{"id":5751,"date":"2025-12-24T05:09:10","date_gmt":"2025-12-24T05:09:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/?p=5751"},"modified":"2025-12-24T05:09:10","modified_gmt":"2025-12-24T05:09:10","slug":"gb-t-197-2018-thread-tolerance-standard","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/blog\/gb-t-197-2018-thread-tolerance-standard\/","title":{"rendered":"Piawaian Toleransi Benang GB\/T 197-2018"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-bottom: 40px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #444; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">Pengenalan kepada Piawaian<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0;\">GB\/T 197-2018 menetapkan toleransi untuk ulir skru metrik tujuan umum, memastikan kebolehtukaran dan prestasi dalam aplikasi mekanikal. Piawaian ini mentakrifkan sisihan asas, toleransi diameter, panjang penglibatan dan zon pilihan untuk ulir dalaman dan luaran, yang boleh digunakan untuk industri seperti automotif, aeroangkasa dan jentera.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0;\">Toleransi dikategorikan mengikut gred (3 hingga 9), dengan nombor yang lebih rendah menunjukkan ketepatan yang lebih tinggi. Penyimpangan asas (EI\/es) meletakkan medan toleransi, manakala toleransi (T) menentukan lebarnya. Piawaian ini menyokong tiga kumpulan panjang penglibatan: pendek (S), normal (N), dan panjang (L), membimbing jenis padanan daripada kelegaan kepada gangguan.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 10px 0 10px 20px;\">\n<li>Benang dalaman menggunakan kedudukan G dan H.<\/li>\n<li>Benang luaran menggunakan a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h.<\/li>\n<li>Zon pilihan seperti 6H\/6g memastikan padanan yang andal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0;\">Panduan ini memberikan pandangan praktikal untuk memilih toleransi, mengoptimumkan reka bentuk untuk kebolehkilangan dan kefungsian.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 40px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #444; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">Penyimpangan Asas untuk Benang Dalaman dan Luaran<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0;\">Jadual 1 menyenaraikan sisihan asas (EI untuk dalaman, es untuk luaran) dalam \u03bcm, mengikut pic (P). Ini meletakkan zon toleransi relatif kepada profil asas, penting untuk kawalan padanan.<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrapper\" style=\"overflow-x: auto; margin: 20px 0;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"4\">Pitch P (mm)<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"10\">Sisihan Asas (\u03bcm)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">Benang Dalaman<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"8\">Benang Luaran<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"2\">G EI<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"2\">H EI<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"2\">a es<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"2\">b es<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"2\">c es<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"2\">d es<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"2\">e es<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"2\">f es<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"2\">g es<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"2\">h es<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.2<\/td>\n<td>17<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>-17<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.25<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>-18<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.3<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>-18<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.35<\/td>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>-34<\/td>\n<td>-19<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.4<\/td>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>-34<\/td>\n<td>-19<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.45<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>-35<\/td>\n<td>-20<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.5<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>-50<\/td>\n<td>-36<\/td>\n<td>-20<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.6<\/td>\n<td>21<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>-53<\/td>\n<td>-36<\/td>\n<td>-21<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.7<\/td>\n<td>22<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>-56<\/td>\n<td>-38<\/td>\n<td>-22<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.75<\/td>\n<td>22<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>-56<\/td>\n<td>-38<\/td>\n<td>-22<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.8<\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>-60<\/td>\n<td>-38<\/td>\n<td>-24<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">1<\/td>\n<td>26<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>-290<\/td>\n<td>-200<\/td>\n<td>-130<\/td>\n<td>-85<\/td>\n<td>-60<\/td>\n<td>-40<\/td>\n<td>-26<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">1.25<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>-295<\/td>\n<td>-205<\/td>\n<td>-135<\/td>\n<td>-90<\/td>\n<td>-63<\/td>\n<td>-42<\/td>\n<td>-28<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">1.5<\/td>\n<td>32<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>-300<\/td>\n<td>-212<\/td>\n<td>-140<\/td>\n<td>-95<\/td>\n<td>-67<\/td>\n<td>-45<\/td>\n<td>-32<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">1.75<\/td>\n<td>34<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>-310<\/td>\n<td>-220<\/td>\n<td>-145<\/td>\n<td>-100<\/td>\n<td>-71<\/td>\n<td>-48<\/td>\n<td>-34<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">2<\/td>\n<td>38<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>-315<\/td>\n<td>-225<\/td>\n<td>-150<\/td>\n<td>-105<\/td>\n<td>-71<\/td>\n<td>-52<\/td>\n<td>-38<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td>42<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>-325<\/td>\n<td>-235<\/td>\n<td>-160<\/td>\n<td>-110<\/td>\n<td>-80<\/td>\n<td>-58<\/td>\n<td>-42<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">3<\/td>\n<td>48<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>-335<\/td>\n<td>-245<\/td>\n<td>-170<\/td>\n<td>-115<\/td>\n<td>-85<\/td>\n<td>-63<\/td>\n<td>-48<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">3.5<\/td>\n<td>53<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>-345<\/td>\n<td>-255<\/td>\n<td>-180<\/td>\n<td>-125<\/td>\n<td>-90<\/td>\n<td>-70<\/td>\n<td>-53<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">4<\/td>\n<td>60<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>-355<\/td>\n<td>-265<\/td>\n<td>-190<\/td>\n<td>-130<\/td>\n<td>-95<\/td>\n<td>-75<\/td>\n<td>-60<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">4.5<\/td>\n<td>63<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>-365<\/td>\n<td>-280<\/td>\n<td>-200<\/td>\n<td>-135<\/td>\n<td>-100<\/td>\n<td>-80<\/td>\n<td>-63<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">5<\/td>\n<td>71<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>-375<\/td>\n<td>-290<\/td>\n<td>-212<\/td>\n<td>-140<\/td>\n<td>-106<\/td>\n<td>-85<\/td>\n<td>-71<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">5.5<\/td>\n<td>75<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>-385<\/td>\n<td>-300<\/td>\n<td>-224<\/td>\n<td>-150<\/td>\n<td>-112<\/td>\n<td>-90<\/td>\n<td>-75<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">6<\/td>\n<td>80<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>-395<\/td>\n<td>-310<\/td>\n<td>-236<\/td>\n<td>-155<\/td>\n<td>-118<\/td>\n<td>-95<\/td>\n<td>-80<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">8<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>-425<\/td>\n<td>-340<\/td>\n<td>-265<\/td>\n<td>-180<\/td>\n<td>-140<\/td>\n<td>-118<\/td>\n<td>-100<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0;\">Gunakan sisihan untuk menentukan kesesuaian: positif untuk kelegaan dalam dalaman, negatif untuk luaran untuk mencapai gangguan atau kelegaan yang diingini.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 40px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #444; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">Toleransi untuk Diameter Kecil Benang Dalaman (T_{D1})<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0;\">Jadual 2 menyatakan T_{D1} dalam \u03bcm mengikut pic, untuk gred 4 hingga 8. Ini memastikan kelegaan akar yang betul, sekali gus mencegah gangguan.<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrapper\" style=\"overflow-x: auto; margin: 20px 0;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"2\">Pitch P (mm)<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"5\">Gred Toleransi<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">4<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">5<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">6<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">7<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">8<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.2<\/td>\n<td>38<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.25<\/td>\n<td>45<\/td>\n<td>56<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.3<\/td>\n<td>53<\/td>\n<td>67<\/td>\n<td>85<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.35<\/td>\n<td>63<\/td>\n<td>80<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.4<\/td>\n<td>71<\/td>\n<td>90<\/td>\n<td>112<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.45<\/td>\n<td>80<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>125<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.5<\/td>\n<td>90<\/td>\n<td>112<\/td>\n<td>140<\/td>\n<td>180<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.6<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>125<\/td>\n<td>160<\/td>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.7<\/td>\n<td>112<\/td>\n<td>140<\/td>\n<td>180<\/td>\n<td>224<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.75<\/td>\n<td>118<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>190<\/td>\n<td>236<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.8<\/td>\n<td>125<\/td>\n<td>160<\/td>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<td>250<\/td>\n<td>315<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">1<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>190<\/td>\n<td>236<\/td>\n<td>300<\/td>\n<td>375<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">1.25<\/td>\n<td>170<\/td>\n<td>212<\/td>\n<td>265<\/td>\n<td>335<\/td>\n<td>425<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">1.5<\/td>\n<td>190<\/td>\n<td>236<\/td>\n<td>300<\/td>\n<td>375<\/td>\n<td>475<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">1.75<\/td>\n<td>212<\/td>\n<td>265<\/td>\n<td>335<\/td>\n<td>425<\/td>\n<td>530<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">2<\/td>\n<td>236<\/td>\n<td>300<\/td>\n<td>375<\/td>\n<td>475<\/td>\n<td>600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td>280<\/td>\n<td>355<\/td>\n<td>450<\/td>\n<td>560<\/td>\n<td>710<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">3<\/td>\n<td>315<\/td>\n<td>400<\/td>\n<td>500<\/td>\n<td>630<\/td>\n<td>800<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">3.5<\/td>\n<td>355<\/td>\n<td>450<\/td>\n<td>560<\/td>\n<td>710<\/td>\n<td>900<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">4<\/td>\n<td>375<\/td>\n<td>475<\/td>\n<td>600<\/td>\n<td>750<\/td>\n<td>950<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">4.5<\/td>\n<td>425<\/td>\n<td>530<\/td>\n<td>670<\/td>\n<td>850<\/td>\n<td>1060<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">5<\/td>\n<td>450<\/td>\n<td>560<\/td>\n<td>710<\/td>\n<td>900<\/td>\n<td>1120<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">5.5<\/td>\n<td>475<\/td>\n<td>600<\/td>\n<td>750<\/td>\n<td>950<\/td>\n<td>1180<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">6<\/td>\n<td>500<\/td>\n<td>630<\/td>\n<td>800<\/td>\n<td>1000<\/td>\n<td>1250<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">8<\/td>\n<td>630<\/td>\n<td>800<\/td>\n<td>1000<\/td>\n<td>1250<\/td>\n<td>1600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0;\">Gred yang lebih tinggi memberikan toleransi yang lebih ketat, sesuai untuk padanan ketepatan dalam pic kecil.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 40px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #444; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">Toleransi untuk Diameter Utama Benang Luaran (T_d)<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0;\">Jadual 3 mentakrifkan T_d dalam \u03bcm mengikut pic, untuk gred 4, 6, 8. Ini mengawal kelegaan puncak, mempengaruhi kekuatan ulir.<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrapper\" style=\"overflow-x: auto; margin: 20px 0;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"2\">Pitch P (mm)<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"3\">Gred Toleransi<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">4<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">6<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">8<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.2<\/td>\n<td>36<\/td>\n<td>56<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.25<\/td>\n<td>42<\/td>\n<td>67<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.3<\/td>\n<td>48<\/td>\n<td>75<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.35<\/td>\n<td>53<\/td>\n<td>85<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.4<\/td>\n<td>60<\/td>\n<td>95<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.45<\/td>\n<td>63<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.5<\/td>\n<td>67<\/td>\n<td>106<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.6<\/td>\n<td>80<\/td>\n<td>125<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.7<\/td>\n<td>90<\/td>\n<td>140<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.75<\/td>\n<td>90<\/td>\n<td>140<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.8<\/td>\n<td>95<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">1<\/td>\n<td>112<\/td>\n<td>180<\/td>\n<td>280<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">1.25<\/td>\n<td>132<\/td>\n<td>212<\/td>\n<td>335<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">1.5<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>236<\/td>\n<td>375<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">1.75<\/td>\n<td>170<\/td>\n<td>265<\/td>\n<td>425<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">2<\/td>\n<td>180<\/td>\n<td>280<\/td>\n<td>450<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td>212<\/td>\n<td>335<\/td>\n<td>530<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">3<\/td>\n<td>236<\/td>\n<td>375<\/td>\n<td>600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">3.5<\/td>\n<td>265<\/td>\n<td>425<\/td>\n<td>670<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">4<\/td>\n<td>300<\/td>\n<td>475<\/td>\n<td>750<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">4.5<\/td>\n<td>315<\/td>\n<td>500<\/td>\n<td>800<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">5<\/td>\n<td>335<\/td>\n<td>530<\/td>\n<td>850<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">5.5<\/td>\n<td>355<\/td>\n<td>560<\/td>\n<td>900<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">6<\/td>\n<td>375<\/td>\n<td>600<\/td>\n<td>950<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">8<\/td>\n<td>450<\/td>\n<td>710<\/td>\n<td>1180<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0;\">Gred 4 dan 6 adalah untuk ketepatan, 8 untuk padanan longgar dalam padang yang lebih besar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 40px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #444; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">Toleransi untuk Diameter Pitch Benang Dalaman (T_{D2})<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0;\">Jadual 4 menyediakan T_{D2} dalam \u03bcm, dibahagikan mengikut diameter utama (D) dan pic, untuk gred 4 hingga 8. Toleransi diameter pic adalah kritikal untuk kapasiti galas beban.<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrapper\" style=\"overflow-x: auto; margin: 20px 0;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">Diameter Utama D (mm)<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"2\">Pitch P (mm)<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"5\">Gred Toleransi<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">&gt;<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">\u2264<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">4<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">5<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">6<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">7<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">8<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"3\">0.99<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">1.4<\/td>\n<td>0.2<\/td>\n<td>40<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.25<\/td>\n<td>45<\/td>\n<td>56<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.3<\/td>\n<td>48<\/td>\n<td>60<\/td>\n<td>75<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"5\">1.4<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\">2.8<\/td>\n<td>0.2<\/td>\n<td>42<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.25<\/td>\n<td>48<\/td>\n<td>60<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.35<\/td>\n<td>53<\/td>\n<td>67<\/td>\n<td>85<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.4<\/td>\n<td>56<\/td>\n<td>71<\/td>\n<td>90<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.45<\/td>\n<td>60<\/td>\n<td>75<\/td>\n<td>95<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"6\">2.8<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"6\">5.6<\/td>\n<td>0.35<\/td>\n<td>56<\/td>\n<td>71<\/td>\n<td>90<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.5<\/td>\n<td>63<\/td>\n<td>80<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>125<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.6<\/td>\n<td>71<\/td>\n<td>90<\/td>\n<td>112<\/td>\n<td>140<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.7<\/td>\n<td>75<\/td>\n<td>95<\/td>\n<td>118<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.75<\/td>\n<td>75<\/td>\n<td>95<\/td>\n<td>118<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.8<\/td>\n<td>80<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>125<\/td>\n<td>160<\/td>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"4\">5.6<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">11.2<\/td>\n<td>0.75<\/td>\n<td>85<\/td>\n<td>106<\/td>\n<td>132<\/td>\n<td>170<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>95<\/td>\n<td>118<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>190<\/td>\n<td>236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.25<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>125<\/td>\n<td>160<\/td>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<td>250<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.5<\/td>\n<td>112<\/td>\n<td>140<\/td>\n<td>180<\/td>\n<td>224<\/td>\n<td>280<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"6\">11.2<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"6\">22.4<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>125<\/td>\n<td>160<\/td>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<td>250<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.25<\/td>\n<td>112<\/td>\n<td>140<\/td>\n<td>180<\/td>\n<td>224<\/td>\n<td>280<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.5<\/td>\n<td>118<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>190<\/td>\n<td>236<\/td>\n<td>300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.75<\/td>\n<td>125<\/td>\n<td>160<\/td>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<td>250<\/td>\n<td>315<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>132<\/td>\n<td>170<\/td>\n<td>212<\/td>\n<td>265<\/td>\n<td>335<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2.5<\/td>\n<td>140<\/td>\n<td>180<\/td>\n<td>224<\/td>\n<td>280<\/td>\n<td>355<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"7\">22.4<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"7\">45<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>106<\/td>\n<td>132<\/td>\n<td>170<\/td>\n<td>212<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.5<\/td>\n<td>125<\/td>\n<td>160<\/td>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<td>250<\/td>\n<td>315<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>140<\/td>\n<td>180<\/td>\n<td>224<\/td>\n<td>280<\/td>\n<td>355<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>170<\/td>\n<td>212<\/td>\n<td>265<\/td>\n<td>335<\/td>\n<td>425<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3.5<\/td>\n<td>180<\/td>\n<td>224<\/td>\n<td>280<\/td>\n<td>355<\/td>\n<td>450<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>190<\/td>\n<td>236<\/td>\n<td>300<\/td>\n<td>375<\/td>\n<td>475<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4.5<\/td>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<td>250<\/td>\n<td>315<\/td>\n<td>400<\/td>\n<td>500<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"7\">45<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"7\">90<\/td>\n<td>1.5<\/td>\n<td>132<\/td>\n<td>170<\/td>\n<td>212<\/td>\n<td>265<\/td>\n<td>335<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>190<\/td>\n<td>236<\/td>\n<td>300<\/td>\n<td>375<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>180<\/td>\n<td>224<\/td>\n<td>280<\/td>\n<td>355<\/td>\n<td>450<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<td>250<\/td>\n<td>315<\/td>\n<td>400<\/td>\n<td>500<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>212<\/td>\n<td>265<\/td>\n<td>335<\/td>\n<td>425<\/td>\n<td>530<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5.5<\/td>\n<td>224<\/td>\n<td>280<\/td>\n<td>355<\/td>\n<td>450<\/td>\n<td>560<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>236<\/td>\n<td>300<\/td>\n<td>375<\/td>\n<td>475<\/td>\n<td>600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"5\">90<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\">180<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>160<\/td>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<td>250<\/td>\n<td>315<\/td>\n<td>400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>190<\/td>\n<td>236<\/td>\n<td>300<\/td>\n<td>375<\/td>\n<td>475<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>212<\/td>\n<td>265<\/td>\n<td>335<\/td>\n<td>425<\/td>\n<td>530<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>250<\/td>\n<td>315<\/td>\n<td>400<\/td>\n<td>500<\/td>\n<td>630<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>280<\/td>\n<td>355<\/td>\n<td>450<\/td>\n<td>560<\/td>\n<td>710<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"4\">180<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">355<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>212<\/td>\n<td>265<\/td>\n<td>335<\/td>\n<td>425<\/td>\n<td>530<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>236<\/td>\n<td>300<\/td>\n<td>375<\/td>\n<td>475<\/td>\n<td>600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>265<\/td>\n<td>335<\/td>\n<td>425<\/td>\n<td>530<\/td>\n<td>670<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>300<\/td>\n<td>375<\/td>\n<td>475<\/td>\n<td>600<\/td>\n<td>750<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0;\">Toleransi meningkat dengan diameter dan pic, membolehkan variasi pembuatan dalam benang yang lebih besar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 40px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #444; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">Toleransi untuk Diameter Pitch Benang Luaran (T_{d2})<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0;\">Jadual 5 memperincikan T_{d2} dalam \u03bcm, mengikut diameter major (d) dan pic, untuk gred 3 hingga 9. Ini adalah penting untuk penglibatan benang dan pengagihan beban.<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrapper\" style=\"overflow-x: auto; margin: 20px 0;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">Diameter Utama d (mm)<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"2\">Pitch P (mm)<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"7\">Gred Toleransi<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">&gt;<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">\u2264<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">3<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">4<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">5<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">6<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">7<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">8<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">9<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"3\">0.99<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">1.4<\/td>\n<td>0.2<\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td>38<\/td>\n<td>48<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.25<\/td>\n<td>26<\/td>\n<td>34<\/td>\n<td>42<\/td>\n<td>53<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.3<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>36<\/td>\n<td>45<\/td>\n<td>56<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"5\">1.4<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\">2.8<\/td>\n<td>0.2<\/td>\n<td>25<\/td>\n<td>32<\/td>\n<td>40<\/td>\n<td>50<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.25<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>36<\/td>\n<td>45<\/td>\n<td>56<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.35<\/td>\n<td>32<\/td>\n<td>40<\/td>\n<td>50<\/td>\n<td>63<\/td>\n<td>80<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.4<\/td>\n<td>34<\/td>\n<td>42<\/td>\n<td>53<\/td>\n<td>67<\/td>\n<td>85<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.45<\/td>\n<td>36<\/td>\n<td>45<\/td>\n<td>56<\/td>\n<td>71<\/td>\n<td>90<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"6\">2.8<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"6\">5.6<\/td>\n<td>0.35<\/td>\n<td>34<\/td>\n<td>42<\/td>\n<td>53<\/td>\n<td>67<\/td>\n<td>85<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.5<\/td>\n<td>38<\/td>\n<td>48<\/td>\n<td>60<\/td>\n<td>75<\/td>\n<td>95<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.6<\/td>\n<td>42<\/td>\n<td>53<\/td>\n<td>67<\/td>\n<td>85<\/td>\n<td>106<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.7<\/td>\n<td>45<\/td>\n<td>56<\/td>\n<td>71<\/td>\n<td>90<\/td>\n<td>112<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.75<\/td>\n<td>45<\/td>\n<td>56<\/td>\n<td>71<\/td>\n<td>90<\/td>\n<td>112<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.8<\/td>\n<td>48<\/td>\n<td>60<\/td>\n<td>75<\/td>\n<td>95<\/td>\n<td>118<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>190<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"4\">5.6<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">11.2<\/td>\n<td>0.75<\/td>\n<td>50<\/td>\n<td>63<\/td>\n<td>80<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>125<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<td>–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>56<\/td>\n<td>71<\/td>\n<td>90<\/td>\n<td>112<\/td>\n<td>140<\/td>\n<td>180<\/td>\n<td>224<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.25<\/td>\n<td>60<\/td>\n<td>75<\/td>\n<td>95<\/td>\n<td>118<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>190<\/td>\n<td>236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.5<\/td>\n<td>67<\/td>\n<td>85<\/td>\n<td>106<\/td>\n<td>132<\/td>\n<td>170<\/td>\n<td>212<\/td>\n<td>265<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"6\">11.2<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"6\">22.4<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>60<\/td>\n<td>75<\/td>\n<td>95<\/td>\n<td>118<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>190<\/td>\n<td>236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.25<\/td>\n<td>67<\/td>\n<td>85<\/td>\n<td>106<\/td>\n<td>132<\/td>\n<td>170<\/td>\n<td>212<\/td>\n<td>265<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.5<\/td>\n<td>71<\/td>\n<td>90<\/td>\n<td>112<\/td>\n<td>140<\/td>\n<td>180<\/td>\n<td>224<\/td>\n<td>280<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.75<\/td>\n<td>75<\/td>\n<td>95<\/td>\n<td>118<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>190<\/td>\n<td>236<\/td>\n<td>300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>80<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>125<\/td>\n<td>160<\/td>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<td>250<\/td>\n<td>315<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2.5<\/td>\n<td>85<\/td>\n<td>106<\/td>\n<td>132<\/td>\n<td>170<\/td>\n<td>212<\/td>\n<td>265<\/td>\n<td>335<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"7\">22.4<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"7\">45<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>63<\/td>\n<td>80<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>125<\/td>\n<td>160<\/td>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<td>250<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.5<\/td>\n<td>75<\/td>\n<td>95<\/td>\n<td>118<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>190<\/td>\n<td>236<\/td>\n<td>300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>85<\/td>\n<td>106<\/td>\n<td>132<\/td>\n<td>170<\/td>\n<td>212<\/td>\n<td>265<\/td>\n<td>335<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>125<\/td>\n<td>160<\/td>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<td>250<\/td>\n<td>315<\/td>\n<td>400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3.5<\/td>\n<td>106<\/td>\n<td>132<\/td>\n<td>170<\/td>\n<td>212<\/td>\n<td>265<\/td>\n<td>335<\/td>\n<td>425<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>112<\/td>\n<td>140<\/td>\n<td>180<\/td>\n<td>224<\/td>\n<td>280<\/td>\n<td>355<\/td>\n<td>450<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4.5<\/td>\n<td>118<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>190<\/td>\n<td>236<\/td>\n<td>300<\/td>\n<td>375<\/td>\n<td>475<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"7\">45<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"7\">90<\/td>\n<td>1.5<\/td>\n<td>80<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>125<\/td>\n<td>160<\/td>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<td>250<\/td>\n<td>315<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>90<\/td>\n<td>112<\/td>\n<td>140<\/td>\n<td>180<\/td>\n<td>224<\/td>\n<td>280<\/td>\n<td>355<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>106<\/td>\n<td>132<\/td>\n<td>170<\/td>\n<td>212<\/td>\n<td>265<\/td>\n<td>335<\/td>\n<td>425<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>118<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>190<\/td>\n<td>236<\/td>\n<td>300<\/td>\n<td>375<\/td>\n<td>475<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>125<\/td>\n<td>160<\/td>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<td>250<\/td>\n<td>315<\/td>\n<td>400<\/td>\n<td>500<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5.5<\/td>\n<td>132<\/td>\n<td>170<\/td>\n<td>212<\/td>\n<td>265<\/td>\n<td>335<\/td>\n<td>425<\/td>\n<td>530<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>140<\/td>\n<td>180<\/td>\n<td>224<\/td>\n<td>280<\/td>\n<td>355<\/td>\n<td>450<\/td>\n<td>560<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"5\">90<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\">180<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>95<\/td>\n<td>118<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>190<\/td>\n<td>236<\/td>\n<td>300<\/td>\n<td>375<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>112<\/td>\n<td>140<\/td>\n<td>180<\/td>\n<td>224<\/td>\n<td>280<\/td>\n<td>355<\/td>\n<td>450<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>125<\/td>\n<td>160<\/td>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<td>250<\/td>\n<td>315<\/td>\n<td>400<\/td>\n<td>500<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>190<\/td>\n<td>236<\/td>\n<td>300<\/td>\n<td>375<\/td>\n<td>475<\/td>\n<td>600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>170<\/td>\n<td>212<\/td>\n<td>265<\/td>\n<td>335<\/td>\n<td>425<\/td>\n<td>530<\/td>\n<td>670<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"4\">180<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">355<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>125<\/td>\n<td>160<\/td>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<td>250<\/td>\n<td>315<\/td>\n<td>400<\/td>\n<td>500<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>140<\/td>\n<td>180<\/td>\n<td>224<\/td>\n<td>280<\/td>\n<td>355<\/td>\n<td>450<\/td>\n<td>560<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>160<\/td>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<td>250<\/td>\n<td>315<\/td>\n<td>400<\/td>\n<td>500<\/td>\n<td>630<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>180<\/td>\n<td>224<\/td>\n<td>280<\/td>\n<td>355<\/td>\n<td>450<\/td>\n<td>560<\/td>\n<td>710<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0;\">Gred 3 adalah untuk ketepatan ultra, sehingga 9 untuk padanan kasar dalam diameter besar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 40px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #444; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">Panjang Penglibatan Benang<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0;\">Jadual 6 mentakrifkan panjang penglibatan dalam mm mengikut diameter major dan pic, dikumpulkan sebagai S (pendek), N (normal), L (panjang). Ini mempengaruhi pemilihan toleransi untuk kapasiti beban.<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrapper\" style=\"overflow-x: auto; margin: 20px 0;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">Diameter Utama D\/d (mm)<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"3\">Pitch P (mm)<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\">S \u2264<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">N<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\">L &gt;<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">&gt;<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">\u2264<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">&gt;<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">\u2264<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"3\">0.99<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">1.4<\/td>\n<td>0.2<\/td>\n<td>0.5<\/td>\n<td>0.5<\/td>\n<td>1.4<\/td>\n<td>1.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.25<\/td>\n<td>0.6<\/td>\n<td>0.6<\/td>\n<td>1.7<\/td>\n<td>1.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.3<\/td>\n<td>0.7<\/td>\n<td>0.7<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"5\">1.4<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\">2.8<\/td>\n<td>0.2<\/td>\n<td>0.5<\/td>\n<td>0.5<\/td>\n<td>1.5<\/td>\n<td>1.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.25<\/td>\n<td>0.6<\/td>\n<td>0.6<\/td>\n<td>1.9<\/td>\n<td>1.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.35<\/td>\n<td>0.8<\/td>\n<td>0.8<\/td>\n<td>2.6<\/td>\n<td>2.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.4<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.45<\/td>\n<td>1.3<\/td>\n<td>1.3<\/td>\n<td>3.8<\/td>\n<td>3.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"6\">2.8<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"6\">5.6<\/td>\n<td>0.35<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.5<\/td>\n<td>1.5<\/td>\n<td>1.5<\/td>\n<td>4.5<\/td>\n<td>4.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.6<\/td>\n<td>1.7<\/td>\n<td>1.7<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.7<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.75<\/td>\n<td>2.2<\/td>\n<td>2.2<\/td>\n<td>6.7<\/td>\n<td>6.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.8<\/td>\n<td>2.5<\/td>\n<td>2.5<\/td>\n<td>7.5<\/td>\n<td>7.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"4\">5.6<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">11.2<\/td>\n<td>0.75<\/td>\n<td>2.4<\/td>\n<td>2.4<\/td>\n<td>7.1<\/td>\n<td>7.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.25<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.5<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"6\">11.2<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"6\">22.4<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>3.8<\/td>\n<td>3.8<\/td>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.25<\/td>\n<td>4.5<\/td>\n<td>4.5<\/td>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.5<\/td>\n<td>5.6<\/td>\n<td>5.6<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.75<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2.5<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"7\">22.4<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"7\">45<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.5<\/td>\n<td>6.3<\/td>\n<td>6.3<\/td>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>8.5<\/td>\n<td>8.5<\/td>\n<td>25<\/td>\n<td>25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>36<\/td>\n<td>36<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3.5<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>45<\/td>\n<td>45<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>53<\/td>\n<td>53<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4.5<\/td>\n<td>21<\/td>\n<td>21<\/td>\n<td>63<\/td>\n<td>63<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"7\">45<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"7\">90<\/td>\n<td>1.5<\/td>\n<td>7.5<\/td>\n<td>7.5<\/td>\n<td>22<\/td>\n<td>22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>9.5<\/td>\n<td>9.5<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>45<\/td>\n<td>45<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<td>56<\/td>\n<td>56<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<td>71<\/td>\n<td>71<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5.5<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>85<\/td>\n<td>85<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>32<\/td>\n<td>32<\/td>\n<td>95<\/td>\n<td>95<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"5\">90<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\">180<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>36<\/td>\n<td>36<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>53<\/td>\n<td>53<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<td>71<\/td>\n<td>71<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>36<\/td>\n<td>36<\/td>\n<td>106<\/td>\n<td>106<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>45<\/td>\n<td>45<\/td>\n<td>132<\/td>\n<td>132<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"4\">180<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">355<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>60<\/td>\n<td>60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>26<\/td>\n<td>26<\/td>\n<td>80<\/td>\n<td>80<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>40<\/td>\n<td>40<\/td>\n<td>118<\/td>\n<td>118<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>50<\/td>\n<td>50<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0;\">Pilih kumpulan berdasarkan aplikasi: S untuk kerja singkat, L untuk beban tinggi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 40px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #444; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">Zon Toleransi Pilihan<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0;\">Zon pilihan menggabungkan sisihan dan toleransi untuk padanan sepunya. Untuk benang dalaman: 4G, 5G, 6G, 4H, 5H, 6H, 7H, 8H. Untuk luaran: 4h, 5g6g, 6e, 6f, 6g, 6h, 7g6g, 8g. Contoh: 6H\/6g untuk padanan pelepasan ketepatan sederhana.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0;\">Zon-zon ini memudahkan pemilihan standard, memastikan keserasian dalam rantaian bekalan global.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 40px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #444; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">Soalan Lazim (FAQ)<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<ol style=\"margin: 10px 0 10px 20px;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol style=\"margin: 10px 0 10px 20px;\">\n<li><strong>Apakah peranan sisihan asas?<\/strong><br \/>\nMereka meletakkan zon toleransi, menentukan jenis kesesuaian: EI positif untuk kelegaan dalaman, es negatif untuk luaran.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n<ol style=\"margin: 10px 0 10px 20px;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol style=\"margin: 10px 0 10px 20px;\">\n<li><strong>Bagaimana untuk memilih kumpulan tempoh pertunangan?<\/strong><br \/>\nPilih S untuk pendek, N untuk normal, L untuk panjang berdasarkan beban dan getaran; L memberikan kekuatan yang lebih baik tetapi memerlukan toleransi yang lebih ketat.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n<ol style=\"margin: 10px 0 10px 20px;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol style=\"margin: 10px 0 10px 20px;\">\n<li><strong>Mengapakah toleransi diameter pic penting?<\/strong><br \/>\nIa mengawal kawasan sentuhan, mempengaruhi pengagihan beban dan rintangan lesu; gred yang lebih ketat menghalang kelonggaran.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n<ol style=\"margin: 10px 0 10px 20px;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol style=\"margin: 10px 0 10px 20px;\">\n<li><strong>Apakah zon toleransi pilihan seperti 6H\/6g?<\/strong><br \/>\nIa menggabungkan gred 6 dengan sisihan H\/g untuk padanan pelepasan ketepatan sederhana, digunakan secara meluas dalam kejuruteraan am.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n<ol style=\"margin: 10px 0 10px 20px;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol style=\"margin: 10px 0 10px 20px;\">\n<li><strong>Bagaimanakah toleransi berbeza dengan pic dan diameter?<\/strong><br \/>\nIa meningkat dengan pic dan diameter yang lebih besar untuk menampung cabaran pembuatan sambil mengekalkan fungsi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n<ol style=\"margin: 10px 0 10px 20px;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol style=\"margin: 10px 0 10px 20px;\">\n<li><strong>Bolehkah piawaian ini terpakai pada benang bersalut?<\/strong><br \/>\nYa, dengan pelarasan; tetapkan sebagai contohnya, 6g (sebelum salutan) untuk kesesuaian selepas salutan mengikut garis panduan lampiran.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction to the Standard GB\/T 197-2018 specifies tolerances for general purpose metric screw threads, ensuring interchangeability and performance in mechanical applications. This standard defines fundamental deviations, diameter tolerances, engagement lengths, and preferred zones for internal and external threads, applicable to industries like automotive, aerospace, and machinery. Tolerances are categorized by grades (3 to 9), with [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[220],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5751","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technical-documentation-and-references"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5751","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5751"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5751\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5753,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5751\/revisions\/5753"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5751"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5751"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5751"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}