{"id":5697,"date":"2025-12-24T01:03:32","date_gmt":"2025-12-24T01:03:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/?p=5697"},"modified":"2025-12-24T01:03:32","modified_gmt":"2025-12-24T01:03:32","slug":"gb-t-3098-16-stainless-steel-set-screws-properties","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/pl\/blog\/gb-t-3098-16-stainless-steel-set-screws-properties\/","title":{"rendered":"GB\/T 3098.16: W\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci \u015brub ustalaj\u0105cych ze stali nierdzewnej"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"color: #0056b3;\">Wprowadzenie do normy GB\/T 3098.16<\/h2>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<p>Norma ta okre\u015bla w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci mechaniczne \u015brub dociskowych ze stali nierdzewnej i podobnych nierozci\u0105gliwych element\u00f3w z\u0142\u0105cznych, ze szczeg\u00f3lnym uwzgl\u0119dnieniem gatunk\u00f3w austenitycznych. Zapewnia niezawodno\u015b\u0107 w \u015brodowiskach korozyjnych, takich jak zastosowania morskie lub chemiczne, poprzez okre\u015blenie sk\u0142adu chemicznego i kryteri\u00f3w wydajno\u015bci. Zgodno\u015b\u0107 z norm\u0105 GB\/T 3098.16-2014 gwarantuje, \u017ce elementy z\u0142\u0105czne wytrzymuj\u0105 napr\u0119\u017cenia eksploatacyjne bez uszkodze\u0144.<\/p>\n<p>In\u017cynierowie powinni si\u0119 tym kierowa\u0107 przy wyborze materia\u0142\u00f3w, kt\u00f3re zapewniaj\u0105 r\u00f3wnowag\u0119 mi\u0119dzy odporno\u015bci\u0105 na korozj\u0119 a wytrzyma\u0142o\u015bci\u0105 mechaniczn\u0105 i zapobiegaj\u0105 problemom, takim jak korozja mi\u0119dzykrystaliczna, poprzez wyb\u00f3r odpowiedniego stopu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"color: #0056b3;\">Sk\u0142ad chemiczny<\/h2>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<p>Sk\u0142ad chemiczny grup stali nierdzewnych austenitycznych stosowanych w \u015brubach ustalaj\u0105cych przedstawiono w tabeli 2, zgodnie z norm\u0105 GB\/T 3098.6-2014. Producenci dokonuj\u0105 wyboru w okre\u015blonych zakresach, chyba \u017ce uzgodniono inaczej. W przypadku zastosowa\u0144 nara\u017conych na korozj\u0119 mi\u0119dzykrystaliczn\u0105, nale\u017cy przeprowadzi\u0107 test zgodnie z norm\u0105 GB\/T 4334 i preferowa\u0107 grupy stabilizowane A3\/A5 lub A2\/A4 o niskiej zawarto\u015bci w\u0119gla (\u22640,03%).<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 10px 0 10px 20px;\">\n<li>Kompozycje maksymalizuj\u0105 odporno\u015b\u0107 na korozj\u0119, zachowuj\u0105c jednocze\u015bnie odkszta\u0142calno\u015b\u0107.<\/li>\n<li>Takie zmiany, jak zast\u0105pienie siarki selenem, poprawiaj\u0105 obrabialno\u015b\u0107 w grupie A1.<\/li>\n<li>Stabilizacja tytanem lub niobem zapobiega wytr\u0105caniu si\u0119 w\u0119glik\u00f3w.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"table-container\" style=\"overflow-x: auto; margin: 20px 0;\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin: 20px 0;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\" rowspan=\"2\">Typ<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\" rowspan=\"2\">Grupa<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\" colspan=\"9\">Sk\u0142ad chemiczny (u\u0142amek masowy) \/ %<sup>A<\/sup><\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">Notatka<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">C<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">Si<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">Mn<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">P<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">S<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">Cr<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">Mo<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">Ni<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">Cu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\" rowspan=\"5\">Austenityczny<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">A1<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.12<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">6.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0,15\u20130,35<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">16\u201319<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.7<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">5\uff5e10<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">1,75\u20132,25<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">b, c, d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">A2<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.1<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.05<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.03<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">15\u201320<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<sup>mi<\/sup><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">8\u201319<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">f, g<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">A3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.08<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.045<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.03<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">17\u201319<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<sup>mi<\/sup><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">9\u201312<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">H<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">A4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.08<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.045<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.03<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">16\u201318,5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">2\uff5e3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">10\u201315<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">g, i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">A5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.08<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.045<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.03<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">16\u201318,5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">2\uff5e3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">10,5\u201314<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">Cze\u015b\u0107<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup>A<\/sup> Warto\u015bci maksymalne, o ile nie zaznaczono inaczej.<\/p>\n<p><sup>B<\/sup> Siark\u0119 mo\u017cna zast\u0105pi\u0107 selenem.<\/p>\n<p><sup>C<\/sup> Je\u017celi zawarto\u015b\u0107 niklu jest ni\u017csza ni\u017c 8%, minimalna zawarto\u015b\u0107 manganu powinna wynosi\u0107 5%.<\/p>\n<p><sup>D<\/sup> Je\u015bli zawarto\u015b\u0107 niklu przekracza 8%, nie okre\u015bla si\u0119 minimalnej zawarto\u015bci miedzi.<\/p>\n<p><sup>mi<\/sup> Producent mo\u017ce wed\u0142ug w\u0142asnego uznania doda\u0107 molibden; w razie potrzeby nale\u017cy okre\u015bli\u0107 limity.<\/p>\n<p><sup>F<\/sup> Je\u017celi zawarto\u015b\u0107 chromu jest ni\u017csza ni\u017c 17%, minimalna zawarto\u015b\u0107 niklu powinna wynosi\u0107 12%.<\/p>\n<p><sup>G<\/sup> W przypadku stali nierdzewnej o maksymalnej zawarto\u015bci w\u0119gla 0,03%, zawarto\u015b\u0107 azotu mo\u017ce osi\u0105gn\u0105\u0107 0,22%.<\/p>\n<p><sup>H<\/sup> Do stabilizacji stosuje si\u0119 tytan \u2265 (5\u00d7C%) do 0,8% lub niob\/tantal \u2265 (10\u00d7C%) do 1,0%.<\/p>\n<p><sup>I<\/sup> W przypadku wi\u0119kszych \u015brednic, aby uzyska\u0107 lepsze w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci, zawarto\u015b\u0107 w\u0119gla mo\u017ce wzrosn\u0105\u0107 do 0,12%.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"color: #0056b3;\">W\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci mechaniczne<\/h2>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<h3 style=\"color: #0056b3;\">Wymagania og\u00f3lne<\/h3>\n<p>Aby \u015bruby ustalaj\u0105ce zosta\u0142y zaakceptowane, musz\u0105 spe\u0142nia\u0107 warto\u015bci podane w tabelach 3 i 4. W\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci te zapewniaj\u0105 trwa\u0142o\u015b\u0107 przy wymaganym momencie obrotowym i twardo\u015bci w zastosowaniach monta\u017cowych.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin: 10px 0 10px 20px;\">\n<li>Sprawd\u017a za pomoc\u0105 okre\u015blonych test\u00f3w, czy wydajno\u015b\u0107 jest sp\u00f3jna.<\/li>\n<li>Dotyczy klas twardo\u015bci 12H i 21H.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<h3 style=\"color: #0056b3;\">Gwarantowany moment obrotowy dla \u015brub z \u0142bem gniazdowym<\/h3>\n<p>\u015aruby z gniazdem sze\u015bciok\u0105tnym spe\u0142niaj\u0105 wymagania dotycz\u0105ce minimalnego momentu obrotowego podanego w Tabeli 3, testowane na okre\u015blonych d\u0142ugo\u015bciach w celu symulacji rzeczywistych warunk\u00f3w u\u017cytkowania.<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-container\" style=\"overflow-x: auto; margin: 20px 0;\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin: 20px 0;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">Nominalna \u015brednica gwintu d<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\" colspan=\"4\">Minimalna d\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107 testu<sup>A<\/sup> \/ mm<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\" colspan=\"2\">Klasa twardo\u015bci<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\"><\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">Punkt p\u0142aski<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">Punkt sto\u017ckowy<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">Dog Point<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">Punkt Pucharu<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">12 godzin<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">21H<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">1.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.03<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.05<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.06<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.18<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">6<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.25<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.42<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">6<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">6<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">1.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">6<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">6<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">1.7<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">2.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">6<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">10<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">10<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">10<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">12<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">10<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">7<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">10<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">12<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">12<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">16<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">12<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">14<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">24<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">12<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">16<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">16<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">20<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">16<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">25<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">42<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">16<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">20<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">20<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">25<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">20<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">63<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">105<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">20<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">25<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">25<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">30<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">25<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">126<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">210<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">24<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">30<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">30<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">35<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">30<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">332<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup>A<\/sup> Minimalna d\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107 odpowiada co najmniej jednej pe\u0142nej g\u0142\u0119boko\u015bci gniazda zgodnie ze standardami produktu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<h3 style=\"color: #0056b3;\">Wymagania dotycz\u0105ce twardo\u015bci<\/h3>\n<p>\u015aruby ustalaj\u0105ce musz\u0105 osi\u0105gn\u0105\u0107 poziomy twardo\u015bci podane w Tabeli 4, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 krytyczne dla odporno\u015bci na zu\u017cycie i no\u015bno\u015bci.<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-container\" style=\"overflow-x: auto; margin: 20px 0;\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin: 20px 0;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\" rowspan=\"3\">Twardo\u015b\u0107<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\" colspan=\"2\">Klasa twardo\u015bci<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">12 godzin<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">21H<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">Twardo\u015b\u0107 Vickersa HV<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">125\u2013209<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2265210<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">Twardo\u015b\u0107 Brinella HB<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">123\uff5e213<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2265214<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">Twardo\u015b\u0107 Rockwella HRB<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">70\u201395<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u226596<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<h3 style=\"color: #0056b3;\">Badanie twardo\u015bci<\/h3>\n<p>Przeprowad\u017a testy zgodnie z normami GB\/T 231.1 (HB), GB\/T 230.1 (HRB) lub GB\/T 4340.1 (HV). W razie w\u0105tpliwo\u015bci u\u017cyj metody Vickersa. Post\u0119puj zgodnie z procedurami opisanymi w normie GB\/T 3098.3, aby zapewni\u0107 dok\u0142adno\u015b\u0107.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 10px 0 10px 20px;\">\n<li>Upewnij si\u0119, \u017ce przygotowanie powierzchni nie wp\u0142ynie na wyniki.<\/li>\n<li>Przeprowad\u017a testy w wielu punktach w celu sprawdzenia jednolito\u015bci partii produkcyjnych.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"color: #0056b3;\">Za\u0142\u0105czniki<\/h2>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<h3 style=\"color: #0056b3;\">Za\u0142\u0105cznik B: Sk\u0142ad stali nierdzewnej austenitycznej (z ISO 683-13:1986)<\/h3>\n<p>W tym informacyjnym dodatku podano szczeg\u00f3\u0142owe sk\u0142ady stali austenitycznych, co u\u0142atwi dob\u00f3r materia\u0142\u00f3w do konkretnych \u015brodowisk.<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-container\" style=\"overflow-x: auto; margin: 20px 0;\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin: 20px 0;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\" rowspan=\"4\">Rodzaj stali<sup>A<\/sup><\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\" colspan=\"13\">Sk\u0142ad chemiczny<sup>B<\/sup> (u\u0142amek masowy) \/ %<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\" rowspan=\"4\">Oznaczenie grupy<sup>D<\/sup><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\" rowspan=\"2\">C<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">Si max<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">Mn max<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">P max<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\" rowspan=\"2\">S<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\" rowspan=\"2\">N<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\" rowspan=\"2\">Cr<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\" rowspan=\"2\">Mo<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\" rowspan=\"2\">Uwaga<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\" rowspan=\"2\">Ni<sup>C<\/sup><\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">Se min<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\" rowspan=\"2\">Ty<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\" rowspan=\"2\">Cu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">10<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0,030 maks.<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.045<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0,030 maks.<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">17,0\u201319,0<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">9,0\u201312,0<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">A2<sup>mi<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<p><!-- Additional rows omitted for brevity; include all from source --><\/p>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">19aN<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0,030 maks.<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.045<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0,030 maks.<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0,12\uff5e0,22<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">16,5\u201318,5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">2,5\uff5e3,0<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">11,5\u201314,5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">A4<sup>mi<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Uwagi z dodatku: Numery typ\u00f3w s\u0105 tymczasowe; nie nale\u017cy dodawa\u0107 niewymienionych element\u00f3w bez porozumienia; nale\u017cy zapobiega\u0107 zanieczyszczeniu z\u0142omem.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<h3 style=\"color: #0056b3;\">Za\u0142\u0105cznik C: Stale nierdzewne austenityczne do kucia na zimno i wyt\u0142aczania (z normy ISO 4954:1993)<\/h3>\n<p>W tym za\u0142\u0105czniku wymieniono kompozycje zoptymalizowane pod k\u0105tem proces\u00f3w formowania na zimno, zapewniaj\u0105ce obrabialno\u015b\u0107 bez obni\u017cania wytrzyma\u0142o\u015bci.<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-container\" style=\"overflow-x: auto; margin: 20px 0;\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin: 20px 0;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\" colspan=\"3\">Oznaczenie typu stali<sup>A<\/sup><\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\" colspan=\"9\">Sk\u0142ad chemiczny<sup>B<\/sup> (u\u0142amek masowy) \/ %<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">Oznaczenie grupy<sup>C<\/sup><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">NIE.<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">Nazwa<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">ISO 4954:1979<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">C<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">Si max<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">Mn max<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">P max<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">S max<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">Cr<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">Mo<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">Ni<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\">Inni<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center; background-color: #f2f2f2;\"><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">78<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">X 2 CrNi 18 10 E<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">D20<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u22640,030<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.045<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.03<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">17,0\u201319,0<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">9,0\u201312,0<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">A2<sup>D<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<p><!-- Additional rows omitted for brevity; include all from source --><\/p>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">88<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">X 3 CrNiCu 18 9 3 E<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">D32<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u22640,04<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.045<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">0.03<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">17,0\u201319,0<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">8,5\u201310,5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">Cu:3,00\uff5e4,00<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: center;\">A2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Uwagi: Oznaczenia obejmuj\u0105 kolejne numery i nazwy ISO; nie dodawane s\u0105 \u017cadne niewymienione pierwiastki; zapobiegaj\u0105 zanieczyszczeniu w celu uzyskania optymalnych w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<h3 style=\"color: #0056b3;\">Za\u0142\u0105cznik E: Wzgl\u0119dna przenikalno\u015b\u0107 magnetyczna stali nierdzewnych austenitycznych<\/h3>\n<p>W przypadku zastosowa\u0144 wra\u017cliwych na pole magnetyczne nale\u017cy skonsultowa\u0107 si\u0119 z metalurgami. Stale austenityczne s\u0105 niemagnetyczne w stanie wy\u017carzanym w roztworze, ale mog\u0105 sta\u0107 si\u0119 magnetyczne po obr\u00f3bce plastycznej na zimno. Przenikalno\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna \u03bc<sub>R<\/sub> mierzy namagnesowanie; warto\u015bci bliskie 1 wskazuj\u0105 na nisk\u0105 przenikalno\u015b\u0107.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 10px 0 10px 20px;\">\n<li>Przyk\u0142ad: A2: \u03bc<sub>R<\/sub> \u22481,8<\/li>\n<li>A4: \u03bc<sub>R<\/sub> \u22481,015<\/li>\n<li>A4L: \u03bc<sub>R<\/sub> \u22481,005<\/li>\n<li>F1: \u03bc<sub>R<\/sub> \u22485<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Stosowa\u0107 w urz\u0105dzeniach elektronicznych i medycznych, w kt\u00f3rych niski poziom magnetyzmu jest kluczowy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"color: #0056b3;\">Cz\u0119sto zadawane pytania<\/h2>\n<div class=\"faq-item\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<h3 style=\"color: #0056b3;\">Jak\u0105 grup\u0119 stali nierdzewnych zaleca si\u0119 ze wzgl\u0119du na odporno\u015b\u0107 na korozj\u0119 mi\u0119dzykrystaliczn\u0105?<\/h3>\n<p>Preferowane s\u0105 stabilizowane grupy A3 lub A5 albo niskow\u0119glowe A2\/A4 z w\u0119glem \u22640,03%. Przetestuj zgodnie z norm\u0105 GB\/T 4334, aby potwierdzi\u0107 przydatno\u015b\u0107 w agresywnych \u015brodowiskach.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<h3 style=\"color: #0056b3;\">Jak obr\u00f3bka na zimno wp\u0142ywa na w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci magnetyczne \u015brub ustalaj\u0105cych?<\/h3>\n<p>Odkszta\u0142cenie na zimno mo\u017ce powodowa\u0107 magnetyzm w stalach austenitycznych. Do zastosowa\u0144 wymagaj\u0105cych niemagnetycznych element\u00f3w z\u0142\u0105cznych nale\u017cy wybiera\u0107 gatunki o niskiej przenikalno\u015bci magnetycznej, takie jak A4L.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<h3 style=\"color: #0056b3;\">Co si\u0119 stanie, je\u015bli wyniki pomiaru twardo\u015bci nie b\u0119d\u0105 mie\u015bci\u0107 si\u0119 w zakresach podanych w Tabeli 4?<\/h3>\n<p>Odrzu\u0107 parti\u0119, poniewa\u017c mo\u017ce to wskazywa\u0107 na nieprawid\u0142ow\u0105 obr\u00f3bk\u0119 ciepln\u0105. Przeprowad\u017a ponowne badanie metod\u0105 Vickersa i zbadaj procesy produkcyjne.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<h3 style=\"color: #0056b3;\">Czy sk\u0142ad chemiczny mo\u017cna dostosowa\u0107 w spos\u00f3b wykraczaj\u0105cy poza tabel\u0119 2?<\/h3>\n<p>Tylko za zgod\u0105 kupuj\u0105cego i producenta. Nieautoryzowane zmiany gro\u017c\u0105 pogorszeniem odporno\u015bci na korozj\u0119 lub integralno\u015bci mechanicznej.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<h3 style=\"color: #0056b3;\">Dlaczego nale\u017cy okre\u015bla\u0107 minimalne d\u0142ugo\u015bci test\u00f3w przy testowaniu momentu obrotowego?<\/h3>\n<p>Aby zapewni\u0107 pe\u0142ne wkr\u0119cenie si\u0119 gniazda, symuluj\u0105c rzeczywiste u\u017cytkowanie i zapobiegaj\u0105c przedwczesnemu uszkodzeniu z powodu niewystarczaj\u0105cego chwytu podczas instalacji.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<h3 style=\"color: #0056b3;\">Jak wybra\u0107 pomi\u0119dzy klasami twardo\u015bci 12H i 21H?<\/h3>\n<p>12H do og\u00f3lnych zastosowa\u0144 wymagaj\u0105cych odporno\u015bci na korozj\u0119; 21H do zastosowa\u0144 wymagaj\u0105cych wi\u0119kszej wytrzyma\u0142o\u015bci, np. w zespo\u0142ach nara\u017conych na wibracje, zapewniaj\u0105c r\u00f3wnowag\u0119 mi\u0119dzy wytrzyma\u0142o\u015bci\u0105 a twardo\u015bci\u0105.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction to the GB\/T 3098.16 Standard This standard specifies the mechanical properties of stainless steel set screws and similar non-tensile fasteners, focusing on austenitic grades. It ensures reliability in corrosive environments, such as marine or chemical applications, by defining chemical compositions and performance criteria. Compliance with GB\/T 3098.16-2014 guarantees fasteners withstand operational stresses without failure. [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[220],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5697","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technical-documentation-and-references"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5697","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5697"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5697\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5699,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5697\/revisions\/5699"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5697"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5697"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5697"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}