{"id":5652,"date":"2025-12-23T03:33:49","date_gmt":"2025-12-23T03:33:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/?p=5652"},"modified":"2025-12-23T03:34:25","modified_gmt":"2025-12-23T03:34:25","slug":"gb-t-3098-26-2021-fastener-properties-plain-washers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/blog\/gb-t-3098-26-2021-fastener-properties-plain-washers\/","title":{"rendered":"GB\/T 3098.26-2021: Ba\u011flant\u0131 Eleman\u0131 \u00d6zellikleri \u2013 D\u00fcz Pullar"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Kapsam<\/span><\/h2>\n
\n

Bu standart, GB\/T 3098.1 ve GB\/T 3098.2'de tan\u0131mlanan performans s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131na uygun c\u0131vata, vida, saplama ve somunlarla c\u0131vatal\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131larda kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015f, karbon \u00e7eli\u011fi veya ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elikten yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f d\u00fcz rondelalar\u0131n mekanik ve fiziksel \u00f6zelliklerini belirtir. Bu \u00f6zellikler, 10\u00b0C ile 35\u00b0C aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131nda test edilir.<\/p>\n

Not 1: Bu d\u00fcz rondelalar, kendinden k\u0131lavuzlu vidalar gibi di\u011fer ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131yla da kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Belirtilen test ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda bu standard\u0131n gerekliliklerini kar\u015f\u0131layan d\u00fcz rondelalar, y\u00fcksek ve\/veya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda mekanik ve fiziksel \u00f6zelliklerini koruyamayabilir. Not 2: Bu belgeye uygun d\u00fcz rondelalar, -50\u00b0C ile +150\u00b0C aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in uygundur. -50\u00b0C ile +150\u00b0C aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 a\u015fan, +300\u00b0C'ye kadar olan s\u0131cakl\u0131klar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n ilgili uzmanlara dan\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n

Bu dok\u00fcman, kal\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 0,2 mm ile 12 mm aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen karbon \u00e7eli\u011fi veya ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elikten yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f d\u00fcz rondelalar ve montaj rondelalar\u0131 i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir, bunlar \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • D\u00fcz rondelalar (desenli, nerv\u00fcrl\u00fc veya pahl\u0131 olsun veya olmas\u0131n).<\/li>\n
  • Kare \u015feklinde d\u00fcz rondelalar.<\/li>\n
  • Kare delikli d\u00fcz rondelalar.<\/li>\n
  • \u00d6zel \u015fekilli d\u00fcz rondelalar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Bu standart a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki hususlar i\u00e7in gereksinim belirtmemektedir:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Korozyon direnci.<\/li>\n
    • Kaynaklanabilirlik.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Bu kapsam, ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131 montajlar\u0131nda g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in malzeme se\u00e7imi ve test ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgular. \u00d6rne\u011fin, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu uygulamalarda, termal genle\u015fme ve malzeme bozulmas\u0131 gibi ek hususlar de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Bu standart, mekanik m\u00fchendislik uygulamalar\u0131nda uyumluluk ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131 performans\u0131na y\u00f6nelik b\u00fct\u00fcnsel bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve sunmak \u00fczere di\u011fer GB\/T serisi belgelerle entegre olur. Kal\u0131nl\u0131k aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayarak, yayg\u0131n end\u00fcstriyel kullan\u0131mlara odaklan\u0131rken, anla\u015fmalar yoluyla geni\u015fletmelere de olanak tan\u0131r. Profesyoneller, denizcilik veya havac\u0131l\u0131k gibi \u00f6zel ortamlar i\u00e7in korozyon i\u00e7in ek standartlar\u0131n gerekli olabilece\u011fini unutmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Genel olarak, bu kapsam, d\u00fcz rondelalar\u0131n c\u0131vatal\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131larda y\u00fck da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na ve titre\u015fim direncine etkin bir \u015fekilde katk\u0131da bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 ve gev\u015feme veya malzeme yorgunlu\u011fu gibi ar\u0131zalar\u0131 \u00f6nlemesini sa\u011flar. Korozyon ve kaynaklanabilirli\u011fin hari\u00e7 tutulmas\u0131, bu y\u00f6nlerin ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 entegre sistem tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n gereklili\u011fini vurgular. Uygulamada, m\u00fchendisler genellikle dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bunu s\u0131cak dald\u0131rma galvanizleme i\u00e7in GB\/T 5267.3 gibi standartlarla birle\u015ftirirler. Bu kapsaml\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m, montaj performans\u0131n\u0131 optimize eden, bak\u0131m maliyetlerini azaltan ve yap\u0131sal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iyile\u015ftiren rondelalar\u0131n se\u00e7ilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Ayr\u0131ca, s\u0131cakl\u0131k y\u00f6nergeleri, paslanmaz \u00e7elik gibi alternatif malzemelerin tercih edilebilece\u011fi y\u00fcksek \u0131s\u0131 senaryolar\u0131nda yanl\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6nler. Belgenin karbon ve ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7eliklere odaklanmas\u0131, maliyet etkinli\u011fini mekanik dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131kla dengeleyerek otomotiv, in\u015faat ve makine sekt\u00f6rleri i\u00e7in uygun hale getirir. Bu parametrelere uyarak, \u00fcreticiler uluslararas\u0131 e\u015fde\u011ferleri kar\u015f\u0131layan tutarl\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnler \u00fcretebilir, b\u00f6ylece k\u00fcresel ticareti ve standardizasyonu kolayla\u015ft\u0131rabilirler.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n

      Semboller<\/h2>\n

      Bu belgede a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki semboller kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • d\u2081: Delik i\u00e7 \u00e7ap\u0131, milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
      • d\u2082: D\u0131\u015f \u00e7ap, milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
      • F: Y\u00fck, newton (N) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
      • G: Toplam dekarb\u00fcrizasyon tabakas\u0131 derinli\u011fi, milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
      • r: Destek ve bask\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki temas yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131, milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
      • t: D\u00fcz pulun nominal kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
      • t_eff: D\u00fcz rondelan\u0131n etkin kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, milimetre (mm) cinsinden.<\/li>\n
      • \u03b1: Destek ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 par\u00e7alar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki temas a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, derece (\u00b0).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Bu semboller, teknik dok\u00fcmantasyonda ileti\u015fimi standartla\u015ft\u0131rarak tasar\u0131m ve testlerde hassasiyeti sa\u011flar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, d\u2081 ve d\u2082, c\u0131vatalarla boyutsal uyumluluk i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir ve montaj hatalar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilecek yanl\u0131\u015f hizalamay\u0131 \u00f6nler. Y\u00fck F, ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya gerilimlerini sim\u00fcle eden performans testlerinde \u00f6nemlidir. Dekarb\u00fcrizasyon derinli\u011fi G, y\u00fczey b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle ilgilidir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 dekarb\u00fcrizasyon rondelay\u0131 zay\u0131flatabilir. Yar\u0131\u00e7ap r ve a\u00e7\u0131 \u03b1, temas ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde tekrarlamak i\u00e7in test d\u00fczeneklerinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Kal\u0131nl\u0131k parametreleri t ve t_eff, \u00fcretim varyasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 hesaba katarak y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesini etkiler. M\u00fchendislik prati\u011finde, bu semboller, rondelalar\u0131n kuvvetleri ba\u011flant\u0131 y\u00fczeylerine e\u015fit olarak yaymas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011fu gerilim da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 hesaplamalar\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6sterimleri anlamak, test sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 yorumlamak ve uyumlulu\u011fu sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir. Uluslararas\u0131 standartlarla uyumludurlar ve birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilirli\u011fi te\u015fvik ederler. Profesyoneller, spesifikasyonlarda hatalardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in bunlar\u0131 tutarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kullanmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, sonlu eleman analizinde, modellere girilen bu parametreler, y\u00fck alt\u0131nda rondela davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin eder. Bu sembolizm, belgenin kullan\u0131labilirli\u011fini art\u0131rarak kalite kontrol s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde h\u0131zl\u0131 referans sa\u011flar. Bu standart, s\u00f6z konusu unsurlar\u0131 erken a\u015famada tan\u0131mlayarak, malzeme ve testlerle ilgili sonraki b\u00f6l\u00fcmler i\u00e7in bir temel olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

        <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

        \n

        Atama Sistemi<\/h2>\n

        D\u00fcz rondelalar\u0131n performans s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 bir say\u0131 ve bir sembolden olu\u015fur:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Bu say\u0131, minimum Vickers sertlik de\u011ferini g\u00f6stermektedir (Tablo 3'e bak\u0131n\u0131z).<\/li>\n
        • HV harfleri Vickers sertlik derecesini belirtir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u00d6rnek: Tablo 3'e g\u00f6re minimum Vickers sertli\u011fi 200 olan \u00e7elik d\u00fcz pul, 200 HV olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

          Tablo 2 ve 3'e uygun olmas\u0131 durumunda, bu s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sistemi standart kal\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6tesindeki \u00f6zellikler i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli olabilir. Birden fazla performans s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015f olsa da, bunlar\u0131n hepsi her c\u0131vata, somun ve rondela tertibat\u0131 i\u00e7in uygun de\u011fildir. D\u00fcz rondela performans s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n c\u0131vata, vida, saplama ve somunlarla kombinasyonlar\u0131 Tablo 1'de g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

          \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Tablo 1: D\u00fcz Pullar\u0131n C\u0131vata, Vida, Saplama ve Somunlarla Kombinasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n Performans S\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131<\/caption>\n
          Di\u015fli Ba\u011flant\u0131 Elemanlar\u0131 (GB\/T 3098.1 ve GB\/T 3098.2'ye g\u00f6re)<\/th>\nD\u00fcz Pullar\u0131 E\u015fle\u015ftirme<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
          100 HV<\/th>\n140 HV<\/th>\n200 HVA<\/sup><\/th>\n300 HVA<\/sup><\/th>\n380 HVb,c<\/sup><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
          C\u0131vatalar, Vidalar ve Saplamalar<\/th>\nStandart Kuruyemi\u015fler ve Y\u00fcksek Kaliteli Kuruyemi\u015fler<\/th>\nPerformans S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 5.8<\/td>\n5<\/td>\nRCe<\/sup><\/td>\ne<\/sup><\/td>\ne<\/sup><\/td>\ne<\/sup><\/td>\ne<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          6.8<\/td>\n6<\/td>\nd,e<\/sup><\/td>\nRCe<\/sup><\/td>\nRCe<\/sup><\/td>\ne<\/sup><\/td>\ne<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          8.8<\/td>\n8<\/td>\nF<\/sup><\/td>\nF<\/sup><\/td>\nRCe<\/sup><\/td>\ne<\/sup><\/td>\ne<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          9.8, 10.9<\/td>\n10<\/td>\nF<\/sup><\/td>\nF<\/sup><\/td>\nd,e<\/sup><\/td>\nRCe<\/sup><\/td>\ne<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          12.9<\/td>\n12<\/td>\nF<\/sup><\/td>\nF<\/sup><\/td>\nF<\/sup><\/td>\nd,e<\/sup><\/td>\nRCe<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

          RC: \u00d6nerilen kombinasyon.
          \nA<\/sup> GB\/T 9074.1 ve GB\/T 97.4 standartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, c\u0131vata ve rondela tak\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fcr\u00fcn standartlar\u0131nda 200 HV ve 300 HV s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 uygulanmaktad\u0131r.
          \nB<\/sup> 380 HV mevcut \u00fcr\u00fcn standartlar\u0131nda yer almamaktad\u0131r; kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in tedarik\u00e7i-al\u0131c\u0131 anla\u015fmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.
          \nC<\/sup> 380 HV i\u00e7in, c\u0131vata ba\u011flant\u0131 tasar\u0131m\u0131, \u00f6zellikle oluklu veya hav\u015fa ba\u015fl\u0131 rondelalarda b\u00fck\u00fclme ve \u00e7ekme gerilimlerini \u00f6nlemelidir.
          \nD<\/sup> Ba\u011flant\u0131 tasar\u0131m\u0131 ve kurulumu do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015fsa, dipnot d ile belirtilen kombinasyonlar kullan\u0131labilir.
          \ne<\/sup> Kal\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f basamakl\u0131 \u00e7izginin \u00fczerindeki kombinasyonlar c\u0131vatal\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131lar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.
          \nF<\/sup> Kal\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f basamakl\u0131 \u00e7izginin alt\u0131ndaki kombinasyonlar (gri alanlar) kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

          Di\u015f a\u00e7an vidalar ve yumu\u015fak malzemeleri (\u00f6rne\u011fin plastik, ah\u015fap) birle\u015ftiren vidalar i\u00e7in, d\u00fcz rondela ile kombinasyonlar\u0131n performans s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131, kullan\u0131m amac\u0131na g\u00f6re belirlenmelidir.<\/p>\n

          Bu s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sistemi, g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik \u00f6neme sahip olan montajlarda izlenebilirlik ve uyumlulu\u011fu sa\u011flar. Sertli\u011fi performans s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirerek, m\u00fchendislerin c\u0131vata mukavemetine uygun rondelalar se\u00e7mesine ve eksik veya fazla spesifikasyondan ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r. Tablo 1'deki \u00f6neriler, s\u0131yr\u0131lma veya \u00e7atlama gibi ar\u0131zalara neden olabilecek uyumsuzluklar\u0131 \u00f6nler. K\u00f6pr\u00fcler gibi y\u00fcksek y\u00fck uygulamalar\u0131nda, 380 HV gibi daha y\u00fcksek s\u0131n\u0131flar \u00fcst\u00fcn diren\u00e7 sa\u011flar, ancak hidrojen gevrekli\u011fi risklerini azaltmak i\u00e7in dikkatli bir tasar\u0131m gerektirir (bkz. GB\/Z 41117). Sistemin standart d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kal\u0131nl\u0131klara y\u00f6nelik esnekli\u011fi, \u00f6zel uygulamalar\u0131 destekler. Genel olarak, standardizasyonu te\u015fvik ederek tedarik ve montajda hatalar\u0131 azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

          \n

          Malzemeler<\/h2>\n

          Tablo 2, farkl\u0131 performans s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131ndaki d\u00fcz rondelalarda kullan\u0131lan karbon \u00e7eli\u011fi ve ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7eli\u011fin kimyasal bile\u015fim s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. Bu bile\u015fimler ilgili ulusal standartlara uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

          Not:<\/strong> Ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elik, yay \u00e7eli\u011fi ve d\u00fcz rondelalar i\u00e7in uygun ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 yay \u00e7eli\u011fini i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

          S\u0131cak dald\u0131rma galvanizleme gerektiren rondelalar i\u00e7in malzemeler GB\/T 5267.3 gerekliliklerini kar\u015f\u0131lamal\u0131d\u0131r. Montajlar bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak su verilip temperleniyorsa, i\u015flenmemi\u015f rondelalar tedarik edilebilir; bu gibi durumlarda, GB\/T 9074.1'e g\u00f6re kimyasal bile\u015fim kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 anla\u015fma ile belirlenir.<\/p>\n

          GB\/T 97.5 standard\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fczey sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f kendinden k\u0131lavuzlu vidal\u0131 montajlarda, rondela karbon i\u00e7eri\u011fi 0,12%'yi ge\u00e7memelidir. Her \u00fcretim partisinde ayn\u0131 \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flemden elde edilen malzeme kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

          \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Tablo 2: Malzemeler<\/caption>\n
          Performans S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/th>\nMalzeme ve S\u00fcre\u00e7<\/th>\nKimyasal Bile\u015fim S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 (D\u00f6k\u00fcm Analizi)ABC<\/sup> %<\/th>\nMinimum Is\u0131tma S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131b,c<\/sup> \u00b0C<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
          Malzeme<\/th>\n\u0130\u015flem<\/th>\nC<\/th>\nP<\/th>\nS<\/th>\nBD<\/sup><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
          dakika<\/th>\nmaksimum<\/th>\nmaksimum<\/th>\nmaksimum<\/th>\nmaksimum<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          100 HV<\/td>\nKarbon \u00c7elik<\/td>\nS\u0131cak Haddelenmi\u015f veya So\u011fuk Haddelenmi\u015f<\/td>\nTablo 3'teki \u015fartlar kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, \u00fcretici taraf\u0131ndan malzeme se\u00e7imi.<\/td>\nNA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          140 HV<\/td>\nKarbon \u00c7elik<\/td>\nS\u0131cak Haddelenmi\u015f veya So\u011fuk Haddelenmi\u015f<\/td>\nTablo 3'teki \u015fartlar kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, \u00fcretici taraf\u0131ndan malzeme se\u00e7imi.<\/td>\nNA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          200 HVe<\/sup><\/td>\nKarbon \u00c7elik<\/td>\nS\u0131cak Haddelenmi\u015f, So\u011fuk Haddelenmi\u015f veya Su Verilerek Is\u0131l \u0130\u015flem G\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f<\/td>\nTablo 3'teki \u015fartlar kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, \u00fcretici taraf\u0131ndan malzeme se\u00e7imi.<\/td>\nNA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          300 HVF<\/sup><\/td>\nKarbon \u00c7elikG<\/sup><\/td>\nSu verilmi\u015f ve temperlenmi\u015f<\/td>\n0.17<\/td>\n0.80<\/td>\n0.035<\/td>\n0.035<\/td>\n0.003<\/td>\n425<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00c7elikH<\/sup><\/td>\nSu verilmi\u015f ve temperlenmi\u015f<\/td>\n0.14<\/td>\n1.3<\/td>\n0.035<\/td>\n0.035<\/td>\n0.003<\/td>\n425<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          380 HVf,i<\/sup><\/td>\nKarbon \u00c7elikG<\/sup><\/td>\nSu verilmi\u015f ve temperlenmi\u015f<\/td>\n0.4<\/td>\n0.8<\/td>\n0.035<\/td>\n0.035<\/td>\n0.003<\/td>\n425<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00c7elikH<\/sup><\/td>\nSu verilmi\u015f ve temperlenmi\u015f<\/td>\n0.2<\/td>\n1.3<\/td>\n0.035<\/td>\n0.035<\/td>\n0.003<\/td>\n380<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

          NA: Uygulanamaz.
          \nA<\/sup> Anla\u015fmazl\u0131k durumlar\u0131nda \u00fcr\u00fcn analizi yap\u0131n.
          \nB<\/sup> Montaj rondelalar\u0131 i\u00e7in GB\/T 9074.1 veya GB\/T 97.4'e bak\u0131n\u0131z; bile\u015fim ve temperleme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015fma ile belirlenir.
          \nC<\/sup> \u00d6zel uygulamalar i\u00e7in (\u00f6rne\u011fin, s\u0131cak dald\u0131rma galvanizleme), bile\u015fim ve temperleme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 anla\u015fma ile belirlenir.
          \nD<\/sup> Maksimum bor miktar\u0131 0,003% olup, titanyum\/al\u00fcminyum taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilen etkisiz bor miktar\u0131 ise 0,005%'ye kadar \u00e7\u0131kabilir.
          \ne<\/sup> 200 HV rondelalar uygun ham maddeler kullan\u0131larak \u00fcretilebilir veya \u00fcretim sonras\u0131 sertle\u015ftirme ve temperleme i\u015flemine tabi tutulabilir; Tablo 3'teki ko\u015fullar kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131yorsa, bu i\u015flem \u00fcretici taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131r.
          \nF<\/sup> Malzemelerin, temperleme i\u015fleminden \u00f6nce \u00e7ekirdekte ~90% martensit olu\u015fumu i\u00e7in yeterli sertle\u015fme kabiliyetine sahip olmas\u0131 gerekir.
          \nG<\/sup> Karbon \u00e7eli\u011fi krom, manganez, nikel vb. i\u00e7erebilir.
          \nH<\/sup> Ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elikler en az bir element i\u00e7erir: Cr 0.30%, Mn 0.20%, Ni 0.30%, V 0.10%, Mo 0.08%, B 0.0008%. Kombinasyonlar i\u00e7in, bireysel minimumlar\u0131n toplam\u0131 en az 70% olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
          \nBen<\/sup> Hidrojen gevrekli\u011fi i\u00e7in GB\/Z 41117'ye bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

          Malzeme \u00f6zellikleri, rondelalar\u0131n gerekli sertlik ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Karbon limitleri mukavemeti kontrol ederken, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck fosfor ve k\u00fck\u00fcrt k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011f\u0131 en aza indirir. Ala\u015f\u0131m elementleri, daha y\u00fcksek s\u0131n\u0131flar i\u00e7in sertle\u015febilirli\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131r. Tavlama s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sertle\u015fmeyi \u00f6nleyerek \u00e7atlama riskini azalt\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm, \u00f6zellikle titre\u015fim direncinin \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu otomotiv gibi sekt\u00f6rlerde, tutarl\u0131 performans i\u00e7in \u00e7elik se\u00e7iminde \u00fcreticilere rehberlik eder. \u0130lgili standartlara uyum, galvanizleme uyumlulu\u011funu sa\u011flayarak kaplama yap\u0131\u015fma hatas\u0131 gibi sorunlar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

          \n

          Mekanik ve Fiziksel \u00d6zellikler<\/h2>\n

          Belirtilen performans s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131na ait d\u00fcz rondelalar, \u00fcretim s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya son muayenede test edilsinler, ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Tablo 3'te belirtilen mekanik ve fiziksel \u00f6zelliklere sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

          B\u00f6l\u00fcm 6, Tablo 3'e uygunlu\u011fu do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli test y\u00f6ntemlerini ve tahkim prosed\u00fcrlerini sa\u011flar. 380 HV s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 rondelalar i\u00e7in, belirtildi\u011fi takdirde Ek A'ya g\u00f6re s\u00fcneklik testi gereklidir.<\/p>\n

          \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Tablo 3: Mekanik ve Fiziksel \u00d6zellikler<\/caption>\n
          M\u00fclk<\/th>\n100 HV<\/th>\n140 HV<\/th>\n200 HV<\/th>\n300 HV<\/th>\n380 HVA<\/sup><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          Vickers Sertli\u011fi HV<\/td>\ndakika<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n140<\/td>\n200<\/td>\n300<\/td>\n380<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          maksimum<\/td>\n200B<\/sup><\/td>\n250<\/td>\n300<\/td>\n370<\/td>\n450<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Rockwell Sertli\u011fi HRC<\/td>\ndakika<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n39<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          maksimum<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n39<\/td>\n45<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          K\u0131smi Dekarb\u00fcrizasyon HV0.3<\/td>\nmaksimum<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\nC<\/sup><\/td>\n30D<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Toplam Dekarb\u00fcrizasyon Derinli\u011fi G<\/td>\nmaksimum<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\nC<\/sup><\/td>\nt_eff 2% veya 0,02 mme<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Karb\u00fcrizasyon HV0.3<\/td>\nmaksimum<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\nC<\/sup><\/td>\n30F<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Yeniden temperleme sonras\u0131 sertlik azalmas\u0131 HV10<\/td>\nmaksimum<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n20<\/td>\n20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

          A<\/sup> 380 HV mevcut \u00fcr\u00fcn standartlar\u0131nda yer almamaktad\u0131r; kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in anla\u015fma gereklidir.
          \nB<\/sup> 250 HV'luk maksimum de\u011feri a\u015fmak, reddedilme nedeni de\u011fildir.
          \nC<\/sup> T\u0131rt\u0131ll\u0131 veya oluklu rondelalar i\u00e7in limitler 380 HV'deki gibidir.
          \nD<\/sup> Kesit \u00fczerinde 6.2.3'e g\u00f6re \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr; destek y\u00fczeyinden 0,1 mm uzakl\u0131ktaki sertlik \u2265 merkez sertli\u011fi \u2013 30 HV.
          \ne<\/sup> Hangisi daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckse.
          \nF<\/sup> Kesit \u00fczerinde 6.3'e g\u00f6re \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr; destek y\u00fczeyinden 0,1 mm uzakl\u0131ktaki sertlik \u2264 merkez sertli\u011fi + 30 HV.<\/p>\n

          Bu \u00f6zellikler, rondelalar\u0131n deformasyon veya ar\u0131za olmadan bas\u0131n\u00e7 y\u00fcklerine dayanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Sertlik aral\u0131klar\u0131, mukavemet ve s\u00fcnekli\u011fi dengeleyerek \u00e7atlamay\u0131 \u00f6nler. Dekarb\u00fcrizasyon ve karb\u00fcrizasyon kontrolleri, kaplamal\u0131 rondelalarda korozyon direnci i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli olan y\u00fczey b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korur. Yeniden temperleme s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flemin yeterlili\u011fini do\u011frular. Uygulamalarda, bu \u00f6zellikler, \u00f6rne\u011fin titre\u015fimin ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 gev\u015fetebilece\u011fi makinelerde, g\u00fcvenilir ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 destekler. B\u00f6l\u00fcm 6'ya g\u00f6re uygunluk testi kaliteyi garanti eder.<\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

          \n

          Test Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/h2>\n

          Sertlik Testi<\/h3>\n

          Genel<\/h4>\n

          Sertlik testi, sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve temperlenmi\u015f rondelalar i\u00e7in Tablo 3'teki minimum\/maksimum de\u011ferlere ve malzeme gereksinimlerine uygunlu\u011fu do\u011frulamay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Montaj sonras\u0131 i\u015flem g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olanlar hari\u00e7, t\u00fcm s\u0131n\u0131flar i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir ve al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 haliyle test edilir.<\/p>\n

          Tablo 4'e g\u00f6re uygun y\u00fczeylerde veya kesitlerde i\u015flemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirin.<\/p>\n

          \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Tablo 4: Sertlik Testleri<\/caption>\n
          Performans S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/th>\nRutin Muayene<\/th>\nTahkim Denetimi<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          100 HV<\/td>\n6.1.2'ye g\u00f6re destek y\u00fczeyi<\/td>\n6.1.2'ye g\u00f6re destek y\u00fczeyi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          140 HV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          200 HVA<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          300 HV<\/td>\n6.1.3'e g\u00f6re kesit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          380 HV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

          A<\/sup> \u0130ste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak 200 HV sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve temperlenmi\u015f numuneler i\u00e7in, kesit testi sonucunda anla\u015fmazl\u0131k olmas\u0131 durumunda tahkim yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

          Y\u00fczeydeki Vickers Sertli\u011fi<\/h4>\n

          \u015eekil 1'e g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131f ve kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak test y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc se\u00e7in. Uygun bir Vickers y\u00fck\u00fc yoksa Rockwell y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n

          \u00d6rnek: 0,3 mm kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 300 HV'lik bir rondela i\u00e7in HV5 kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n

          \u00a0Y\u00fczeydeki Rockwell Sertli\u011fi<\/h4>\n

          \u015eekil 2'deki gibi s\u0131n\u0131f ve kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6re y\u00fck se\u00e7in. Uygun bir Rockwell y\u00fck\u00fc yoksa Vickers'\u0131 kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n

          \u00d6rnek: 0,5 mm kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 380 HV'lik rondela i\u00e7in 294 N (HR30N) kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n

          Test Prosed\u00fcr\u00fc<\/h4>\n

          Kaplamalar\u0131\/oksitleri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n, destek y\u00fczeyinde yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131nda test edin. Galvanizli y\u00fczeyler i\u00e7in ge\u00e7i\u015f katman\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n. Boyut izin veriyorsa, 120\u00b0 a\u00e7\u0131yla \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn ortalamas\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131n.<\/p>\n

          100 HV, 140 HV, 200 HV i\u00e7in Gereksinimler<\/h4>\n

          Rutin: 6.1.2'ye g\u00f6re, Tablo 3'\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131lay\u0131n. Tahkim: \u015eekil 1'e g\u00f6re Vickers; t_eff > 0,5 mm i\u00e7in, alt y\u00fck \u2265 HV1.<\/p>\n

          300 HV ve 380 HV i\u00e7in Gereksinimler<\/h4>\n

          Rutin: 6.1.2'ye g\u00f6re, Tablo 3'\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131lay\u0131n. Tahkim: 6.1.3'e g\u00f6re kesitsel.<\/p>\n

          Radyal Kesit Sertlik Testi<\/h4>\n

          Genel<\/h5>\n

          GB\/T 4340.1 standard\u0131na g\u00f6re, sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve temperlenmi\u015f rondelalar i\u00e7in Vickers sertli\u011fi.<\/p>\n

          Prosed\u00fcr<\/h5>\n

          Delik merkezinden radyal kesit al\u0131n, yerle\u015ftirin\/monte edin, metalografi i\u00e7in ta\u015flay\u0131n\/parlat\u0131n. \u015eekil 3'e g\u00f6re orta kesitte test edin; m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse en az \u00fc\u00e7 noktan\u0131n ortalamas\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131n.<\/p>\n

          1: Test alan\u0131 (yar\u0131\u00e7ap 0,25 t_eff).<\/p>\n

          Gereksinimler<\/h5>\n

          Tablo 3'e bak\u0131n. E\u011fer 0,25 t_eff yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131nda fark > 30 HV ise, Tablo 2'ye g\u00f6re ~90% martensitini do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n

          Dekarb\u00fcrizasyon Testi<\/h3>\n

          Genel<\/h4>\n

          300 HV t\u0131rt\u0131ll\u0131\/kanatl\u0131 ve t\u00fcm 380 HV rondelalar i\u00e7in y\u00fczey dekarb\u00fcrizasyonunu tespit eder. Alanlar \u015eekil 4'e g\u00f6re g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

          1: Destek y\u00fczeyi; 2: Tam dekarbonizasyon tabakas\u0131; 3: K\u0131smi dekarbonizasyon tabakas\u0131; 4: Ana metal; x: Test alan\u0131 yok.<\/p>\n

          Metalografik Y\u00f6ntem<\/h4>\n

          Numune Haz\u0131rlama<\/h5>\n

          Kaplamalar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n, radyal kesit al\u0131n, yerle\u015ftirin\/monte edin, ta\u015flay\u0131n\/parlat\u0131n. Not: De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in 3% nital ile a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma yap\u0131n.<\/p>\n

          Prosed\u00fcr<\/h5>\n

          100x b\u00fcy\u00fctme ile inceleyin; \u00f6l\u00e7ek veya g\u00f6z merce\u011fi kullanarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

          Gereksinimler<\/h5>\n

          Tablo 3'e g\u00f6re Max G.<\/p>\n

          Sertlik Y\u00f6ntemi<\/h4>\n

          Numune Haz\u0131rlama<\/h5>\n

          t \u2265 0,4 mm i\u00e7in; a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma yapmadan 6.2.2.1'deki talimatlara g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlay\u0131n.<\/p>\n

          Prosed\u00fcr<\/h5>\n

          \u015eekil 5'teki 1 ve 2 numaral\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm noktalar\u0131n\u0131 HV0.3 (2.942 N) ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

          Karbon giderme yok: HV(2) > HV(1) \u2013 30 HV; Karbonlama yok: HV(2) \u2264 HV(1) + 30 HV. 1: Merkez; 2: Y\u00fczeyden 0,1 mm uzakl\u0131kta.<\/p>\n

          Gereksinimler<\/h5>\n

          HV(2) \u2265 HV(1) \u2013 30 HV. Not: Tablo 3'teki maksimum G i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

          Karb\u00fcrizasyon Testi<\/h3>\n

          Genel<\/h4>\n

          300 HV t\u0131rt\u0131ll\u0131\/kanatl\u0131 ve t\u00fcm 380 HV rondelalar i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem s\u0131ras\u0131nda y\u00fczey karbonla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 tespit eder (t \u2265 0,4 mm). Radyal kesit sertli\u011fi \u00fczerinden \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

          Prosed\u00fcr<\/h4>\n

          6.2.2.1'e g\u00f6re a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma yapmadan haz\u0131rlay\u0131n; \u015eekil 5'e g\u00f6re HV0.3 ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm yap\u0131n.<\/p>\n

          Gereksinimler<\/h4>\n

          HV(2) \u2264 HV(1) + 30 HV. A\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 karb\u00fcrle\u015fmeyi g\u00f6sterir. Ek olarak, Tablo 3'e g\u00f6re 300 HV i\u00e7in destek y\u00fczeyi \u2264 370 HV0.3, 380 HV i\u00e7in \u2264 450 HV0.3't\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

          Yeniden Is\u0131l \u0130\u015flem Testi<\/p>\n

          Genel<\/h4>\n

          300 HV ve 380 HV rondelalar i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flemde minimum temperleme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frular.<\/p>\n

          Prosed\u00fcr<\/h4>\n

          \u015eekil 3'teki alanda (\u00fc\u00e7 nokta) Vickers de\u011ferini \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcn. Tablo 2'deki de\u011ferin 10\u00b0C alt\u0131nda bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta tekrar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131n, 30 dakika bekletin; ayn\u0131 alanda tekrar \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

          Gereksinimler<\/h4>\n

          Yeniden temperleme i\u015fleminden sonra ortalama sertlik azalmas\u0131 < 20 HV.<\/p>\n

          Test y\u00f6ntemleri, g\u00fcvenilirlik i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahip standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f prosed\u00fcrler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla rondela kalitesini sa\u011flar. Sertlik testleri malzeme mukavemetini do\u011frular, dekarb\u00fcrizasyon\/karb\u00fcrizasyon kontrolleri ise y\u00fczey zay\u0131fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler. Yeniden temperleme, \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flemi do\u011frular ve k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nler. Bu y\u00f6ntemler uluslararas\u0131 uygulamalarla uyumludur ve tutarl\u0131 \u00fcretim sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

          \n

          \u0130\u015faretleme<\/h2>\n

          Genel<\/h3>\n

          Bu belgeye g\u00f6re \u00fcretilen rondelalar, yaln\u0131zca tam uyumluluk sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde B\u00f6l\u00fcm 3'e g\u00f6re i\u015faretlenebilir.<\/p>\n

          Pul \u0130\u015faretleme<\/h3>\n

          \u00dcretici karar\u0131 veya anla\u015fmas\u0131yla; e\u011fer anla\u015fma sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015fsa, \u00fcretici kimli\u011fi ve performans s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 eklenmelidir. Kendi kimli\u011fini kullanan distrib\u00fct\u00f6rler \u00fcretici olarak kabul edilir. Kabartmal\u0131 i\u015faretleme yap\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r; tork s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma etkileri veya gerilim yo\u011funla\u015fmalar\u0131 nedeniyle girintili i\u015faretleme \u00f6nerilmez. Lazer gibi dayan\u0131kl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemler kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131f, Tablo 5 koduna veya saat kadran\u0131 sembollerine g\u00f6re i\u015faretlenmelidir.<\/p>\n

          Paket \u0130\u015faretleme<\/h3>\n

          T\u00fcm paketler, \u00fcretici\/sat\u0131c\u0131 kimli\u011fi, B\u00f6l\u00fcm 3'e g\u00f6re performans s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve GB\/T 3099.4'e g\u00f6re parti numaras\u0131 ile etiketlenmelidir.<\/p>\n

          \u0130\u015faretleme, kalite kontrol\u00fc ve sorumluluk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan izlenebilirli\u011fi sa\u011flar. Sahte \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00f6nler ve geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rma i\u015flemlerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Tedarik zincirlerinde, do\u011fru i\u015faretleme envanter y\u00f6netimini ve uyumluluk do\u011frulamas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

          \n

          Ek A: 380 HV Performans S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 Rondelalar i\u00e7in S\u00fcneklik Testi<\/h2>\n

          A.1 Genel<\/h3>\n

          \u00dcretim s\u0131ras\u0131nda rondelalar\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lgan hale gelip gelmedi\u011fini belirler. M\u00fc\u015fteri talebi \u00fczerine, kaplamalar dahil olmak \u00fczere bitmi\u015f rondelalara uygulanabilir.<\/p>\n

          A.2 Test Prosed\u00fcr\u00fc<\/h3>\n

          Kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u03b1 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131 destek ve girinti kullan\u0131n; minimum 60 HRC sertlik, ta\u015flanm\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyler. Konsantrik yuvarlak rondelalar i\u00e7in \u015eekil A.1'deki gibi konik temas noktalar\u0131 kullan\u0131n. Di\u011ferleri i\u00e7in \u015eekil A.2'deki gibi V \u015feklinde temas noktalar\u0131 kullan\u0131n. Rondelay\u0131 cihaza yerle\u015ftirin; \u00f6nce montaj par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6k\u00fcn. Eksenleri hizalay\u0131n. Tam temas sa\u011flanana kadar eksenel y\u00fck\u00fc sabit bir \u015fekilde uygulay\u0131n; 2 dakika bekleyin, y\u00fck\u00fc kald\u0131r\u0131n.<\/p>\n

          A.3 Gereksinimler<\/h3>\n

          K\u0131r\u0131k yok. Hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fse, k\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndan kesin; iki par\u00e7aya ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ar\u0131zay\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

          Bu ek, y\u00fcksek sertlikteki rondelalar\u0131n s\u00fcnekli\u011fini do\u011frular ve kullan\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda gevrek ar\u0131zalar\u0131 \u00f6nler. G\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik uygulamalar i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir; rondelalar\u0131n y\u00fck alt\u0131nda k\u0131r\u0131lmadan deforme olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

          \n

          SSS<\/h2>\n
            \n
          1. Bu standarda g\u00f6re d\u00fcz rondelalar i\u00e7in uygun s\u0131cakl\u0131k aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedir?<\/strong> \u00d6nerilen kullan\u0131m s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 -50\u00b0C ile +150\u00b0C aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. +300\u00b0C'ye kadar olan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131klar i\u00e7in, m\u00fclk\u00fcn korunmas\u0131 konusunda uzmanlara dan\u0131\u015f\u0131n.<\/li>\n
          2. C\u0131vata tak\u0131m\u0131m i\u00e7in uygun performans s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l se\u00e7erim?<\/strong> \u00d6nerilen kombinasyonlar (RC) i\u00e7in Tablo 1'e bak\u0131n\u0131z. Eklem ar\u0131zas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilecek uyumsuzluklar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in gri alanlardan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n; dipnot d kombinasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z tasar\u0131m\u0131 do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/li>\n
          3. E\u011fer rondelalar\u0131m\u0131n s\u0131cak dald\u0131rma galvanizleme i\u015flemine ihtiyac\u0131 olursa ne olacak?<\/strong> Malzemeler GB\/T 5267.3 standard\u0131na uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kimyasal bile\u015fim ve temperleme, \u00f6zel uygulamalar i\u00e7in tedarik\u00e7i-al\u0131c\u0131 anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirebilir.<\/li>\n
          4. Y\u00fcksek performansl\u0131 ara\u00e7lar i\u00e7in dekarb\u00fcrizasyon testi neden \u00f6nemlidir?<\/strong> A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 dekarb\u00fcrizasyon y\u00fczeyi zay\u0131flat\u0131r ve y\u00fck alt\u0131nda ar\u0131za riskini art\u0131r\u0131r. Testler, \u00f6zellikle 380 HV rondelalar i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc koruyarak Tablo 3'teki limitleri sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n
          5. 380 HV rondelalar\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapmadan kullanabilir miyim?<\/strong> Hay\u0131r, mevcut \u00fcr\u00fcn standartlar\u0131nda yer alm\u0131yorlar. Kullan\u0131m, b\u00fck\u00fclme veya \u00e7ekme gerilimlerini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in tasar\u0131m hususlar\u0131n\u0131 dikkate alan bir protokol gerektirir.<\/li>\n
          6. Is\u0131l i\u015flem kalitesini do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in yeniden temperleme testi nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong> Ek temperleme i\u015fleminden sonra sertlik azalmas\u0131n\u0131n \u226420 HV olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol ederek, orijinal i\u015flemin Tablo 2'deki minimum s\u0131cakl\u0131klara uygun oldu\u011funu ve k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nlendi\u011fini do\u011frular.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Scope This standard specifies the mechanical and physical properties of plain washers made from carbon steel or alloy steel, intended for use in bolted connections with bolts, screws, studs, and nuts conforming to performance classes defined in GB\/T 3098.1 and GB\/T 3098.2. These properties are tested under ambient temperatures ranging from 10\u00b0C to 35\u00b0C. Note […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[220],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5652","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technical-documentation-and-references"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5652","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5652"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5652\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5654,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5652\/revisions\/5654"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5652"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5652"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5652"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}