>\n+QT<\/td>\n1100~1130<\/td>\n\u2265670<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SD<\/td>\n+AT+P<\/td>\n970~990 (\u22651 saat)<\/td>\n710~730 (\u226516 saat)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    890~910 (\u22651 saat)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SB<\/td>\n+AT+P<\/td>\n1050~1080<\/td>\nAd\u0131m 1: 840~860 (\u226524 saat)
    \nAd\u0131m 2: 690~710 (\u226516 saat)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    718<\/td>\n+AT+P<\/td>\n940~1010<\/td>\nAd\u0131m 1: 710~730 (\u22658 saat)
    \nAd\u0131m 2: 610~630 (\u226518 saat)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    QT: Su verilmi\u015f ve temperlenmi\u015f; AT: \u00c7\u00f6zelti i\u015flemine tabi tutulmu\u015f (tavlanm\u0131\u015f); P: \u00c7\u00f6keltme ile sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f. A<\/sup> Dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k kayb\u0131n\u0131 ve taneler aras\u0131 korozyonu \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in 500\u00b0C~600\u00b0C'den ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n (Ek B'ye bak\u0131n\u0131z).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    Is\u0131l i\u015flem, martensitik \u00e7eliklerin sertle\u015ftirilmesi veya nikel ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131nda mukavemet i\u00e7in fazlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kelmesi gibi istenen \u00f6zellikler i\u00e7in mikro yap\u0131y\u0131 optimize eder. Yanl\u0131\u015f i\u015flem, k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011fa veya korozyon direncinde azalmaya neden olabilir. \u00dcreticiler, homojen \u00f6zellikler elde etmek i\u00e7in s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 ve so\u011futma h\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 izlemeli ve i\u015flem sonras\u0131 denetimler uyumlulu\u011fu sa\u011flamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Y\u00fczey \u0130\u015flemi<\/h3>\n

    Aksi belirtilmedik\u00e7e, ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131 temizlenmeli ve parlat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle y\u00fcksek tork veya h\u0131z alt\u0131nda montaj s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131nmay\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in ya\u011flama \u00f6nerilir. A\u015f\u0131nma riskini art\u0131ran fakt\u00f6rler aras\u0131nda di\u015f hasar\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek \u00f6n y\u00fckler bulunur.<\/p>\n

    Not 1: Y\u00fcksek s\u0131kma h\u0131z\u0131 gibi parametreler a\u015f\u0131nma riskini art\u0131r\u0131r. Not 2: Bu ala\u015f\u0131mlar i\u00e7in y\u00fczey kusurlar\u0131 veya tork s\u0131kma kuvveti belirten ulusal standartlar bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Y\u00fczey i\u015flemleri, \u201cLu\u201d (\u00f6rne\u011fin, SD Lu) ile i\u015faretlenmi\u015f kontroll\u00fc tork-gerilim sa\u011flar. \u00d6zel gereksinimler kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 anla\u015fma ile belirlenir.<\/p>\n

    Y\u00fczey kalitesi, s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmeyi azaltarak ve korozyon direncini art\u0131rarak performans i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Parlatma oksitleri giderirken, ya\u011flama g\u00fcvenilir \u00f6n y\u00fcklemeler sa\u011flar. Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k uygulamalar\u0131nda, kaplamalar\u0131n termal bozulmaya kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    C\u0131vata ve Somun E\u015fle\u015ftirme Tasar\u0131m\u0131<\/h3>\n

    C\u0131vatalar, vidalar, saplamalar ve somunlar Tablo 5'e g\u00f6re e\u015fle\u015ftirilmelidir. Somunlar ayn\u0131 kodlu ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131yla e\u015fle\u015fmelidir (\u00f6rne\u011fin, CH0 c\u0131vata CH0 somunla). Korozyon ve a\u015f\u0131nmay\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak uzmanlara dan\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde farkl\u0131 malzemeler kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

    S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan par\u00e7alar ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131 malzemesinden farkl\u0131ysa, galvanik korozyonu \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in yal\u0131t\u0131m kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n

    \n

    Tablo 5: C\u0131vata, Vida, Saplama ve Somun Kombinasyonlar\u0131<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    C\u0131vatalar, Vidalar, Saplamalar<\/th>\nF\u0131nd\u0131k<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    CH0<\/th>\nCH1<\/th>\nCH2<\/th>\nV, VH, VW<\/th>\nSD<\/th>\nSB<\/th>\n718<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    CH0<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CH1<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\nOlas\u0131 kombinasyonlar<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CH2<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    V, VH, VW<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SD<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SB<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    718<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u2713<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    E\u015fle\u015ftirme, y\u00fck da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve uyumlulu\u011fu sa\u011flayarak, kablo soyulmas\u0131 gibi riskleri en aza indirir. Standart d\u0131\u015f\u0131 e\u015fle\u015ftirmeler i\u00e7in uzman dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Y\u00fcksek S\u0131cakl\u0131k Ortam\u0131na Dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k<\/h3>\n

    Bu malzemeler, s\u00fcr\u00fcnme dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n boyutland\u0131rmay\u0131 belirledi\u011fi ve oksidasyonun y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda meydana geldi\u011fi ortamlar i\u00e7in uygundur. SD, SB ve 718 ayr\u0131ca nemli korozyona kar\u015f\u0131 da diren\u00e7lidir.<\/p>\n

    Kromun koruyucu oksitler olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ala\u015f\u0131mlama yoluyla oksidasyona ve korozyona kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7 sa\u011flan\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda uzun s\u00fcreli y\u00fckler i\u00e7in s\u00fcr\u00fcnme direnci hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Gaz t\u00fcrbinleri gibi uygulamalarda, bu malzemeler termal d\u00f6ng\u00fcler alt\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini koruyarak yorulma veya k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131ktan kaynaklanan ar\u0131zalar\u0131 \u00f6nler.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Ba\u011flant\u0131 Eleman\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma S\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131<\/h3>\n

    B\u00f6l\u00fcm 7'deki \u00f6zellikler 10\u00b0C~35\u00b0C aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda test edilmi\u015ftir. Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta kullan\u0131m \u00f6zellikleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. Tablo 6'da \u00f6nerilen maksimum s\u0131cakl\u0131klar verilmi\u015ftir, ancak ko\u015fullara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olabilir.<\/p>\n

    Belirli uygulamalar i\u00e7in, B\u00f6l\u00fcm 10'da belirtilen montaj ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 sim\u00fcle ederek y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00e7ekme, s\u00fcr\u00fcnme veya gev\u015feme testleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirin.<\/p>\n

    \n

    Tablo 6: Ba\u011flant\u0131 Elemanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00d6nerilen Maksimum \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma S\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Ba\u011flant\u0131 Eleman\u0131 Kodu<\/th>\nMaksimum \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00b0C<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    CH0<\/td>\n400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CH1<\/td>\n400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CH2<\/td>\n450<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    V<\/td>\n600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    VH<\/td>\n600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    VW<\/td>\n600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SD<\/td>\n650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SB<\/td>\n800<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    718<\/td>\n700<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131klar, oksidasyon ve s\u00fcnme gibi fakt\u00f6rleri dikkate alarak tasar\u0131m s\u00fcrecine rehberlik eder. Testler, ger\u00e7ek kullan\u0131m ko\u015fullar\u0131nda performans\u0131 garanti eder.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    Ba\u011flant\u0131 Elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n Mekanik \u00d6zellikleri<\/h2>\n

    C\u0131vatalar, Vidalar ve Saplamalar<\/h3>\n

    B\u00f6l\u00fcm 9'a g\u00f6re test edildi\u011finde, ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki mekanik \u00f6zellikler, \u00fcretim s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya bitmi\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde ge\u00e7erli olan Tablo 7-11'e uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \n

    Tablo 7: C\u0131vata, Vida ve Saplamalar\u0131n Ortam S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki Mekanik \u00d6zellikleri<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Ba\u011flant\u0131 Eleman\u0131 Kodu<\/th>\nMinimum \u00c7ekme Dayan\u0131m\u0131 Rmf<\/sub> \/ MPa<\/th>\n0.2% Plastik Uzama Noktas\u0131ndaki Gerilim Rpf<\/sub> \/ MPa<\/th>\nK\u0131r\u0131lmadan Sonraki Minimum Uzama A \/ mm<\/th>\nSertlik HV (F\u226598N)<\/th>\nSertlik HRC<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    CH0<\/td>\n800<\/td>\n600<\/td>\n0.20d<\/td>\n250~320<\/td>\n22~32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CH1<\/td>\n850<\/td>\n650<\/td>\n0.20d<\/td>\n270~380<\/td>\n26~39<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CH2<\/td>\n860<\/td>\n690<\/td>\n0.20d<\/td>\n260~320<\/td>\n25~32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    V<\/td>\n800<\/td>\n600<\/td>\n0.20d<\/td>\n250~320<\/td>\n22~32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    VH<\/td>\n900<\/td>\n700<\/td>\n0.20d<\/td>\n280~360<\/td>\n28~38<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    VW<\/td>\n900<\/td>\n750<\/td>\n0.20d<\/td>\n280~360<\/td>\n28~38<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SD<\/td>\n900<\/td>\n600<\/td>\n0.25d<\/td>\n250~360<\/td>\n22~38<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SB<\/td>\n1000<\/td>\n600<\/td>\n0.20d<\/td>\n320~410<\/td>\n32~42<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    718<\/td>\n1230<\/td>\n1030<\/td>\n0.20d<\/td>\n345~480<\/td>\n36~48<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
    \n

    Tablo 8: Ortam S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Minimum \u00c7ekme Y\u00fckleri \u2013 Kal\u0131n Di\u015fliler<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Di\u015f Boyutu d<\/th>\nNominal Gerilme Alan\u0131 As,nom<\/sub> mm\u00b2<\/th>\nMinimum \u00c7ekme Y\u00fck\u00fc Fmf<\/sub> N<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    CH0<\/th>\nCH1<\/th>\nCH2<\/th>\nV<\/th>\nVH<\/th>\nVW<\/th>\nSD<\/th>\nSB<\/th>\n718<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    M3<\/td>\n5.03<\/td>\n4030<\/td>\n4280<\/td>\n4330<\/td>\n4030<\/td>\n4530<\/td>\n4530<\/td>\n4530<\/td>\n5040<\/td>\n6190<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    <\/p>\n

    M39<\/td>\n976<\/td>\n780700<\/td>\n829400<\/td>\n839200<\/td>\n780700<\/td>\n878200<\/td>\n878200<\/td>\n878200<\/td>\n975800<\/td>\n1200200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Fmf,min<\/sub> = As,nom<\/sub> \u00d7 Rmf,min<\/sub>De\u011ferler standartlara g\u00f6re yuvarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Bu \u00f6zellikler, ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 deformasyona u\u011framadan \u00e7ekme y\u00fcklerine dayanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, y\u00fcksek R de\u011feri.mf<\/sub> 718 numaral\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn, zorlu uygulamalar i\u00e7in uygundur. Sertlik aral\u0131klar\u0131, mukavemeti korurken k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nler.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    F\u0131nd\u0131k<\/h3>\n

    Somunlar\u0131n mekanik \u00f6zellikleri de benzer \u015fekilde belirtilir ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda dayan\u0131m y\u00fcklerine ve s\u0131yr\u0131lma mukavemetine odaklan\u0131l\u0131r. Montajlarda zay\u0131f noktalar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in c\u0131vata \u00f6zellikleriyle uyumlu olmalar\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    Test Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/h2>\n

    B\u00f6l\u00fcm 9'daki testler, R i\u00e7in \u00e7ekme testlerini i\u00e7erir.mf<\/sub> ve Rpf<\/sub>B\u00f6l\u00fcm 10'a g\u00f6re s\u00fcr\u00fcnme ve gev\u015feme i\u00e7in sertlik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011ferlendirmeleri yap\u0131l\u0131r. Y\u00f6ntemler, sim\u00fcle edilmi\u015f ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda \u00f6zelliklerin do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    SSS<\/h2>\n
    \nAla\u015f\u0131m 718 ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilen \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem nedir?<\/summary>\n

    940~1010\u00b0C'de \u00e7\u00f6zelti i\u015flemi, ard\u0131ndan iki a\u015famal\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6kelme sertle\u015ftirmesi: \u22658 saat boyunca 710~730\u00b0C, daha sonra \u226518 saat boyunca 610~630\u00b0C. Bu, mukavemeti ve s\u00fcr\u00fcnme direncini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

    \nPaslanmaz \u00e7elik ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131nmay\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00f6nleyebiliriz?<\/summary>\n

    Ya\u011flama veya kaplama uygulay\u0131n, s\u0131kma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin ve uygun di\u015f y\u00fczeyinin elde edilmesini sa\u011flay\u0131n. Ya\u011flanm\u0131\u015f varyantlar i\u00e7in \"Lu\" i\u015faretini kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

    \nMartensitik ala\u015f\u0131mlar i\u00e7in maksimum \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/summary>\n

    CH0 ve CH1: 400\u00b0C; CH2: 450\u00b0C; V, VH, VW: 600\u00b0C. Bu de\u011ferlerin a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00f6zelliklerin bozulmas\u0131na neden olabilir.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

    \nC\u0131vata ve somunlar i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 malzeme kodlar\u0131 e\u015fle\u015ftirilebilir mi?<\/summary>\n

    Evet, Tablo 5'e g\u00f6re, ancak korozyon ve a\u015f\u0131nma risklerini de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in uzmanlara dan\u0131\u015f\u0131n.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

    \nSD ve nikel ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ikincil eritme neden \u00f6nerilir?<\/summary>\n

    Safl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve homojenli\u011fi art\u0131rarak mekanik \u00f6zellikleri ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k bozulmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 direnci iyile\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n

    \nNominal gerilme alan\u0131 A nas\u0131l belirlenir?s,nom<\/sub> hesapland\u0131 m\u0131?<\/summary>\n

    Ad\u0131m \u00e7ap\u0131 d'yi i\u00e7eren form\u00fcller kullan\u0131larak2<\/sub> ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ap d3<\/sub>Y\u00fck hesaplamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in 9.1.5 maddesine g\u00f6re.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n

     <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    GB\/T 3098.24-2020 Standard\u0131na Giri\u015f GB\/T 3098.24-2020 standard\u0131, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k hizmeti i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f paslanmaz \u00e7elik ve nikel ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f c\u0131vata, vida, saplama ve somunlar\u0131n mekanik \u00f6zelliklerini belirtir. Bu standart, ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131 \u00fczerine daha geni\u015f GB\/T 3098 serisinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda yap\u0131sal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc koruyan malzemelere odaklan\u0131r, \u00f6rne\u011fin [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[220],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technical-documentation-and-references"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5658","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5658"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5658\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5659,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5658\/revisions\/5659"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5658"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5658"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5658"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}