{"id":5655,"date":"2025-12-23T03:41:05","date_gmt":"2025-12-23T03:41:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/?p=5655"},"modified":"2025-12-23T03:42:49","modified_gmt":"2025-12-23T03:42:49","slug":"gb-t-3098-25-2020-stainless-nickel-fasteners-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/blog\/gb-t-3098-25-2020-stainless-nickel-fasteners-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Panduan Pengikat Keluli Tahan Karat &amp; Nikel GB\/T 3098.25-2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 dir=\"auto\">Pengenalan kepada Piawaian GB\/T 3098.25-2020<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"auto\">GB\/T 3098.25-2020 ialah piawaian kebangsaan kritikal di China yang menyediakan garis panduan komprehensif untuk pemilihan pengikat keluli tahan karat dan aloi nikel berdasarkan ciri prestasi mekanikalnya. Piawaian ini merupakan sebahagian daripada siri GB\/T 3098 yang lebih luas, yang menangani sifat mekanikal pengikat, dan ia secara khusus memberi tumpuan kepada bahan seperti keluli tahan karat austenit, martensit, ferit, dupleks dan aloi nikel. Tujuan utamanya adalah untuk membantu jurutera, pereka dan pengeluar dalam memilih pengikat yang sesuai untuk aplikasi yang memerlukan rintangan kakisan, kekuatan dan ketahanan yang tinggi di bawah pelbagai keadaan persekitaran, seperti marin, pemprosesan kimia dan persekitaran suhu tinggi.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Skop piawaian ini merangkumi jadual komposisi kimia terperinci yang menggariskan pecahan jisim unsur utama seperti karbon (C), silikon (Si), mangan (Mn), fosforus (P), sulfur (S), kromium (Cr), molibdenum (Mo), nikel (Ni), kuprum (Cu), nitrogen (N), niobium (Nb), dan titanium (Ti). Komposisi ini dirujuk silang dengan kod ISO, kumpulan pengikat yang sepadan, dan piawaian berkaitan untuk memastikan keserasian dan kebolehpercayaan. Contohnya, ia menggunakan GB\/T 3098.6 untuk bolt, skru dan stad yang diperbuat daripada keluli tahan karat, GB\/T 3098.15 untuk nat, dan lain-lain untuk aplikasi khusus.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Secara praktikal, panduan ini membantu mengurangkan risiko yang berkaitan dengan kegagalan bahan dengan menyatakan komposisi yang meningkatkan sifat seperti kekuatan tegangan, kekuatan alah dan ketahanan terhadap kakisan antara butiran. Ia juga merangkumi nota tentang mengelakkan penambahan elemen yang tidak disengajakan semasa pembuatan untuk mengekalkan kebolehpelindapkejutan, sifat mekanikal dan kebolehgunaan. Profesional dalam kejuruteraan mekanikal bergantung pada piawaian ini untuk mengoptimumkan pemilihan pengikat, memastikan pematuhan dengan piawaian antarabangsa yang setara seperti piawaian ISO 3506 dan EN.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Faedah utama termasuk peningkatan keselamatan dalam pemasangan struktur, keberkesanan kos melalui pilihan bahan yang sesuai, dan peningkatan prestasi dalam persekitaran yang agresif. Contohnya, gred austenit digemari kerana sifat bukan magnet dan kebolehbentukannya, manakala gred dupleks menawarkan keseimbangan kekuatan dan rintangan kakisan. Piawaian ini menggalakkan amalan terbaik dalam sains bahan, menekankan kepentingan pengaloian yang tepat untuk mencapai hasil mekanikal yang diingini. Dengan mematuhi garis panduan ini, industri boleh mengurangkan masa henti dan kos penyelenggaraan yang berkaitan dengan degradasi pengikat.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\">Komposisi Kimia Keluli Tahan Karat Austenit<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Jadual 1 daripada GB\/T 3098.25-2020 memperincikan komposisi kimia keluli tahan karat austenit, merujuk kepada GB\/T 3098.6, GB\/T 3098.15, GB\/T 3098.16 dan GB\/T 3098.21. Komposisi ini penting untuk menentukan sifat mekanikal dan rintangan kakisan pengikat. Nilai diberikan sebagai pecahan jisim dalam peratus, dengan kebanyakannya merupakan had maksimum melainkan dinyatakan sebagai julat atau minimum. Keluli austenit dikenali kerana kebolehbentukan, kebolehkimpalan dan rintangan terhadap pengoksidaan yang sangat baik, menjadikannya sesuai untuk pengikat dalam persekitaran menghakis.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Jadual tersebut menyenaraikan kod ISO bersama komposisi unsur, termasuk C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, Mo, Ni, Cu, N, Nb, dan Ti, dan menetapkan kumpulan pengikat yang sepadan seperti A1, A2, A2L, A3, A4, A4L, A5, dan A8. Contohnya, ISO 4305-303-00-I (kumpulan A1) mempunyai C sehingga 0.12, Cr 17.0-19.0, dan S \u22650.15 untuk kebolehmesinan yang lebih baik. Spesifikasi ini memastikan konsistensi dalam prestasi, seperti mengekalkan struktur austenit untuk sifat bukan magnet.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Nota menekankan bahawa elemen yang tidak ditentukan tidak boleh ditambah tanpa persetujuan pembeli, kecuali untuk penapisan, dan langkah berjaga-jaga mesti diambil terhadap bahan cemar yang menjejaskan sifat. Kumpulan-kumpulan ini sejajar tetapi tidak sama dengan piawaian GB\/T yang lain. Data ini membantu dalam memilih bahan untuk beban dan suhu tertentu, mencegah masalah seperti keretakan kakisan tegasan.<\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div><\/div>\n<table dir=\"auto\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th data-col-size=\"xl\">Kod ISO<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"md\">C<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"xs\">Si<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"xs\">Mn<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"lg\">P<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"md\">S<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"lg\">Cr<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"md\">Bulan<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"lg\">Ni<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"xs\">Cu<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"md\">N<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"xs\">Nb<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"xs\">Ti<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"md\">Kumpulan<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4305-303-00-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.12<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.06<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u22650.15<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">17.0~19.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">8.0~10.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">A1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4301-304-00-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.07<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.045<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">17.5~19.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">8.0~10.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">A2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4307-304-03-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.045<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">17.5~19.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">8.0~10.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">A2L<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4311-304-53-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.045<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">17.5~19.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">8.0~11.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.12~0.22<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">A2L<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4567-304-98-X<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.08<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.045<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">17.0~19.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">8.0~10.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1.0~3.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">A2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4567-304-30-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.04<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.045<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">17.0~19.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">8.0~10.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">3.0~4.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">A3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4541-321-00-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.08<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.045<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">17.0~19.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">9.0~12.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">5\u00d7C~0.70<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">A3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4550-347-00-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.08<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.045<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">17.0~19.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">9.0~12.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">10\u00d7C~1.00<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">A3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4401-316-00-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.08<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.045<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">16.0~18.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">2.00~3.00<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">10.0~13.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">A4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4404-316-03-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.045<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">16.5~18.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">2.00~3.00<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">10.0~13.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">A4L<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4406-316-53-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.045<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">16.5~18.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">2.00~3.00<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">10.0~12.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.12~0.22<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">A4L<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4578-316-76-E<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.04<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.045<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.015<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">16.5~17.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">2.00~2.50<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">10.0~11.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">3.0~3.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">A4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4571-316-35-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.08<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.045<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">16.5~18.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">2.00~2.50<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">10.5~13.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">5\u00d7C~0.70<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">A5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4529-089-26-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.02<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">0.75<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.035<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.015<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">19.0~21.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">6.0~7.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">24.0~26.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">0.5~1.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.15~0.25<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">A8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4547-312-54-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.02<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">0.7<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.035<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.015<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">19.5~20.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">6.0~7.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">17.5~18.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">0.50~1.00<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.18~0.25<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">A8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4478-083-67-U<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.04<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">20.0~22.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">6.0~7.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">23.5~25.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">0.75<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.18~0.25<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">A8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\">Komposisi Kimia Keluli Martensitik, Ferit dan Dupleks<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Jadual 2 menggariskan komposisi kimia untuk keluli tahan karat martensitik, feritik dan dupleks, yang penting untuk pengikat yang memerlukan kekuatan tinggi dan rintangan kakisan sederhana. Keluli martensitik menawarkan kebolehkerasan melalui rawatan haba, feritik memberikan kemuluran yang baik, dan dupleks menggabungkan fasa austenit dan feritik untuk kekuatan dan rintangan lubang yang unggul.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Kod ISO dikaitkan dengan elemen dan kumpulan seperti C1, C3, C4, F1, D2, D4, D6 dan D8. Untuk martensit, ISO 4006-410-00-I (C1) mempunyai C 0.08~0.15 dan Cr 11.5~13.5. Contoh dupleks termasuk ISO 4462-318-03-I (D6) dengan Cr 21.0~23.0 dan Mo 2.5~3.5. Nota termasuk keperluan tungsten untuk kod tertentu dan pengiraan PREN untuk pengecaman dupleks.<\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div><\/div>\n<table dir=\"auto\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th data-col-size=\"xl\">Kod ISO<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"md\">C<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"xs\">Si<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"md\">Mn<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"md\">P<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"md\">S<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"lg\">Cr<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"lg\">Bulan<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"lg\">Ni<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"xs\">Cu<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"lg\">N<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"xs\">Nb<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"xs\">Ti<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"md\">Kumpulan<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"14\" data-col-size=\"xl\">Keluli Tahan Karat Martensitik<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4006-410-00-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.08~0.15<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">1.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.04<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">11.5~13.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.75<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">C1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4021-420-00-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.16~0.25<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">1.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.04<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">12.0~14.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">C1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4028-420-00-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.26~0.35<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">1.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.04<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">12.0~14.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">C1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4057-431-00-X<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.12~0.22<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">1.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.04<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">15.0~17.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">1.50~2.50<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">C3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4005-416-00-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.08~0.15<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">1.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.04<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u22650.15<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">12.0~14.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.6<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">C4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"14\" data-col-size=\"xl\">Keluli Tahan Karat Ferit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4016-430-00-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.08<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.04<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">16.0~18.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">F1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"14\" data-col-size=\"xl\">Keluli Tahan Karat Dupleks<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4482-320-01-X<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">4.0~6.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.035<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">19.5~21.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.10~0.60<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">1.50~3.50<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.05~0.20<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">D2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4362-323-04-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.035<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.015<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">22.0~24.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.10~0.60<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">3.5~5.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">0.10~0.60<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.05~0.20<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">D2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4062-322-02-U<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.04<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.01<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">21.5~24.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.45<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">1.00~2.90<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.16~0.28<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">D4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4162-321-01-E<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.04<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">4.0~6.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.04<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.015<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">21.0~22.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.10~0.80<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">1.35~1.90<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">0.10~0.80<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.20~0.25<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">D4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4662-824-41-X<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">0.7<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">2.50~4.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.035<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.005<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">23.0~25.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">1.00~2.00<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">3.0~4.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">0.10~0.80<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.20~0.30<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">D4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4462-318-03-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.035<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.015<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">21.0~23.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">2.5~3.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">4.5~6.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.10~0.22<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">D6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4481-312-60-J<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">1.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.04<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">24.0~26.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">2.5~3.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">5.5~7.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.08~0.30<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">D6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4410-327-50-E<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.035<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.015<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">24.0~26.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">3.0~4.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">6.0~8.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.24~0.35<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">D8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4501-327-60-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.01<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">24.0~26.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">3.0~4.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">6.0~8.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">0.5~1.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.20~0.30<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">D8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4507-325-20-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">0.7<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.035<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.015<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">24.0~26.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">3.0~4.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">6.0~8.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1.0~2.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.20~0.30<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">D8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\">Komposisi Kimia Keluli Tahan Karat Suhu Tinggi dan Aloi Nikel<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Jadual 3 merangkumi komposisi untuk aplikasi suhu tinggi, termasuk keluli martensitik dan jenis pengerasan pemendakan austenit dengan aloi nikel. Bahan-bahan ini direka bentuk untuk suhu tinggi, menawarkan rintangan rayapan dan perlindungan pengoksidaan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Kumpulan termasuk CH0, CH1, CH2, V atau VH, VW, SD, SB, dan 718. Bagi aloi nikel 2.4668 (718), C ialah 0.02~0.08, dengan Ni (50.00~55.00) dan Mo (2.80~3.30) yang tinggi. Nota memperincikan unsur tambahan seperti V, Al, B, Co, Fe, dan Nb untuk kod tertentu.<\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div><\/div>\n<table dir=\"auto\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th data-col-size=\"xl\">Kod ISO<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"lg\">C<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"xs\">Si<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"md\">Mn<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"lg\">P<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"lg\">S<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"lg\">Cr<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"md\">Bulan<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"lg\">Ni<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"xs\">Cu<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"xs\">N<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"xs\">Nb<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"xs\">Ti<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"md\">Kumpulan<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"14\" data-col-size=\"xl\">Keluli Tahan Karat Martensitik<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4021-420-00-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.16~0.25<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">1.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.04<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">12.0~14.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">CH0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4028-420-00-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.26~0.35<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">1.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.04<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">12.0~14.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">CH1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4057-431-00-X<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.12~0.22<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">1.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.04<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">15.0~17.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">1.50~2.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">CH2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4923-422-77-E<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.18~0.24<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">0.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.40~0.90<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.025<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.015<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">11.0~12.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.8~1.2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.30~0.80<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">V atau VH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">1.4913<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.17~0.23<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">0.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.40~0.90<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.025<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.015<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">10.0~11.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.50~0.80<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.20~0.60<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">0.05~0.10<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">0.25~0.55<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">VW<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"14\" data-col-size=\"xl\">Pengerasan Pemendakan Austenit Keluli Tahan Karat dan Aloi Nikel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">4980-662-86-X<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.08<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.04<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.03<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">13.5~16.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">1.0~1.5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">24.0~27.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1.90~2.35<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">SD<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">2.4952<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.04~0.10<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.02<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.015<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">18.0~21.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">\u226565<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">0.2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">1.80~2.70<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">SB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">2.4668<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.02~0.08<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">0.035<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">0.035<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.015<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">0.015<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">17.0~21.0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">2.80~3.30<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">50.00~55.00<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">0.3<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">0.60~1.20<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">718<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\">Gred Biasa untuk Pengikat Kepala Sejuk \u2013 Austenitik<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Jadual A.1 menyenaraikan gred austenit biasa untuk pengikat kepala sejuk, kategori rujukan silang, kumpulan, kod ISO, jawatan Eropah, kod ASTM, nama biasa AS, kedudukan GB\/T, kod GB\/T 20878 dan piawaian berkaitan. Ini membantu dalam memilih bahan untuk pengeluaran skru dan bolt dalam jumlah tinggi.<\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div><\/div>\n<table dir=\"auto\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th data-col-size=\"xl\">Kategori<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"sm\">Kumpulan<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"lg\">Kod ISO<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"lg\">Kod Eropah<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"lg\">Gred Eropah<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"sm\">Kod ASTM<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"md\">Nama AS<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"lg\">Kedudukan GB\/T<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"lg\">Kod GB\/T 20878<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"xl\">Piawaian Berkaitan<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" data-col-size=\"xl\">Austenitik Bersulfur<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\">A1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">4305-303-00-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">1.4305<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">X8CrNiS18-9<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\">S30300<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">303<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">Bab 5, Jadual 1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">S30317<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">ASTM A959, EN 10088-3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">A1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\">4570-303-31-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">1.457<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">X6CrNiCuS18-9-2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">S30331<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\">303Cu<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">GB\/T 3098.6 GB\/T 3098.15<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">–<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">EN 10088-3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"11\" data-col-size=\"xl\">Austenitik Tujuan Umum<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\">A2L<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">4307-304-03-I<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">1.4307<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">X2CrNi18-9<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\">S30403<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">304L<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">Bab 5, Jadual 1<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">S30403<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">ASTM A959, EN 10088-3, EN 10263-5, EN 10269<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p dir=\"auto\">","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction to the GB\/T 3098.25-2020 Standard GB\/T 3098.25-2020 is a critical national standard in China that provides a comprehensive guideline for the selection of stainless steel and nickel alloy fasteners based on their mechanical performance characteristics. This standard is part of the broader GB\/T 3098 series, which addresses mechanical properties of fasteners, and it specifically [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5655","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5655","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5655"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5655\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5657,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5655\/revisions\/5657"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5655"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5655"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5655"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}