{"id":5705,"date":"2025-12-24T01:41:35","date_gmt":"2025-12-24T01:41:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/?p=5705"},"modified":"2025-12-24T01:41:35","modified_gmt":"2025-12-24T01:41:35","slug":"gb-t-3098-8-bolts-for-200c-to-700c-use","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/blog\/gb-t-3098-8-bolts-for-200c-to-700c-use\/","title":{"rendered":"GB\/T 3098.8 Bolt untuk Kegunaan -200\u00b0C hingga +700\u00b0C"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Pengenalan kepada Piawaian GB\/T 3098.8<\/h2>\n

Piawaian ini menggariskan sifat mekanikal, bahan, pemeriksaan, pengenalpastian dan penandaan untuk bahagian sambungan berbolt yang beroperasi pada suhu ekstrem dari -200\u00b0C hingga +700\u00b0C. Ia memastikan kebolehpercayaan dalam aplikasi seperti bekas tekanan, dandang dan jentera suhu tinggi, melengkapi piawaian seperti GB\/T 3098.1, GB\/T 3098.6 dan DIN EN 10269.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Skop<\/h2>\n

GB\/T 3098.8-2010 menetapkan keperluan untuk pengikat yang diperbuat daripada keluli austenit untuk suhu rendah sehingga -200\u00b0C dan keluli\/aloi nikel untuk suhu tinggi sehingga +700\u00b0C. Ia merangkumi gred prestasi mekanikal, kaedah ujian dan padanan bahan untuk menjamin integriti struktur di bawah tekanan haba. Ini penting untuk industri yang memerlukan rintangan kepada rayapan, pengenduran dan kegagalan rapuh.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Digunakan pada bolt, skru, stud dan nat dalam sambungan berbolt.<\/li>\n
  • Memberi tumpuan kepada kapasiti galas beban penuh untuk operasi yang selamat dalam persekitaran yang ekstrem.<\/li>\n
  • Merujuk piawaian berkaitan untuk pematuhan komprehensif.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
    \n

    Bahan dan Sifat Mekanikal<\/h2>\n

    Bahan dipilih berdasarkan julat suhu untuk mengekalkan integriti mekanikal. Untuk suhu rendah, keluli austenit memberikan kemuluran; untuk suhu tinggi, keluli dan aloi nikel menawarkan kekuatan dan rintangan rayapan. Sifat mesti memenuhi kekerasan, kekuatan tegangan dan beban bukti yang ditentukan.<\/p>\n

    Bahan Suhu Rendah<\/h3>\n

    Jadual 1 menyenaraikan kumpulan keluli austenit untuk suhu kerja minimum hingga -200\u00b0C, dengan sifat setiap GB\/T 3098.6 dan GB\/T 3098.15. Kandungan kuprum \u22641%. Suhu yang lebih tinggi tidak memberi kesan; suhu yang lebih rendah memerlukan ujian prestasi mengikut keadaan.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Suhu Kerja Berterusan Minimum (Anggaran)<\/th>\nKumpulan Keluliseorang<\/sup><\/th>\nGred Prestasi<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    Bolt<\/th>\nKacang<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    -60\u00b0Cb<\/sup><\/td>\nA2L<\/td>\n50<\/td>\n50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    A2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    A3<\/td>\n70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    -200\u00b0Cc<\/sup><\/td>\nA4L<\/td>\n70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    A4<\/td>\n80<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    A5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    seorang<\/sup> Kandungan kuprum \u22641% (setiap GB\/T 3098.6 dan GB\/T 3098.15).
    \nb<\/sup> Bolt berkepala.
    \nc<\/sup> Kancing.<\/p>\n

    Bahan Suhu Tinggi<\/h3>\n

    Jadual 2 menyatakan keluli dan aloi nikel sehingga +700\u00b0C, dengan sifat mengikut Jadual 4 DIN EN 10269 untuk rawatan haba. Data rujukan untuk kekuatan alah, kekuatan rayapan dan pengenduran daripada Jadual 5 DIN EN 10269. Berkaitan dengan kepingan AD 2000-W2, W7, W10 dan VdTUV.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Julat Suhu Bekerja setiap DIN EN 10269<\/th>\nBahan<\/th>\nKekerasan\/HV Bolt dan\/atau Nat<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    min<\/th>\nJangka pendekseorang<\/sup> maksimum<\/th>\nJangka panjangb<\/sup> maksimum<\/th>\nSingkatan<\/th>\nNombor<\/th>\nGred<\/th>\nKeadaan<\/th>\nmin<\/th>\nmaksimum<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    -120\u00b0C<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\nKB<\/td>\n1.568<\/td>\nX12Ni5<\/td>\n+NT<\/td>\n157<\/td>\n203<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    +QT<\/td>\n173<\/td>\n235<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/<\/td>\n400\u00b0C<\/td>\n500\u00b0C<\/td>\nYd<\/td>\n1.1181<\/td>\nC35E<\/td>\n+N<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/<\/td>\n400\u00b0C<\/td>\n500\u00b0C<\/td>\nYK<\/td>\n1.1181<\/td>\nC35E<\/td>\n+QT<\/td>\n165<\/td>\n210<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/<\/td>\n400\u00b0C<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\nYB<\/td>\n1.5511<\/td>\n35B2g<\/sup><\/td>\n+QT<\/td>\n165<\/td>\n210<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    -60\u00b0C<\/td>\n500\u00b0C<\/td>\n550\u00b0C<\/td>\nKG<\/td>\n1.7218<\/td>\n25CrMo4<\/td>\n+QT<\/td>\n195<\/td>\n240<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    -100\u00b0C<\/td>\n500\u00b0C<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\nGC<\/td>\n1.7225<\/td>\n42CrMo4<\/td>\n+QT<\/td>\n275<\/td>\n337<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/<\/td>\n500\u00b0C<\/td>\n550\u00b0C<\/td>\nGA<\/td>\n1.7709<\/td>\n21CrMoV5-7<\/td>\n+QT<\/td>\n225<\/td>\n272<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/<\/td>\n600\u00b0C<\/td>\n550\u00b0C<\/td>\nGB<\/td>\n1.7711<\/td>\n40CrMoV46<\/td>\n+QT<\/td>\n272<\/td>\n320<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/<\/td>\n550\u00b0C<\/td>\n600\u00b0C<\/td>\nVe<\/td>\n1.4923<\/td>\nX22CrMoV12-1<\/td>\n+QT 1e<\/sup><\/td>\n256<\/td>\n303<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/<\/td>\n550\u00b0C<\/td>\n600\u00b0C<\/td>\nVHf<\/sup><\/td>\n1.4923<\/td>\nX22CrMoV12-1<\/td>\n+QT 2f<\/sup><\/td>\n287<\/td>\n367<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/<\/td>\n600\u00b0C<\/td>\n600\u00b0C<\/td>\nVW<\/td>\n1.4913<\/td>\nX19CrMoNbVN11-1<\/td>\n+QT<\/td>\n287<\/td>\n367<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/<\/td>\n650\u00b0C<\/td>\n670\u00b0C<\/td>\nS<\/td>\n1.4986<\/td>\nX7CrNiMoBNb16-16<\/td>\n+WW+P<\/td>\n210<\/td>\n272<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    -196\u00b0C<\/td>\n650\u00b0C<\/td>\n650\u00b0C<\/td>\nSD<\/td>\n1.498<\/td>\nX6NiCrTiMoVB25-15-2<\/td>\n+AT+P<\/td>\n287<\/td>\n367<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    -196\u00b0C<\/td>\n650\u00b0C<\/td>\n800\u00b0C<\/td>\nSB<\/td>\n2.4952<\/td>\nNiCr20TiAl<\/td>\n+AT+P<\/td>\n320<\/td>\n417<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    seorang<\/sup> Had suhu untuk alah dan kekuatan tegangan.
    \nb<\/sup> Had suhu untuk kekuatan rayapan dan pecah.
    \nc<\/sup> Keadaan mengikut DIN EN 10269 Jadual 4: +N (dinormalkan), +NT (dinormalkan dan dilembutkan), +QT (dipelindapkejutkan dan dilembutkan), +WW (dikerjakan secara panas), +AT (larutan disepuh lindap), +P (kerpasan yang dikeraskan).
    \nd<\/sup> Untuk kacang sahaja.
    \ne<\/sup> V setiap DIN EN 10269, Rp0.2 \u2265600 N\/mm\u00b2 (+QT1).
    \nf<\/sup> VH setiap DIN EN 10269, Rp0.2 \u2265600 N\/mm\u00b2 (+QT2).
    \ng<\/sup> Lihat VdTUV WB 490.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    Kapasiti Beban<\/h2>\n

    Nilai beban memastikan pengikat menahan tekanan operasi. Gunakan untuk pengesahan reka bentuk.<\/p>\n

    Beban Tegangan Minimum untuk Bolt Ulir Kasar<\/h3>\n

    Jadual 4a: As,nama<\/sub> \u00d7 Rm,min<\/sub> \/kN<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Saiz Benang d<\/th>\nKawasan Tekanan As,nama<\/sub> \/mm\u00b2<\/th>\nGred Keluli Tahan Karat Austenitik<\/th>\nAloi Keluli dan Nikel<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    50<\/th>\n70<\/th>\nKB<\/th>\nYK<\/th>\nKG<\/th>\nGA<\/th>\nGB<\/th>\nGC<\/th>\nV<\/th>\nVH<\/th>\nS<\/th>\nSD<\/th>\nSB<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    YB<\/th>\nVW<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    M3<\/td>\n5.03<\/td>\n2.52<\/td>\n3.52<\/td>\n2.67<\/td>\n2.52<\/td>\n3.02<\/td>\n3.52<\/td>\n4.28<\/td>\n4.33<\/td>\n4.02<\/td>\n4.53<\/td>\n3.27<\/td>\n4.53<\/td>\n5.03<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M3.5<\/td>\n6.78<\/td>\n3.39<\/td>\n4.75<\/td>\n3.59<\/td>\n3.39<\/td>\n4.07<\/td>\n4.75<\/td>\n5.76<\/td>\n5.83<\/td>\n5.42<\/td>\n6.1<\/td>\n4.41<\/td>\n6.1<\/td>\n6.78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M4<\/td>\n8.78<\/td>\n4.39<\/td>\n6.15<\/td>\n4.65<\/td>\n4.39<\/td>\n5.27<\/td>\n6.15<\/td>\n7.46<\/td>\n7.55<\/td>\n7.02<\/td>\n7.9<\/td>\n5.71<\/td>\n7.9<\/td>\n8.78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M5<\/td>\n14.2<\/td>\n7.1<\/td>\n9.94<\/td>\n7.53<\/td>\n7.1<\/td>\n8.52<\/td>\n9.94<\/td>\n12.1<\/td>\n12.2<\/td>\n11.4<\/td>\n12.8<\/td>\n9.23<\/td>\n12.8<\/td>\n14.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M6<\/td>\n20.1<\/td>\n10.1<\/td>\n14.1<\/td>\n10.7<\/td>\n10.1<\/td>\n12.1<\/td>\n14.1<\/td>\n17.1<\/td>\n17.3<\/td>\n16.1<\/td>\n18.1<\/td>\n13.1<\/td>\n18.1<\/td>\n20.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M7<\/td>\n28.9<\/td>\n14.5<\/td>\n20.2<\/td>\n15.3<\/td>\n14.5<\/td>\n17.3<\/td>\n20.2<\/td>\n24.6<\/td>\n24.9<\/td>\n23.1<\/td>\n26<\/td>\n18.8<\/td>\n26<\/td>\n28.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M8<\/td>\n36.6<\/td>\n18.3<\/td>\n25.6<\/td>\n19.4<\/td>\n18.3<\/td>\n22<\/td>\n25.6<\/td>\n31.1<\/td>\n31.5<\/td>\n29.3<\/td>\n32.9<\/td>\n23.8<\/td>\n32.9<\/td>\n36.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M10<\/td>\n58<\/td>\n29<\/td>\n40.6<\/td>\n30.7<\/td>\n29<\/td>\n34.8<\/td>\n40.6<\/td>\n49.3<\/td>\n49.9<\/td>\n46.4<\/td>\n52.2<\/td>\n37.7<\/td>\n52.2<\/td>\n58<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M12<\/td>\n84.3<\/td>\n42.2<\/td>\n59<\/td>\n44.7<\/td>\n42.2<\/td>\n50.6<\/td>\n59<\/td>\n71.7<\/td>\n72.5<\/td>\n67.4<\/td>\n75.9<\/td>\n54.8<\/td>\n75.9<\/td>\n84.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M14<\/td>\n115<\/td>\n57.5<\/td>\n80.5<\/td>\n61<\/td>\n57.5<\/td>\n69<\/td>\n80.5<\/td>\n97.8<\/td>\n98.9<\/td>\n92<\/td>\n104<\/td>\n74.8<\/td>\n104<\/td>\n115<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M16<\/td>\n157<\/td>\n78.5<\/td>\n110<\/td>\n83.2<\/td>\n78.5<\/td>\n94.2<\/td>\n110<\/td>\n133<\/td>\n135<\/td>\n126<\/td>\n141<\/td>\n102<\/td>\n141<\/td>\n157<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M18<\/td>\n192<\/td>\n96<\/td>\n134<\/td>\n102<\/td>\n96<\/td>\n115<\/td>\n134<\/td>\n163<\/td>\n165<\/td>\n154<\/td>\n173<\/td>\n125<\/td>\n173<\/td>\n192<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M20<\/td>\n245<\/td>\n123<\/td>\n172<\/td>\n130<\/td>\n123<\/td>\n147<\/td>\n172<\/td>\n208<\/td>\n211<\/td>\n196<\/td>\n221<\/td>\n159<\/td>\n221<\/td>\n245<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M22<\/td>\n303<\/td>\n152<\/td>\n212<\/td>\n161<\/td>\n152<\/td>\n182<\/td>\n212<\/td>\n258<\/td>\n261<\/td>\n242<\/td>\n273<\/td>\n197<\/td>\n273<\/td>\n303<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M24<\/td>\n353<\/td>\n177<\/td>\n247<\/td>\n187<\/td>\n177<\/td>\n212<\/td>\n247<\/td>\n300<\/td>\n304<\/td>\n282<\/td>\n318<\/td>\n229<\/td>\n318<\/td>\n353<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M27<\/td>\n459<\/td>\n230<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n243<\/td>\n230<\/td>\n275<\/td>\n321<\/td>\n390<\/td>\n395<\/td>\n367<\/td>\n413<\/td>\n298<\/td>\n413<\/td>\n459<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M30<\/td>\n561<\/td>\n281<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n297<\/td>\n281<\/td>\n337<\/td>\n393<\/td>\n477<\/td>\n482<\/td>\n449<\/td>\n505<\/td>\n365<\/td>\n505<\/td>\n561<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M33<\/td>\n694<\/td>\n347<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n368<\/td>\n347<\/td>\n416<\/td>\n486<\/td>\n590<\/td>\n597<\/td>\n555<\/td>\n625<\/td>\n451<\/td>\n625<\/td>\n694<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M36<\/td>\n817<\/td>\n409<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n433<\/td>\n409<\/td>\n490<\/td>\n572<\/td>\n694<\/td>\n703<\/td>\n654<\/td>\n735<\/td>\n531<\/td>\n735<\/td>\n817<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M39<\/td>\n976<\/td>\n488<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n517<\/td>\n488<\/td>\n586<\/td>\n683<\/td>\n830<\/td>\n839<\/td>\n781<\/td>\n878<\/td>\n634<\/td>\n878<\/td>\n976<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \n

    Kapasiti Galas Sambungan Bolt<\/h2>\n

    Untuk kapasiti penuh: Padankan bolt dan nat kapasiti penuh dengan ketinggian yang sesuai (Jenis 1 untuk kasar, Jenis 2 untuk halus), toleransi ulir dan nisbah kekuatan. Keretakan dalam ujian tegangan mesti berlaku pada bahagian tidak berulir setiap GB\/T 3098.1 atau 3098.6. Stud berpinggang setiap GB\/T 13807.2\/3 dengan toleransi setiap GB\/T 3103.4.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Lakukan ujian tegangan untuk mengesahkan beban minimum.<\/li>\n
    2. Pastikan ketinggian nat memenuhi keperluan jenis untuk pengagihan beban.<\/li>\n
    3. Padankan bahan untuk mengelakkan sambungan yang lemah dalam pemasangan.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
      \n

      Soalan Lazim<\/h2>\n

      Bahan apakah yang sesuai untuk aplikasi pada suhu -200\u00b0C?<\/h3>\n

      Keluli austenit seperti A4L, A4, A5 dengan gred 70 atau 80, memastikan kemuluran dan ketahanan mengikut Jadual 1.<\/p>\n

      Bagaimana untuk memilih bolt dan nat yang sepadan untuk suhu tinggi?<\/h3>\n

      Gunakan Jadual 3 untuk pasangan rasional, pastikan kekuatan nat >70% bolt dan toleransi ulir yang betul untuk kapasiti penuh.<\/p>\n

      Bagaimana jika suhu operasi melebihi +700\u00b0C?<\/h3>\n

      Had piawai kepada +700\u00b0C; untuk yang lebih tinggi, jalankan ujian rayapan dan pengenduran khusus mengikut garis panduan DIN EN 10269.<\/p>\n

      Mengapakah tekanan bukti yang lebih tinggi untuk kacang austenit?<\/h3>\n

      Untuk mengambil kira variasi pembuatan dalam kelompok kecil, memastikan kebolehpercayaan apabila dipadankan dengan bolt yang lebih lembut (lihat Jadual 3 nota b).<\/p>\n

      Bagaimana untuk menguji kapasiti galas beban penuh?<\/h3>\n

      Jalankan ujian tegangan mengikut GB\/T 3098.1 atau 3098.6, dengan mengesahkan lokasi patah dan beban minimum daripada Jadual 4a\/5a.<\/p>\n

      Adakah terdapat sekatan ke atas kandungan tembaga?<\/h3>\n

      Ya, \u22641% untuk keluli austenit bagi mengelakkan kerapuhan dalam perkhidmatan suhu rendah.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

       <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Introduction to GB\/T 3098.8 Standard This standard outlines mechanical properties, materials, inspection, identification, and marking for bolted connection parts operating in extreme temperatures from -200\u00b0C to +700\u00b0C. It ensures reliability in applications such as pressure vessels, boilers, and high-temperature machinery, supplementing standards like GB\/T 3098.1, GB\/T 3098.6, and DIN EN 10269. Scope GB\/T 3098.8-2010 specifies […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[220],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5705","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technical-documentation-and-references"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5705","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5705"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5705\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5707,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5705\/revisions\/5707"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5705"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5705"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5705"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}