{"id":5582,"date":"2025-12-22T08:33:37","date_gmt":"2025-12-22T08:33:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/?p=5582"},"modified":"2025-12-22T08:34:32","modified_gmt":"2025-12-22T08:34:32","slug":"gb-t-3103-3-2020-flat-washer-tolerances-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/blog\/gb-t-3103-3-2020-flat-washer-tolerances-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"GB\/T 3103.3-2020 D\u00fcz Pul Toleranslar\u0131 K\u0131lavuzu"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section admin_label=”section”]
\n\t\t\t[et_pb_row admin_label=”row”]
\n\t\t\t\t[et_pb_column type=”4_4″][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text”]<\/p>\n

\n

<\/p>\n

GB\/T 3103.3-2020 D\u00fcz Pul Toleranslar\u0131 K\u0131lavuzu<\/h1>\n
D\u00fcz Pullar \u0130\u00e7in Toleranslar<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

1. Giri\u015f<\/h2>\n

D\u00fcz rondelalar, y\u00fckleri da\u011f\u0131tarak, y\u00fczey hasar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyerek ve montaj b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flayarak ba\u011flant\u0131 sistemlerinde kritik bir rol oynar. GB\/T 3103.3-2020 standard\u0131, A, C ve F \u00fcr\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131na uygulanabilir, nominal \u00e7aplar\u0131 1 mm ile 150 mm aras\u0131nda olan d\u00fcz rondelalar i\u00e7in toleranslar\u0131 belirtir. Bu standart, makine m\u00fchendisli\u011fi, otomotiv, havac\u0131l\u0131k ve in\u015faat sekt\u00f6rlerinde hassasiyetin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/p>\n

ISO 4759-3:2016'dan uyarlanan bu k\u0131lavuz, uluslararas\u0131 uygulamalarla uyumlulu\u011fu sa\u011flayarak kalite kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilirli\u011fi destekler. \u0130\u00e7 delik, d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ap, kal\u0131nl\u0131k, pahlar ve \u015fekil\/konum \u00f6zelliklerine ili\u015fkin toleranslar\u0131 detayland\u0131ran bu k\u0131lavuz, m\u00fchendislere tasar\u0131m ve tedarik s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

2. GB\/T 3103.3-2020 Standard\u0131na Genel Bak\u0131\u015f<\/h2>\n

\u00c7in Standardizasyon \u0130daresi taraf\u0131ndan 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan bu standart, ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131 teknolojisindeki k\u00fcresel geli\u015fmelerle uyumlu hale getirmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nceki s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri g\u00fcncelliyor. Kilitli rondela gibi \u00f6zel tipler hari\u00e7, c\u0131vata, vida ve somunlarla kullan\u0131lan d\u00fcz rondelalar i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n

Temel i\u00e7erik, y\u00fczey i\u015fleminden \u00f6nce boyut toleranslar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir ve sapmalara yaln\u0131zca teknik olarak gerek\u00e7elendirildi\u011finde izin verilir. \u015eekil ve konum toleranslar\u0131 GB\/T 1182 ve GB\/T 16671 standartlar\u0131na uygundur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

3. D\u00fcz Pul Toleranslar\u0131n\u0131n Temel Prensipleri<\/h2>\n

Toleranslar, rondelalar\u0131n montajlara tam olarak oturmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak, yanl\u0131\u015f hizalama veya a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bo\u015fluktan kaynaklanan ar\u0131zalar\u0131 \u00f6nler. Bu toleranslar, A (hassas), C (genel) ve F (ince) \u00fcr\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 i\u00e7in tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aksi belirtilmedik\u00e7e, toleranslar \u00f6n i\u015flem i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fl\u0131ca parametreler aras\u0131nda i\u00e7 \u00e7ap (d) yer almaktad\u0131r.1<\/sub>), d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ap (d2<\/sub>(t), kal\u0131nl\u0131k (t), pahlar (c)1<\/sub>, C2<\/sub>), ve e\u015f eksenlilik ve d\u00fczl\u00fck gibi \u015fekil toleranslar\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

4. Detayl\u0131 Tolerans Spesifikasyonlar\u0131<\/h2>\n
4.1 \u0130\u00e7 Delik d1<\/sub><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7 delik d i\u00e7in toleranslar1<\/sub> Kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa ve \u00fcr\u00fcn kalitesine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Kal\u0131nl\u0131k<\/th>\nToleranslar<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00dcr\u00fcn Kalitesi<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/th>\nA<\/th>\nC<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
t < 2
\n2 \u2264 t < 4
\nt \u2265 4<\/td>\n		D1<\/sub>
\nTolerans<\/td>\n		T1<\/sub>
\ndakika<\/td>\n		e1<\/sub>
\nmaksimum<\/td>\n		D1<\/sub>
\nTolerans<\/td>\n		T1<\/sub>
\ndakika<\/td>\n		e1<\/sub>
\nmaksimum<\/td>\n		D1<\/sub>
\nTolerans<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H12<\/td>\n0,5 ton<\/td>\n0,10 t<\/td>\nH13<\/td>\n0,3 ton<\/td>\n0,15 t<\/td>\nH14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H12<\/td>\n0,3 ton<\/td>\n0,15 t<\/td>\nH13<\/td>\n0,25 ton<\/td>\n0,20 ton<\/td>\nH14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H13<\/td>\n0,2 ton<\/td>\n0,20 ton<\/td>\nH14<\/td>\n0,2 ton<\/td>\n0,25 ton<\/td>\nH15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c7apak alma i\u015flemi tan\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f ancak izin verilmi\u015ftir.<\/td>\nG\u00f6z band\u0131 (e1<\/sub>), T1<\/sub> ve \u00e7apak alma tan\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f ancak izin verilmi\u015ftir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T1<\/sub> deli\u011fin d tolerans\u0131 dahilindeki k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r.1<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
4.2 D\u0131\u015f \u00c7ap d2<\/sub><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Kal\u0131nl\u0131k<\/th>\nToleranslar<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00dcr\u00fcn Kalitesi<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/th>\nA<\/th>\nC<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
t < 2
\n2 \u2264 t < 4
\nt \u2265 4<\/td>\n		D2<\/sub>
\nTolerans<\/td>\n		e2<\/sub>
\nmaksimum<\/td>\n		D2<\/sub>
\nTolerans<\/td>\n		e2<\/sub>
\nmaksimum<\/td>\n		D2<\/sub>
\nTolerans<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
h13<\/td>\n0,13 t<\/td>\nh14<\/td>\n0,18 t<\/td>\nh16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
h13<\/td>\n0,15 t<\/td>\nh14<\/td>\n0,20 ton<\/td>\nh16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
h14<\/td>\n0,18 t<\/td>\nh15<\/td>\n0,25 ton<\/td>\nh16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Burring ve t2<\/sub> tan\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f ancak izin verilmi\u015f<\/td>\nG\u00f6z band\u0131 (e2<\/sub>), T2<\/sub> ve \u00e7apak alma tan\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f ancak izin verilmi\u015ftir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T2<\/sub> D\u0131\u015f \u00e7ap\u0131n, belirtilen d tolerans\u0131 i\u00e7indeki k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r.2<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
4.3 Kal\u0131nl\u0131k t<\/div>\n

\u00c7apak alma i\u015fleminden sonra \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen kal\u0131nl\u0131k toleranslar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Kal\u0131nl\u0131k t<\/th>\n\u00dcr\u00fcn Kalitesi<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/th>\nA<\/th>\nC<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
t \u2264 0,5<\/td>\n\u00b10,04<\/td>\n\u00b10,05<\/td>\n\u00b10,10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0,5 < t \u2264 1<\/td>\n\u00b10,06<\/td>\n\u00b10,10<\/td>\n\u00b10,20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1 < t \u2264 2,5<\/td>\n\u00b10,12<\/td>\n\u00b10,20<\/td>\n\u00b10,30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2,5 < t \u2264 4<\/td>\n\u00b10,16<\/td>\n\u00b10,30<\/td>\n\u00b10,60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4 < t \u2264 6<\/td>\n\u00b10,20<\/td>\n\u00b10,60<\/td>\n\u00b11,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6 < t \u2264 10<\/td>\n\u00b10,24<\/td>\n\u00b11,00<\/td>\n\u00b11,20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10 < t \u2264 20<\/td>\n\u00b10,28<\/td>\n\u00b11,20<\/td>\n\u00b11,60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
4.4 Pahlar<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Nominal Kal\u0131nl\u0131k<\/th>\n\u00dcr\u00fcn Kalitesi<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/th>\nA<\/th>\nC<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
C1<\/sub>
\ndakika<\/th>\n		C2<\/sub>
\ndakika<\/th>\n		C1<\/sub>
\ndakika<\/th>\n		C2<\/sub>
\ndakika<\/th>\n		C1<\/sub>
\ndakika<\/th>\n		C2<\/sub>
\ndakika<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1 \u2264 t < 2<\/td>\n0,20 ton<\/td>\n0,25 ton<\/td>\n0,20 ton<\/td>\n0,25 ton<\/td>\n0,20 ton<\/td>\n0,25 ton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2 \u2264 t < 4<\/td>\n0,18 t<\/td>\n0,22 t<\/td>\n0,18 t<\/td>\n0,22 t<\/td>\n0,18 t<\/td>\n0,22 t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
t \u2265 4<\/td>\n0,15 t<\/td>\n0,20 ton<\/td>\n0,15 t<\/td>\n0,20 ton<\/td>\n0,15 t<\/td>\n0,20 ton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
4.4.3 Kombine Y\u0131kama Makineleri \u0130\u00e7in Ek Gereksinimler<\/div>\n

Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n talebi \u00fczerine, sipari\u015fte, kal\u0131plama sapmalar\u0131na g\u00f6re pah pozisyonu belirtilmelidir.<\/p>\n

4.5 \u015eekil ve Konum Toleranslar\u0131<\/div>\n

\u0394t, x = 0.1'in d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ge\u00e7erlidir (d2<\/sub> - D1<\/sub>), yani 60% halka geni\u015fli\u011fi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Kal\u0131nl\u0131k t<\/th>\n\u00dcr\u00fcn Kalitesi<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/th>\nA<\/th>\nC<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0394t
\nmaksimum<\/th>\n		\u0394t
\nmaksimum<\/th>\n		<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
t \u2264 0,5<\/td>\n0.02<\/td>\n0.025<\/td>\nHerhangi bir zorunluluk yok.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0,5 < t \u2264 1<\/td>\n0.03<\/td>\n0.05<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1 < t \u2264 2,5<\/td>\n0.06<\/td>\n0.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2,5 < t \u2264 4<\/td>\n0.08<\/td>\n0.15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4 < t \u2264 6<\/td>\n0.1<\/td>\n0.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6 < t \u2264 10<\/td>\n0.12<\/td>\n0.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10 < t \u2264 20<\/td>\n0.14<\/td>\n0.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
4.5.2 E\u015f eksenlilik y<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Kal\u0131nl\u0131k t<\/th>\n\u00dcr\u00fcn Kalitesi<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/th>\nA<\/th>\nC<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
y
\nmaksimum<\/th>\n		y
\nmaksimum<\/th>\n		y
\nmaksimum<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
t < 2<\/td>\n2 IT11<\/td>\n2 IT12<\/td>\n2 IT13<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2 \u2264 t \u2264 4<\/td>\n2 IT12<\/td>\n2 IT13<\/td>\n2 IT14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
t \u2265 4<\/td>\n2 IT13<\/td>\n2 IT14<\/td>\n2 IT15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c7ap d'ye ba\u011fl\u0131 tolerans y2<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
4.5.3 D\u00fczl\u00fck (Sapma) z<\/div>\n

D\u00fczl\u00fck z, etkili y\u00fckseklik h ile aras\u0131ndaki farkt\u0131r.etkili<\/sub> ve etkin kal\u0131nl\u0131k tetkili<\/sub>Not: Kal\u0131nl\u0131k tolerans\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r; ta\u015flama gibi ek i\u015flemler sapmay\u0131 azaltabilir. \u00c7apak alma i\u015fleminden sonra \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Kal\u0131nl\u0131k t<\/th>\n\u00dcr\u00fcn Kalitesi<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/th>\nA<\/th>\nC<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
z
\nmaksimum<\/th>\n		z
\nmaksimum<\/th>\n		z
\nmaksimum<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
t \u2264 0,5<\/td>\n0.07<\/td>\n0.1<\/td>\n0.13<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0,5 < t \u2264 1<\/td>\n0.1<\/td>\n0.15<\/td>\n0.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1 < t \u2264 2,5<\/td>\n0.2<\/td>\n0.2<\/td>\n0.25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2,5 < t \u2264 4<\/td>\n0.3<\/td>\n0.3<\/td>\n0.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4 < t \u2264 6<\/td>\n0.4<\/td>\n0.4<\/td>\n0.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6 < t \u2264 10<\/td>\n0.6<\/td>\n0.6<\/td>\n0.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10 < t \u2264 20<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

5. GB\/T 3103.3-2020'deki Temel Gereksinimler<\/h2>\n

Y\u00fczey i\u015flemi \u00f6ncesinde toleranslar do\u011frulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Farkl\u0131l\u0131k olmas\u0131 durumunda \u00fcr\u00fcn standartlar\u0131 \u00f6nceliklidir. Do\u011fruluk sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kal\u0131nl\u0131k ve d\u00fczl\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri \u00e7apak alma i\u015fleminden sonra yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

6. Hassasiyet ve Hata Analizi<\/h2>\n

Damgalama gibi \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinden kaynaklanan hatalar, \u00e7apaklanmaya veya e\u015f eksenlilik sorunlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir. Hassas tak\u0131m ve son i\u015flem ile do\u011frulu\u011fu art\u0131r\u0131n. Yayg\u0131n hatalar aras\u0131nda pah \u00f6zelliklerinin g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmesi yer al\u0131r; bu sorunu, kaliteye \u00f6zg\u00fc tablolara uyarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

7. GB\/T 3103.3-2020'nin Sekt\u00f6r \u00dczerindeki Etkisi<\/h2>\n

Bu standart, toleranslar\u0131 standartla\u015ft\u0131rarak malzeme ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirir, \u00fcretimde kalite kontrol\u00fcne yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur ve A s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 rondelalar\u0131n g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 havac\u0131l\u0131k gibi y\u00fcksek hassasiyet gerektiren sekt\u00f6rlerdeki uygulamalar\u0131 destekler.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

8. S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular (SSS)<\/h2>\n
\n

A, C ve F \u00fcr\u00fcn kaliteleri aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir?<\/h3>\n

Tablolarda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak belirtildi\u011fi gibi, A s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hassas uygulamalar i\u00e7in en dar toleranslar\u0131, C s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 genel kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in ve F s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ise belirli senaryolarda ince toleranslar\u0131 sunar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Toleranslar ne zaman \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmelidir?<\/h3>\n

Y\u00fczey i\u015flemine ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce toleranslar uygulan\u0131r; kal\u0131nl\u0131k ve d\u00fczl\u00fck, imalat hatalar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in \u00e7apak alma i\u015fleminden sonra \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Bu standart, ISO 4759-3 ile nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h3>\n

GB\/T 3103.3-2020, ISO 4759-3:2016'ya e\u015fde\u011ferdir ve d\u00fcz rondelalar i\u00e7in toleranslarda k\u00fcresel uyumlulu\u011fu sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Peki ya \u00fcr\u00fcn standartlar\u0131 bundan farkl\u0131ysa?<\/h3>\n

\u00dcr\u00fcne \u00f6zg\u00fc standartlar \u00f6nceliklidir, ancak sapmalar teknik gerek\u00e7e gerektirir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Pah k\u0131rma i\u015flemi zorunlu mu?<\/h3>\n

Keskin kenarlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in minimum pah de\u011ferleri belirtilir; bu de\u011ferler kal\u0131nl\u0131k ve kaliteye ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r; kombine rondelalar i\u00e7in konumun belirtilmesi gerekebilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Ba\u015fvuru i\u00e7in uygun s\u0131n\u0131f seviyesi nas\u0131l se\u00e7ilir?<\/h3>\n

Montaj hassasiyetine g\u00f6re se\u00e7im yap\u0131n: Y\u00fcksek y\u00fcke maruz kalan kritik par\u00e7alar i\u00e7in A, standart c\u0131vatalama i\u00e7in C, titre\u015fim ve y\u00fck da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 gibi fakt\u00f6rleri de g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurun.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column]
\n\t\t\t[\/et_pb_row]
\n\t\t[\/et_pb_section]<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

GB\/T 3103.3-2020 Flat Washer Tolerances Guide Tolerances for Flat Washers 1. Introduction Flat washers play a critical role in fastening systems by distributing loads, preventing surface damage, and ensuring assembly integrity. The GB\/T 3103.3-2020 standard specifies tolerances for plain flat washers with nominal diameters from 1 mm to 150 mm, applicable to product grades A, […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"

\r\n\r\n\r\n

GB\/T 3103.3-2020 Flat Washer Tolerances Guide<\/h1>\r\n
Tolerances for Flat Washers<\/div>\r\n\r\n
\r\n

1. Introduction<\/h2>\r\nFlat washers play a critical role in fastening systems by distributing loads, preventing surface damage, and ensuring assembly integrity. The GB\/T 3103.3-2020 standard specifies tolerances for plain flat washers with nominal diameters from 1 mm to 150 mm, applicable to product grades A, C, and F. This standard is essential for maintaining precision in mechanical engineering, automotive, aerospace, and construction industries.\r\n\r\nAdopted from ISO 4759-3:2016, it ensures compatibility with international practices, promoting quality control and interchangeability. This guide details tolerances for inner hole, outer diameter, thickness, chamfers, and form\/position attributes, aiding engineers in design and procurement.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n
\r\n

2. GB\/T 3103.3-2020 Standard Overview<\/h2>\r\nReleased in 2020 by the Standardization Administration of China, this standard updates previous versions to align with global advancements in fastener technology. It applies to plain washers used with bolts, screws, and nuts, excluding special types like lock washers.\r\n\r\nKey content includes dimensional tolerances before surface treatment, with provisions for deviations only when technically justified. Shape and position tolerances follow GB\/T 1182 and GB\/T 16671.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n
\r\n

3. Basic Principles of Flat Washer Tolerances<\/h2>\r\nTolerances ensure washers fit precisely in assemblies, preventing failures due to misalignment or excessive play. They are defined for product grades: A (precision), C (general), and F (fine). Unless specified otherwise, tolerances apply pre-treatment.\r\n\r\nKey parameters include inner diameter (d1<\/sub>), outer diameter (d2<\/sub>), thickness (t), chamfers (c1<\/sub>, c2<\/sub>), and form tolerances like coaxiality and flatness.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n
\r\n

4. Detailed Tolerance Specifications<\/h2>\r\n
4.1 Inner Hole d1<\/sub><\/div>\r\n \r\n

Tolerances for inner hole d1<\/sub> vary by thickness and product grade.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Thickness<\/th>\r\nTolerances<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Product Grade<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
F<\/th>\r\nA<\/th>\r\nC<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
t < 2\r\n2 \u2264 t < 4\r\nt \u2265 4<\/td>\r\nd1<\/sub>\r\nTolerance<\/td>\r\nt1<\/sub>\r\nmin<\/td>\r\ne1<\/sub>\r\nmax<\/td>\r\nd1<\/sub>\r\nTolerance<\/td>\r\nt1<\/sub>\r\nmin<\/td>\r\ne1<\/sub>\r\nmax<\/td>\r\nd1<\/sub>\r\nTolerance<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
H12<\/td>\r\n0.5 t<\/td>\r\n0.10 t<\/td>\r\nH13<\/td>\r\n0.3 t<\/td>\r\n0.15 t<\/td>\r\nH14<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
H12<\/td>\r\n0.3 t<\/td>\r\n0.15 t<\/td>\r\nH13<\/td>\r\n0.25 t<\/td>\r\n0.20 t<\/td>\r\nH14<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
H13<\/td>\r\n0.2 t<\/td>\r\n0.20 t<\/td>\r\nH14<\/td>\r\n0.2 t<\/td>\r\n0.25 t<\/td>\r\nH15<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Burring not defined but permitted<\/td>\r\nTear band (e1<\/sub>), t1<\/sub> and burring not defined but permitted<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
t1<\/sub> is the portion of the hole within the specified tolerance of d1<\/sub><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
4.2 Outer Diameter d2<\/sub><\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Thickness<\/th>\r\nTolerances<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Product Grade<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
F<\/th>\r\nA<\/th>\r\nC<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
t < 2\r\n2 \u2264 t < 4\r\nt \u2265 4<\/td>\r\nd2<\/sub>\r\nTolerance<\/td>\r\ne2<\/sub>\r\nmax<\/td>\r\nd2<\/sub>\r\nTolerance<\/td>\r\ne2<\/sub>\r\nmax<\/td>\r\nd2<\/sub>\r\nTolerance<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
h13<\/td>\r\n0.13 t<\/td>\r\nh14<\/td>\r\n0.18 t<\/td>\r\nh16<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
h13<\/td>\r\n0.15 t<\/td>\r\nh14<\/td>\r\n0.20 t<\/td>\r\nh16<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
h14<\/td>\r\n0.18 t<\/td>\r\nh15<\/td>\r\n0.25 t<\/td>\r\nh16<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Burring and t2<\/sub> not defined but permitted<\/td>\r\nTear band (e2<\/sub>), t2<\/sub> and burring not defined but permitted<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
t2<\/sub> is the portion of the outer diameter within the specified tolerance of d2<\/sub><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
4.3 Thickness t<\/div>\r\n

Thickness tolerances measured after deburring.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Thickness t<\/th>\r\nProduct Grade<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
F<\/th>\r\nA<\/th>\r\nC<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
t \u2264 0.5<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.04<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.05<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.10<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
0.5 < t \u2264 1<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.06<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.10<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.20<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
1 < t \u2264 2.5<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.12<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.20<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.30<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2.5 < t \u2264 4<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.16<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.30<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.60<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
4 < t \u2264 6<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.20<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.60<\/td>\r\n\u00b11.00<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
6 < t \u2264 10<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.24<\/td>\r\n\u00b11.00<\/td>\r\n\u00b11.20<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
10 < t \u2264 20<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.28<\/td>\r\n\u00b11.20<\/td>\r\n\u00b11.60<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
4.4 Chamfers<\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Nominal Thickness<\/th>\r\nProduct Grade<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
F<\/th>\r\nA<\/th>\r\nC<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
c1<\/sub>\r\nmin<\/th>\r\nc2<\/sub>\r\nmin<\/th>\r\nc1<\/sub>\r\nmin<\/th>\r\nc2<\/sub>\r\nmin<\/th>\r\nc1<\/sub>\r\nmin<\/th>\r\nc2<\/sub>\r\nmin<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
1 \u2264 t < 2<\/td>\r\n0.20 t<\/td>\r\n0.25 t<\/td>\r\n0.20 t<\/td>\r\n0.25 t<\/td>\r\n0.20 t<\/td>\r\n0.25 t<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2 \u2264 t < 4<\/td>\r\n0.18 t<\/td>\r\n0.22 t<\/td>\r\n0.18 t<\/td>\r\n0.22 t<\/td>\r\n0.18 t<\/td>\r\n0.22 t<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
t \u2265 4<\/td>\r\n0.15 t<\/td>\r\n0.20 t<\/td>\r\n0.15 t<\/td>\r\n0.20 t<\/td>\r\n0.15 t<\/td>\r\n0.20 t<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
4.4.3 Combined Washers Supplementary Requirements<\/div>\r\nUpon buyer request, chamfer position relative to stamping deviations should be specified in the order.\r\n
4.5 Form and Position Tolerances<\/div>\r\n

\u0394t applies outside x = 0.1 (d2<\/sub> - d1<\/sub>), i.e., 60% of ring width.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Thickness t<\/th>\r\nProduct Grade<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
F<\/th>\r\nA<\/th>\r\nC<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0394t\r\nmax<\/th>\r\n\u0394t\r\nmax<\/th>\r\n<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
t \u2264 0.5<\/td>\r\n0.02<\/td>\r\n0.025<\/td>\r\nNo requirement<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
0.5 < t \u2264 1<\/td>\r\n0.03<\/td>\r\n0.05<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
1 < t \u2264 2.5<\/td>\r\n0.06<\/td>\r\n0.1<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2.5 < t \u2264 4<\/td>\r\n0.08<\/td>\r\n0.15<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
4 < t \u2264 6<\/td>\r\n0.1<\/td>\r\n0.2<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
6 < t \u2264 10<\/td>\r\n0.12<\/td>\r\n0.3<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
10 < t \u2264 20<\/td>\r\n0.14<\/td>\r\n0.4<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
4.5.2 Coaxiality y<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Thickness t<\/th>\r\nProduct Grade<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
F<\/th>\r\nA<\/th>\r\nC<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
y\r\nmax<\/th>\r\ny\r\nmax<\/th>\r\ny\r\nmax<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
t < 2<\/td>\r\n2 IT11<\/td>\r\n2 IT12<\/td>\r\n2 IT13<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2 \u2264 t \u2264 4<\/td>\r\n2 IT12<\/td>\r\n2 IT13<\/td>\r\n2 IT14<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
t \u2265 4<\/td>\r\n2 IT13<\/td>\r\n2 IT14<\/td>\r\n2 IT15<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Tolerance y based on diameter d2<\/sub><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
4.5.3 Flatness (Deflection) z<\/div>\r\n

Flatness z is the difference between effective height heff<\/sub> and effective thickness teff<\/sub>. Note: Independent of thickness tolerance; additional processes like grinding may reduce deflection. Measured after deburring.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Thickness t<\/th>\r\nProduct Grade<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
F<\/th>\r\nA<\/th>\r\nC<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
z\r\nmax<\/th>\r\nz\r\nmax<\/th>\r\nz\r\nmax<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
t \u2264 0.5<\/td>\r\n0.07<\/td>\r\n0.1<\/td>\r\n0.13<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
0.5 < t \u2264 1<\/td>\r\n0.1<\/td>\r\n0.15<\/td>\r\n0.2<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
1 < t \u2264 2.5<\/td>\r\n0.2<\/td>\r\n0.2<\/td>\r\n0.25<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2.5 < t \u2264 4<\/td>\r\n0.3<\/td>\r\n0.3<\/td>\r\n0.3<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
4 < t \u2264 6<\/td>\r\n0.4<\/td>\r\n0.4<\/td>\r\n0.4<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
6 < t \u2264 10<\/td>\r\n0.6<\/td>\r\n0.6<\/td>\r\n0.6<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
10 < t \u2264 20<\/td>\r\n1<\/td>\r\n1<\/td>\r\n1<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n
\r\n

5. Key Requirements in GB\/T 3103.3-2020<\/h2>\r\nTolerances must be verified pre-surface treatment. Product standards take precedence if differing. Measurements for thickness and flatness occur post-deburring to ensure accuracy.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n
\r\n

6. Precision and Error Analysis<\/h2>\r\nErrors may arise from manufacturing processes like stamping, leading to burring or coaxiality issues. Improve accuracy via precise tooling and post-processing. Common errors include ignoring chamfer specs; resolve by adhering to grade-specific tables.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n
\r\n

7. Impact of GB\/T 3103.3-2020 on Industry<\/h2>\r\nThis standard enhances material research by standardizing tolerances, aids quality control in manufacturing, and supports applications in high-precision sectors like aerospace, where grade A washers ensure reliability.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n
\r\n

8. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)<\/h2>\r\n
\r\n

What is the difference between product grades A, C, and F?<\/h3>\r\nGrade A offers the tightest tolerances for precision applications, C for general use, and F for fine tolerances in specific scenarios, as detailed in the tables.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

When should tolerances be measured?<\/h3>\r\nTolerances apply before surface treatment, with thickness and flatness measured after deburring to avoid inaccuracies from manufacturing artifacts.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

How does this standard compare to ISO 4759-3?<\/h3>\r\nGB\/T 3103.3-2020 is equivalent to ISO 4759-3:2016, ensuring global compatibility for tolerances on flat washers.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

What if product standards differ from this?<\/h3>\r\nProduct-specific standards take precedence, but deviations require technical justification.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

Are chamfers mandatory?<\/h3>\r\nMinimum chamfers are specified to prevent sharp edges, with values based on thickness and grade; for combined washers, position may need specification.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

How to select the appropriate grade for an application?<\/h3>\r\nChoose based on assembly precision: A for high-load critical parts, C for standard bolting, considering factors like vibration and load distribution.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[220],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5582","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technical-documentation-and-references"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5582","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5582"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5582\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5586,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5582\/revisions\/5586"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5582"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5582"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5582"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}