{"id":5582,"date":"2025-12-22T08:33:37","date_gmt":"2025-12-22T08:33:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/?p=5582"},"modified":"2025-12-22T08:34:32","modified_gmt":"2025-12-22T08:34:32","slug":"gb-t-3103-3-2020-flat-washer-tolerances-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/pl\/blog\/gb-t-3103-3-2020-flat-washer-tolerances-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"GB\/T 3103.3-2020 Przewodnik po tolerancjach podk\u0142adek p\u0142askich"},"content":{"rendered":"

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GB\/T 3103.3-2020 Przewodnik po tolerancjach podk\u0142adek p\u0142askich<\/h1>\n
Tolerancje dla podk\u0142adek p\u0142askich<\/div>\n

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1. Wprowadzenie<\/h2>\n

Podk\u0142adki p\u0142askie odgrywaj\u0105 kluczow\u0105 rol\u0119 w systemach mocuj\u0105cych, rozprowadzaj\u0105c obci\u0105\u017cenia, zapobiegaj\u0105c uszkodzeniom powierzchni i zapewniaj\u0105c integralno\u015b\u0107 zespo\u0142u. Norma GB\/T 3103.3-2020 okre\u015bla tolerancje dla podk\u0142adek p\u0142askich o \u015brednicach nominalnych od 1 mm do 150 mm, maj\u0105cych zastosowanie do klas produkt\u00f3w A, C i F. Norma ta jest niezb\u0119dna do zachowania precyzji w przemy\u015ble maszynowym, motoryzacyjnym, lotniczym i budowlanym.<\/p>\n

Norma, zaadaptowana z ISO 4759-3:2016, zapewnia zgodno\u015b\u0107 z praktykami mi\u0119dzynarodowymi, promuj\u0105c kontrol\u0119 jako\u015bci i zamienno\u015b\u0107. Niniejszy przewodnik zawiera szczeg\u00f3\u0142owe informacje na temat tolerancji otwor\u00f3w wewn\u0119trznych, \u015brednicy zewn\u0119trznej, grubo\u015bci, fazowa\u0144 oraz atrybut\u00f3w kszta\u0142tu\/po\u0142o\u017cenia, u\u0142atwiaj\u0105c in\u017cynierom projektowanie i zaopatrzenie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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2. Przegl\u0105d normy GB\/T 3103.3-2020<\/h2>\n

Norma ta, wydana w 2020 roku przez Chi\u0144sk\u0105 Administracj\u0119 Normalizacyjn\u0105, aktualizuje poprzednie wersje, aby dostosowa\u0107 je do \u015bwiatowego post\u0119pu w technologii element\u00f3w z\u0142\u0105cznych. Dotyczy ona podk\u0142adek p\u0142askich stosowanych ze \u015brubami, wkr\u0119tami i nakr\u0119tkami, z wy\u0142\u0105czeniem typ\u00f3w specjalnych, takich jak podk\u0142adki zabezpieczaj\u0105ce.<\/p>\n

Kluczowe elementy obejmuj\u0105 tolerancje wymiarowe przed obr\u00f3bk\u0105 powierzchni, z uwzgl\u0119dnieniem odchyle\u0144 tylko w uzasadnionych technicznie przypadkach. Tolerancje kszta\u0142tu i po\u0142o\u017cenia s\u0105 zgodne z normami GB\/T 1182 i GB\/T 16671.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

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3. Podstawowe zasady tolerancji podk\u0142adek p\u0142askich<\/h2>\n

Tolerancje zapewniaj\u0105 precyzyjne dopasowanie podk\u0142adek do zespo\u0142\u00f3w, zapobiegaj\u0105c awariom spowodowanym niewsp\u00f3\u0142osiowo\u015bci\u0105 lub nadmiernym luzem. S\u0105 one definiowane dla klas produktu: A (precyzyjna), C (og\u00f3lna) i F (drobnoziarnista). O ile nie zaznaczono inaczej, tolerancje dotycz\u0105 obr\u00f3bki wst\u0119pnej.<\/p>\n

Kluczowe parametry obejmuj\u0105 \u015brednic\u0119 wewn\u0119trzn\u0105 (d1<\/sub>), \u015brednica zewn\u0119trzna (d2<\/sub>), grubo\u015b\u0107 (t), fazowania (c1<\/sub>, C2<\/sub>) i tolerancje kszta\u0142tu, takie jak wsp\u00f3\u0142osiowo\u015b\u0107 i p\u0142asko\u015b\u0107.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

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4. Szczeg\u00f3\u0142owe specyfikacje tolerancji<\/h2>\n
4.1 Otw\u00f3r wewn\u0119trzny d1<\/sub><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tolerancje dla otworu wewn\u0119trznego d1<\/sub> r\u00f3\u017cni\u0105 si\u0119 w zale\u017cno\u015bci od grubo\u015bci i klasy produktu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Grubo\u015b\u0107<\/th>\nTolerancje<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Klasa produktu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/th>\nA<\/th>\nC<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
t < 2
\n2 \u2264 t < 4
\nt \u2265 4<\/td>\n		D1<\/sub>
\nTolerancja<\/td>\n		T1<\/sub>
\nmin<\/td>\n		mi1<\/sub>
\nmaks<\/td>\n		D1<\/sub>
\nTolerancja<\/td>\n		T1<\/sub>
\nmin<\/td>\n		mi1<\/sub>
\nmaks<\/td>\n		D1<\/sub>
\nTolerancja<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H12<\/td>\n0,5 tony<\/td>\n0,10 tony<\/td>\nH13<\/td>\n0,3 tony<\/td>\n0,15 tony<\/td>\nH14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H12<\/td>\n0,3 tony<\/td>\n0,15 tony<\/td>\nH13<\/td>\n0,25 tony<\/td>\n0,20 tony<\/td>\nH14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H13<\/td>\n0,2 tony<\/td>\n0,20 tony<\/td>\nH14<\/td>\n0,2 tony<\/td>\n0,25 tony<\/td>\nH15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grabienie nie jest zdefiniowane, ale dozwolone<\/td>\nPasek zrywalny (e1<\/sub>), T1<\/sub> i zadzior\u00f3w nie zdefiniowano, ale dozwolonych<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T1<\/sub> jest cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 otworu mieszcz\u0105c\u0105 si\u0119 w okre\u015blonej tolerancji d1<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
4.2 \u015arednica zewn\u0119trzna d2<\/sub><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Grubo\u015b\u0107<\/th>\nTolerancje<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Klasa produktu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/th>\nA<\/th>\nC<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
t < 2
\n2 \u2264 t < 4
\nt \u2265 4<\/td>\n		D2<\/sub>
\nTolerancja<\/td>\n		mi2<\/sub>
\nmaks<\/td>\n		D2<\/sub>
\nTolerancja<\/td>\n		mi2<\/sub>
\nmaks<\/td>\n		D2<\/sub>
\nTolerancja<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
h13<\/td>\n0,13 tony<\/td>\nh14<\/td>\n0,18 tony<\/td>\nh16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
h13<\/td>\n0,15 tony<\/td>\nh14<\/td>\n0,20 tony<\/td>\nh16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
h14<\/td>\n0,18 tony<\/td>\nh15<\/td>\n0,25 tony<\/td>\nh16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Zadziory i t2<\/sub> niezdefiniowane, ale dozwolone<\/td>\nPasek zrywalny (e2<\/sub>), T2<\/sub> i zadzior\u00f3w nie zdefiniowano, ale dozwolonych<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T2<\/sub> jest cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 \u015brednicy zewn\u0119trznej mieszcz\u0105c\u0105 si\u0119 w okre\u015blonej tolerancji d2<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
4.3 Grubo\u015b\u0107 t<\/div>\n

Tolerancje grubo\u015bci mierzone po gratowaniu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Grubo\u015b\u0107 t<\/th>\nKlasa produktu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/th>\nA<\/th>\nC<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
t \u2264 0,5<\/td>\n\u00b10,04<\/td>\n\u00b10,05<\/td>\n\u00b10,10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0,5 < t \u2264 1<\/td>\n\u00b10,06<\/td>\n\u00b10,10<\/td>\n\u00b10,20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1 < t \u2264 2,5<\/td>\n\u00b10,12<\/td>\n\u00b10,20<\/td>\n\u00b10,30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2,5 < t \u2264 4<\/td>\n\u00b10,16<\/td>\n\u00b10,30<\/td>\n\u00b10,60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4 < t \u2264 6<\/td>\n\u00b10,20<\/td>\n\u00b10,60<\/td>\n\u00b11,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6 < t \u2264 10<\/td>\n\u00b10,24<\/td>\n\u00b11,00<\/td>\n\u00b11,20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10 < t \u2264 20<\/td>\n\u00b10,28<\/td>\n\u00b11,20<\/td>\n\u00b11,60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
4.4 Fazy<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Grubo\u015b\u0107 nominalna<\/th>\nKlasa produktu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/th>\nA<\/th>\nC<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
C1<\/sub>
\nmin<\/th>\n		C2<\/sub>
\nmin<\/th>\n		C1<\/sub>
\nmin<\/th>\n		C2<\/sub>
\nmin<\/th>\n		C1<\/sub>
\nmin<\/th>\n		C2<\/sub>
\nmin<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1 \u2264 t < 2<\/td>\n0,20 tony<\/td>\n0,25 tony<\/td>\n0,20 tony<\/td>\n0,25 tony<\/td>\n0,20 tony<\/td>\n0,25 tony<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2 \u2264 t < 4<\/td>\n0,18 tony<\/td>\n0,22 tony<\/td>\n0,18 tony<\/td>\n0,22 tony<\/td>\n0,18 tony<\/td>\n0,22 tony<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
t \u2265 4<\/td>\n0,15 tony<\/td>\n0,20 tony<\/td>\n0,15 tony<\/td>\n0,20 tony<\/td>\n0,15 tony<\/td>\n0,20 tony<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
4.4.3 Wymagania uzupe\u0142niaj\u0105ce dotycz\u0105ce podk\u0142adek kombinowanych<\/div>\n

Na \u017cyczenie kupuj\u0105cego, w zam\u00f3wieniu nale\u017cy okre\u015bli\u0107 po\u0142o\u017cenie fazy w stosunku do odchy\u0142ek t\u0142oczenia.<\/p>\n

4.5 Tolerancje kszta\u0142tu i po\u0142o\u017cenia<\/div>\n

\u0394t obowi\u0105zuje poza x = 0,1 (d2<\/sub> - D1<\/sub>), tj. 60% szeroko\u015bci pier\u015bcienia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Grubo\u015b\u0107 t<\/th>\nKlasa produktu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/th>\nA<\/th>\nC<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0394t
\nmaks<\/th>\n		\u0394t
\nmaks<\/th>\n		<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
t \u2264 0,5<\/td>\n0.02<\/td>\n0.025<\/td>\nBrak wymaga\u0144<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0,5 < t \u2264 1<\/td>\n0.03<\/td>\n0.05<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1 < t \u2264 2,5<\/td>\n0.06<\/td>\n0.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2,5 < t \u2264 4<\/td>\n0.08<\/td>\n0.15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4 < t \u2264 6<\/td>\n0.1<\/td>\n0.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6 < t \u2264 10<\/td>\n0.12<\/td>\n0.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10 < t \u2264 20<\/td>\n0.14<\/td>\n0.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
4.5.2 Wsp\u00f3\u0142osiowo\u015b\u0107 y<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Grubo\u015b\u0107 t<\/th>\nKlasa produktu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/th>\nA<\/th>\nC<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
y
\nmaks<\/th>\n		y
\nmaks<\/th>\n		y
\nmaks<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
t < 2<\/td>\n2 IT11<\/td>\n2 IT12<\/td>\n2 IT13<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2 \u2264 t \u2264 4<\/td>\n2 IT12<\/td>\n2 IT13<\/td>\n2 IT14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
t \u2265 4<\/td>\n2 IT13<\/td>\n2 IT14<\/td>\n2 IT15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tolerancja y na podstawie \u015brednicy d2<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
4.5.3 P\u0142asko\u015b\u0107 (ugi\u0119cie) z<\/div>\n

P\u0142asko\u015b\u0107 z to r\u00f3\u017cnica mi\u0119dzy efektywn\u0105 wysoko\u015bci\u0105 hefekt<\/sub> i efektywna grubo\u015b\u0107 tefekt<\/sub>Uwaga: Niezale\u017cnie od tolerancji grubo\u015bci, dodatkowe procesy, takie jak szlifowanie, mog\u0105 zmniejszy\u0107 ugi\u0119cie. Pomiar po gratowaniu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Grubo\u015b\u0107 t<\/th>\nKlasa produktu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/th>\nA<\/th>\nC<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
z
\nmaks<\/th>\n		z
\nmaks<\/th>\n		z
\nmaks<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
t \u2264 0,5<\/td>\n0.07<\/td>\n0.1<\/td>\n0.13<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0,5 < t \u2264 1<\/td>\n0.1<\/td>\n0.15<\/td>\n0.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1 < t \u2264 2,5<\/td>\n0.2<\/td>\n0.2<\/td>\n0.25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2,5 < t \u2264 4<\/td>\n0.3<\/td>\n0.3<\/td>\n0.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4 < t \u2264 6<\/td>\n0.4<\/td>\n0.4<\/td>\n0.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6 < t \u2264 10<\/td>\n0.6<\/td>\n0.6<\/td>\n0.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10 < t \u2264 20<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

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5. Kluczowe wymagania okre\u015blone w GB\/T 3103.3-2020<\/h2>\n

Tolerancje musz\u0105 zosta\u0107 zweryfikowane przed obr\u00f3bk\u0105 powierzchni. W przypadku r\u00f3\u017cnic, pierwsze\u0144stwo maj\u0105 normy produktu. Pomiary grubo\u015bci i p\u0142asko\u015bci przeprowadzane s\u0105 po gratowaniu, aby zapewni\u0107 dok\u0142adno\u015b\u0107.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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6. Analiza precyzji i b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w<\/h2>\n

B\u0142\u0119dy mog\u0105 wynika\u0107 z proces\u00f3w produkcyjnych, takich jak t\u0142oczenie, prowadz\u0105c do zadzior\u00f3w lub problem\u00f3w z wsp\u00f3\u0142osiowo\u015bci\u0105. Zwi\u0119ksz dok\u0142adno\u015b\u0107 poprzez precyzyjne narz\u0119dzia i obr\u00f3bk\u0119 ko\u0144cow\u0105. Typowe b\u0142\u0119dy obejmuj\u0105 ignorowanie specyfikacji fazowania; rozwi\u0105\u017c je, stosuj\u0105c si\u0119 do tabel specyficznych dla danego gatunku.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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7. Wp\u0142yw GB\/T 3103.3-2020 na przemys\u0142<\/h2>\n

Norma ta usprawnia badania materia\u0142owe poprzez standaryzacj\u0119 tolerancji, wspomaga kontrol\u0119 jako\u015bci w produkcji i wspiera zastosowania w sektorach wymagaj\u0105cych wysokiej precyzji, takich jak przemys\u0142 lotniczy i kosmiczny, w kt\u00f3rych podk\u0142adki klasy A gwarantuj\u0105 niezawodno\u015b\u0107.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

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8. Cz\u0119sto zadawane pytania (FAQ)<\/h2>\n
\n

Jaka jest r\u00f3\u017cnica pomi\u0119dzy klasami produkt\u00f3w A, C i F?<\/h3>\n

Klasa A oferuje najw\u0119\u017csze tolerancje w zastosowaniach precyzyjnych, klasa C do zastosowa\u0144 og\u00f3lnych, a klasa F do ma\u0142ych tolerancji w okre\u015blonych scenariuszach, jak szczeg\u00f3\u0142owo opisano w tabelach.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Kiedy nale\u017cy mierzy\u0107 tolerancje?<\/h3>\n

Tolerancje obowi\u0105zuj\u0105 przed obr\u00f3bk\u0105 powierzchni, natomiast grubo\u015b\u0107 i p\u0142asko\u015b\u0107 mierz\u0105 si\u0119 po usuni\u0119ciu zadzior\u00f3w, aby unikn\u0105\u0107 niedok\u0142adno\u015bci wynikaj\u0105cych z artefakt\u00f3w produkcyjnych.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Jak ta norma wypada w por\u00f3wnaniu z norm\u0105 ISO 4759-3?<\/h3>\n

Norma GB\/T 3103.3-2020 jest odpowiednikiem normy ISO 4759-3:2016 i zapewnia globaln\u0105 zgodno\u015b\u0107 tolerancji podk\u0142adek p\u0142askich.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

A co je\u015bli normy produkt\u00f3w b\u0119d\u0105 si\u0119 r\u00f3\u017cni\u0107?<\/h3>\n

Pierwsze\u0144stwo maj\u0105 normy dotycz\u0105ce konkretnych produkt\u00f3w, ale odst\u0119pstwa wymagaj\u0105 uzasadnienia technicznego.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Czy fazowanie jest obowi\u0105zkowe?<\/h3>\n

Okre\u015blono minimalne fazy, aby zapobiec powstawaniu ostrych kraw\u0119dzi, a ich warto\u015bci zale\u017c\u0105 od grubo\u015bci i gatunku. W przypadku podk\u0142adek kombinowanych mo\u017ce by\u0107 konieczne okre\u015blenie po\u0142o\u017cenia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Jak wybra\u0107 odpowiedni\u0105 ocen\u0119 dla danego zastosowania?<\/h3>\n

Dokonaj wyboru na podstawie precyzji monta\u017cu: A w przypadku cz\u0119\u015bci krytycznych nara\u017conych na du\u017ce obci\u0105\u017cenia, C w przypadku standardowych po\u0142\u0105cze\u0144 \u015brubowych, bior\u0105c pod uwag\u0119 takie czynniki, jak wibracje i rozk\u0142ad obci\u0105\u017cenia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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GB\/T 3103.3-2020 Flat Washer Tolerances Guide Tolerances for Flat Washers 1. Introduction Flat washers play a critical role in fastening systems by distributing loads, preventing surface damage, and ensuring assembly integrity. The GB\/T 3103.3-2020 standard specifies tolerances for plain flat washers with nominal diameters from 1 mm to 150 mm, applicable to product grades A, […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"

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GB\/T 3103.3-2020 Flat Washer Tolerances Guide<\/h1>\r\n
Tolerances for Flat Washers<\/div>\r\n\r\n
\r\n

1. Introduction<\/h2>\r\nFlat washers play a critical role in fastening systems by distributing loads, preventing surface damage, and ensuring assembly integrity. The GB\/T 3103.3-2020 standard specifies tolerances for plain flat washers with nominal diameters from 1 mm to 150 mm, applicable to product grades A, C, and F. This standard is essential for maintaining precision in mechanical engineering, automotive, aerospace, and construction industries.\r\n\r\nAdopted from ISO 4759-3:2016, it ensures compatibility with international practices, promoting quality control and interchangeability. This guide details tolerances for inner hole, outer diameter, thickness, chamfers, and form\/position attributes, aiding engineers in design and procurement.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n
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2. GB\/T 3103.3-2020 Standard Overview<\/h2>\r\nReleased in 2020 by the Standardization Administration of China, this standard updates previous versions to align with global advancements in fastener technology. It applies to plain washers used with bolts, screws, and nuts, excluding special types like lock washers.\r\n\r\nKey content includes dimensional tolerances before surface treatment, with provisions for deviations only when technically justified. Shape and position tolerances follow GB\/T 1182 and GB\/T 16671.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n
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3. Basic Principles of Flat Washer Tolerances<\/h2>\r\nTolerances ensure washers fit precisely in assemblies, preventing failures due to misalignment or excessive play. They are defined for product grades: A (precision), C (general), and F (fine). Unless specified otherwise, tolerances apply pre-treatment.\r\n\r\nKey parameters include inner diameter (d1<\/sub>), outer diameter (d2<\/sub>), thickness (t), chamfers (c1<\/sub>, c2<\/sub>), and form tolerances like coaxiality and flatness.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n
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4. Detailed Tolerance Specifications<\/h2>\r\n
4.1 Inner Hole d1<\/sub><\/div>\r\n \r\n

Tolerances for inner hole d1<\/sub> vary by thickness and product grade.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Thickness<\/th>\r\nTolerances<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Product Grade<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
F<\/th>\r\nA<\/th>\r\nC<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
t < 2\r\n2 \u2264 t < 4\r\nt \u2265 4<\/td>\r\nd1<\/sub>\r\nTolerance<\/td>\r\nt1<\/sub>\r\nmin<\/td>\r\ne1<\/sub>\r\nmax<\/td>\r\nd1<\/sub>\r\nTolerance<\/td>\r\nt1<\/sub>\r\nmin<\/td>\r\ne1<\/sub>\r\nmax<\/td>\r\nd1<\/sub>\r\nTolerance<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
H12<\/td>\r\n0.5 t<\/td>\r\n0.10 t<\/td>\r\nH13<\/td>\r\n0.3 t<\/td>\r\n0.15 t<\/td>\r\nH14<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
H12<\/td>\r\n0.3 t<\/td>\r\n0.15 t<\/td>\r\nH13<\/td>\r\n0.25 t<\/td>\r\n0.20 t<\/td>\r\nH14<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
H13<\/td>\r\n0.2 t<\/td>\r\n0.20 t<\/td>\r\nH14<\/td>\r\n0.2 t<\/td>\r\n0.25 t<\/td>\r\nH15<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Burring not defined but permitted<\/td>\r\nTear band (e1<\/sub>), t1<\/sub> and burring not defined but permitted<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
t1<\/sub> is the portion of the hole within the specified tolerance of d1<\/sub><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
4.2 Outer Diameter d2<\/sub><\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Thickness<\/th>\r\nTolerances<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Product Grade<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
F<\/th>\r\nA<\/th>\r\nC<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
t < 2\r\n2 \u2264 t < 4\r\nt \u2265 4<\/td>\r\nd2<\/sub>\r\nTolerance<\/td>\r\ne2<\/sub>\r\nmax<\/td>\r\nd2<\/sub>\r\nTolerance<\/td>\r\ne2<\/sub>\r\nmax<\/td>\r\nd2<\/sub>\r\nTolerance<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
h13<\/td>\r\n0.13 t<\/td>\r\nh14<\/td>\r\n0.18 t<\/td>\r\nh16<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
h13<\/td>\r\n0.15 t<\/td>\r\nh14<\/td>\r\n0.20 t<\/td>\r\nh16<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
h14<\/td>\r\n0.18 t<\/td>\r\nh15<\/td>\r\n0.25 t<\/td>\r\nh16<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Burring and t2<\/sub> not defined but permitted<\/td>\r\nTear band (e2<\/sub>), t2<\/sub> and burring not defined but permitted<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
t2<\/sub> is the portion of the outer diameter within the specified tolerance of d2<\/sub><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
4.3 Thickness t<\/div>\r\n

Thickness tolerances measured after deburring.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Thickness t<\/th>\r\nProduct Grade<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
F<\/th>\r\nA<\/th>\r\nC<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
t \u2264 0.5<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.04<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.05<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.10<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
0.5 < t \u2264 1<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.06<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.10<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.20<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
1 < t \u2264 2.5<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.12<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.20<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.30<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2.5 < t \u2264 4<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.16<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.30<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.60<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
4 < t \u2264 6<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.20<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.60<\/td>\r\n\u00b11.00<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
6 < t \u2264 10<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.24<\/td>\r\n\u00b11.00<\/td>\r\n\u00b11.20<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
10 < t \u2264 20<\/td>\r\n\u00b10.28<\/td>\r\n\u00b11.20<\/td>\r\n\u00b11.60<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
4.4 Chamfers<\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Nominal Thickness<\/th>\r\nProduct Grade<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
F<\/th>\r\nA<\/th>\r\nC<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
c1<\/sub>\r\nmin<\/th>\r\nc2<\/sub>\r\nmin<\/th>\r\nc1<\/sub>\r\nmin<\/th>\r\nc2<\/sub>\r\nmin<\/th>\r\nc1<\/sub>\r\nmin<\/th>\r\nc2<\/sub>\r\nmin<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
1 \u2264 t < 2<\/td>\r\n0.20 t<\/td>\r\n0.25 t<\/td>\r\n0.20 t<\/td>\r\n0.25 t<\/td>\r\n0.20 t<\/td>\r\n0.25 t<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2 \u2264 t < 4<\/td>\r\n0.18 t<\/td>\r\n0.22 t<\/td>\r\n0.18 t<\/td>\r\n0.22 t<\/td>\r\n0.18 t<\/td>\r\n0.22 t<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
t \u2265 4<\/td>\r\n0.15 t<\/td>\r\n0.20 t<\/td>\r\n0.15 t<\/td>\r\n0.20 t<\/td>\r\n0.15 t<\/td>\r\n0.20 t<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
4.4.3 Combined Washers Supplementary Requirements<\/div>\r\nUpon buyer request, chamfer position relative to stamping deviations should be specified in the order.\r\n
4.5 Form and Position Tolerances<\/div>\r\n

\u0394t applies outside x = 0.1 (d2<\/sub> - d1<\/sub>), i.e., 60% of ring width.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Thickness t<\/th>\r\nProduct Grade<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
F<\/th>\r\nA<\/th>\r\nC<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0394t\r\nmax<\/th>\r\n\u0394t\r\nmax<\/th>\r\n<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
t \u2264 0.5<\/td>\r\n0.02<\/td>\r\n0.025<\/td>\r\nNo requirement<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
0.5 < t \u2264 1<\/td>\r\n0.03<\/td>\r\n0.05<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
1 < t \u2264 2.5<\/td>\r\n0.06<\/td>\r\n0.1<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2.5 < t \u2264 4<\/td>\r\n0.08<\/td>\r\n0.15<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
4 < t \u2264 6<\/td>\r\n0.1<\/td>\r\n0.2<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
6 < t \u2264 10<\/td>\r\n0.12<\/td>\r\n0.3<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
10 < t \u2264 20<\/td>\r\n0.14<\/td>\r\n0.4<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
4.5.2 Coaxiality y<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Thickness t<\/th>\r\nProduct Grade<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
F<\/th>\r\nA<\/th>\r\nC<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
y\r\nmax<\/th>\r\ny\r\nmax<\/th>\r\ny\r\nmax<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
t < 2<\/td>\r\n2 IT11<\/td>\r\n2 IT12<\/td>\r\n2 IT13<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2 \u2264 t \u2264 4<\/td>\r\n2 IT12<\/td>\r\n2 IT13<\/td>\r\n2 IT14<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
t \u2265 4<\/td>\r\n2 IT13<\/td>\r\n2 IT14<\/td>\r\n2 IT15<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Tolerance y based on diameter d2<\/sub><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
4.5.3 Flatness (Deflection) z<\/div>\r\n

Flatness z is the difference between effective height heff<\/sub> and effective thickness teff<\/sub>. Note: Independent of thickness tolerance; additional processes like grinding may reduce deflection. Measured after deburring.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Thickness t<\/th>\r\nProduct Grade<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
F<\/th>\r\nA<\/th>\r\nC<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
z\r\nmax<\/th>\r\nz\r\nmax<\/th>\r\nz\r\nmax<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
t \u2264 0.5<\/td>\r\n0.07<\/td>\r\n0.1<\/td>\r\n0.13<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
0.5 < t \u2264 1<\/td>\r\n0.1<\/td>\r\n0.15<\/td>\r\n0.2<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
1 < t \u2264 2.5<\/td>\r\n0.2<\/td>\r\n0.2<\/td>\r\n0.25<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2.5 < t \u2264 4<\/td>\r\n0.3<\/td>\r\n0.3<\/td>\r\n0.3<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
4 < t \u2264 6<\/td>\r\n0.4<\/td>\r\n0.4<\/td>\r\n0.4<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
6 < t \u2264 10<\/td>\r\n0.6<\/td>\r\n0.6<\/td>\r\n0.6<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
10 < t \u2264 20<\/td>\r\n1<\/td>\r\n1<\/td>\r\n1<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n
\r\n

5. Key Requirements in GB\/T 3103.3-2020<\/h2>\r\nTolerances must be verified pre-surface treatment. Product standards take precedence if differing. Measurements for thickness and flatness occur post-deburring to ensure accuracy.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n
\r\n

6. Precision and Error Analysis<\/h2>\r\nErrors may arise from manufacturing processes like stamping, leading to burring or coaxiality issues. Improve accuracy via precise tooling and post-processing. Common errors include ignoring chamfer specs; resolve by adhering to grade-specific tables.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n
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7. Impact of GB\/T 3103.3-2020 on Industry<\/h2>\r\nThis standard enhances material research by standardizing tolerances, aids quality control in manufacturing, and supports applications in high-precision sectors like aerospace, where grade A washers ensure reliability.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n
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8. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)<\/h2>\r\n
\r\n

What is the difference between product grades A, C, and F?<\/h3>\r\nGrade A offers the tightest tolerances for precision applications, C for general use, and F for fine tolerances in specific scenarios, as detailed in the tables.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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When should tolerances be measured?<\/h3>\r\nTolerances apply before surface treatment, with thickness and flatness measured after deburring to avoid inaccuracies from manufacturing artifacts.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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How does this standard compare to ISO 4759-3?<\/h3>\r\nGB\/T 3103.3-2020 is equivalent to ISO 4759-3:2016, ensuring global compatibility for tolerances on flat washers.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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What if product standards differ from this?<\/h3>\r\nProduct-specific standards take precedence, but deviations require technical justification.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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Are chamfers mandatory?<\/h3>\r\nMinimum chamfers are specified to prevent sharp edges, with values based on thickness and grade; for combined washers, position may need specification.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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How to select the appropriate grade for an application?<\/h3>\r\nChoose based on assembly precision: A for high-load critical parts, C for standard bolting, considering factors like vibration and load distribution.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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