{"id":5705,"date":"2025-12-24T01:41:35","date_gmt":"2025-12-24T01:41:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/?p=5705"},"modified":"2025-12-24T01:41:35","modified_gmt":"2025-12-24T01:41:35","slug":"gb-t-3098-8-bolts-for-200c-to-700c-use","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/id\/blog\/gb-t-3098-8-bolts-for-200c-to-700c-use\/","title":{"rendered":"Baut GB\/T 3098.8 untuk penggunaan pada suhu -200\u00b0C hingga +700\u00b0C"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Pengantar Standar GB\/T 3098.8<\/h2>\n

Standar ini menguraikan sifat mekanik, material, inspeksi, identifikasi, dan penandaan untuk bagian sambungan baut yang beroperasi pada suhu ekstrem dari -200\u00b0C hingga +700\u00b0C. Standar ini memastikan keandalan dalam aplikasi seperti bejana tekan, boiler, dan mesin suhu tinggi, melengkapi standar seperti GB\/T 3098.1, GB\/T 3098.6, dan DIN EN 10269.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Cakupan<\/h2>\n

GB\/T 3098.8-2010 menetapkan persyaratan untuk pengencang yang terbuat dari baja austenitik untuk suhu rendah hingga -200\u00b0C dan baja\/paduan nikel untuk suhu tinggi hingga +700\u00b0C. Standar ini mencakup tingkatan kinerja mekanik, metode pengujian, dan pencocokan material untuk menjamin integritas struktural di bawah tekanan termal. Hal ini sangat penting bagi industri yang membutuhkan ketahanan terhadap creep, relaksasi, dan kegagalan getas.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Berlaku untuk baut, sekrup, stud, dan mur pada sambungan baut.<\/li>\n
  • Berfokus pada kapasitas menahan beban penuh untuk pengoperasian yang aman di lingkungan ekstrem.<\/li>\n
  • Merujuk pada standar terkait untuk kepatuhan komprehensif.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
    \n

    Material dan Sifat Mekanik<\/h2>\n

    Pemilihan material didasarkan pada rentang suhu untuk menjaga integritas mekanik. Untuk suhu rendah, baja austenitik memberikan keuletan; untuk suhu tinggi, baja dan paduan nikel menawarkan kekuatan dan ketahanan terhadap deformasi plastis (creep). Sifat-sifat material harus memenuhi spesifikasi kekerasan, kekuatan tarik, dan beban uji.<\/p>\n

    Bahan Suhu Rendah<\/h3>\n

    Tabel 1 mencantumkan kelompok baja austenitik untuk suhu kerja minimum hingga -200\u00b0C, dengan sifat-sifat sesuai GB\/T 3098.6 dan GB\/T 3098.15. Kandungan tembaga \u22641%. Suhu yang lebih tinggi tidak berpengaruh; suhu yang lebih rendah memerlukan uji kinerja sesuai kondisi.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Suhu Kerja Kontinu Minimum (Perkiraan)<\/th>\nGrup BajaA<\/sup><\/th>\nNilai Kinerja<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    Baut<\/th>\nKacang<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    -60\u00b0CB<\/sup><\/td>\nA2L<\/td>\n50<\/td>\n50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    A2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    A3<\/td>\n70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    -200\u00b0CC<\/sup><\/td>\nA4L<\/td>\n70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    A4<\/td>\n80<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    A5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    A<\/sup> Kandungan tembaga \u22641% (sesuai GB\/T 3098.6 dan GB\/T 3098.15).
    \nB<\/sup> Baut berkepala.
    \nC<\/sup> Kancing.<\/p>\n

    Bahan Suhu Tinggi<\/h3>\n

    Tabel 2 merinci baja dan paduan nikel hingga +700\u00b0C, dengan sifat-sifat sesuai DIN EN 10269 Tabel 4 untuk perlakuan panas. Data referensi untuk kekuatan luluh, kekuatan rambatan, dan relaksasi dari DIN EN 10269 Tabel 5, C.1, D.1. Terkait dengan lembaran AD 2000-W2, W7, W10, dan VdTUV.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Kisaran Suhu Kerja per DIN EN 10269<\/th>\nBahan<\/th>\nKekerasan\/HV Baut dan\/atau Mur<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    menit<\/th>\nJangka pendekA<\/sup> maksimal<\/th>\nJangka panjangB<\/sup> maksimal<\/th>\nSingkatan<\/th>\nNomor<\/th>\nNilai<\/th>\nKondisi<\/th>\nmenit<\/th>\nmaksimal<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    -120\u00b0C<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\nKB<\/td>\n1.568<\/td>\nX12Ni5<\/td>\n+NT<\/td>\n157<\/td>\n203<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    +QT<\/td>\n173<\/td>\n235<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/<\/td>\n400\u00b0C<\/td>\n500\u00b0C<\/td>\nYd<\/td>\n1.1181<\/td>\nC35E<\/td>\n+N<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/<\/td>\n400\u00b0C<\/td>\n500\u00b0C<\/td>\nYK<\/td>\n1.1181<\/td>\nC35E<\/td>\n+QT<\/td>\n165<\/td>\n210<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/<\/td>\n400\u00b0C<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\nYB<\/td>\n1.5511<\/td>\n35B2G<\/sup><\/td>\n+QT<\/td>\n165<\/td>\n210<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    -60\u00b0C<\/td>\n500\u00b0C<\/td>\n550\u00b0C<\/td>\nKG<\/td>\n1.7218<\/td>\n25CrMo4<\/td>\n+QT<\/td>\n195<\/td>\n240<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    -100\u00b0C<\/td>\n500\u00b0C<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\nGC<\/td>\n1.7225<\/td>\n42CrMo4<\/td>\n+QT<\/td>\n275<\/td>\n337<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/<\/td>\n500\u00b0C<\/td>\n550\u00b0C<\/td>\nGA<\/td>\n1.7709<\/td>\n21CrMoV5-7<\/td>\n+QT<\/td>\n225<\/td>\n272<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/<\/td>\n600\u00b0C<\/td>\n550\u00b0C<\/td>\nGB<\/td>\n1.7711<\/td>\n40CrMoV46<\/td>\n+QT<\/td>\n272<\/td>\n320<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/<\/td>\n550\u00b0C<\/td>\n600\u00b0C<\/td>\nVe<\/td>\n1.4923<\/td>\nX22CrMoV12-1<\/td>\n+QT 1e<\/sup><\/td>\n256<\/td>\n303<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/<\/td>\n550\u00b0C<\/td>\n600\u00b0C<\/td>\nVHF<\/sup><\/td>\n1.4923<\/td>\nX22CrMoV12-1<\/td>\n+QT 2F<\/sup><\/td>\n287<\/td>\n367<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/<\/td>\n600\u00b0C<\/td>\n600\u00b0C<\/td>\nVW<\/td>\n1.4913<\/td>\nX19CrMoNbVN11-1<\/td>\n+QT<\/td>\n287<\/td>\n367<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/<\/td>\n650\u00b0C<\/td>\n670\u00b0C<\/td>\nS<\/td>\n1.4986<\/td>\nX7CrNiMoBNb16-16<\/td>\n+WW+P<\/td>\n210<\/td>\n272<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    -196\u00b0C<\/td>\n650\u00b0C<\/td>\n650\u00b0C<\/td>\nSD<\/td>\n1.498<\/td>\nX6NiCrTiMoVB25-15-2<\/td>\n+AT+P<\/td>\n287<\/td>\n367<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    -196\u00b0C<\/td>\n650\u00b0C<\/td>\n800\u00b0C<\/td>\nSB<\/td>\n2.4952<\/td>\nNiCr20TiAl<\/td>\n+AT+P<\/td>\n320<\/td>\n417<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    A<\/sup> Batas suhu untuk kekuatan luluh dan kekuatan tarik.
    \nB<\/sup> Batas suhu untuk kekuatan rambatan dan putus.
    \nC<\/sup> Kondisi per DIN EN 10269 Tabel 4: +N (dinormalisasi), +NT (dinormalisasi dan ditempa), +QT (didinginkan dan ditempa), +WW (dikerjakan panas), +AT (anil larutan), +P (pengerasan presipitasi).
    \nD<\/sup> Hanya untuk kacang-kacangan.
    \ne<\/sup> V per DIN EN 10269, Rp0,2 \u2265600 N\/mm\u00b2 (+QT1).
    \nF<\/sup> VH per DIN EN 10269, Rp0,2 \u2265600 N\/mm\u00b2 (+QT2).
    \nG<\/sup> Lihat VdTUV WB 490.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    Kapasitas Muat<\/h2>\n

    Nilai beban memastikan pengencang mampu menahan tekanan operasional. Digunakan untuk verifikasi desain.<\/p>\n

    Beban Tarik Minimum untuk Baut Ulir Kasar<\/h3>\n

    Tabel 4a: As,nom<\/sub> \u00d7 Rm, menit<\/sub> \/kN<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Ukuran Benang d<\/th>\nArea Stres As,nom<\/sub> \/mm\u00b2<\/th>\nBaja Tahan Karat Austenitik Kelas<\/th>\nBaja dan Paduan Nikel<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    50<\/th>\n70<\/th>\nKB<\/th>\nYK<\/th>\nKG<\/th>\nGA<\/th>\nGB<\/th>\nGC<\/th>\nV<\/th>\nVH<\/th>\nS<\/th>\nSD<\/th>\nSB<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    YB<\/th>\nVW<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    M3<\/td>\n5.03<\/td>\n2.52<\/td>\n3.52<\/td>\n2.67<\/td>\n2.52<\/td>\n3.02<\/td>\n3.52<\/td>\n4.28<\/td>\n4.33<\/td>\n4.02<\/td>\n4.53<\/td>\n3.27<\/td>\n4.53<\/td>\n5.03<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M3.5<\/td>\n6.78<\/td>\n3.39<\/td>\n4.75<\/td>\n3.59<\/td>\n3.39<\/td>\n4.07<\/td>\n4.75<\/td>\n5.76<\/td>\n5.83<\/td>\n5.42<\/td>\n6.1<\/td>\n4.41<\/td>\n6.1<\/td>\n6.78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M4<\/td>\n8.78<\/td>\n4.39<\/td>\n6.15<\/td>\n4.65<\/td>\n4.39<\/td>\n5.27<\/td>\n6.15<\/td>\n7.46<\/td>\n7.55<\/td>\n7.02<\/td>\n7.9<\/td>\n5.71<\/td>\n7.9<\/td>\n8.78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M5<\/td>\n14.2<\/td>\n7.1<\/td>\n9.94<\/td>\n7.53<\/td>\n7.1<\/td>\n8.52<\/td>\n9.94<\/td>\n12.1<\/td>\n12.2<\/td>\n11.4<\/td>\n12.8<\/td>\n9.23<\/td>\n12.8<\/td>\n14.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M6<\/td>\n20.1<\/td>\n10.1<\/td>\n14.1<\/td>\n10.7<\/td>\n10.1<\/td>\n12.1<\/td>\n14.1<\/td>\n17.1<\/td>\n17.3<\/td>\n16.1<\/td>\n18.1<\/td>\n13.1<\/td>\n18.1<\/td>\n20.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M7<\/td>\n28.9<\/td>\n14.5<\/td>\n20.2<\/td>\n15.3<\/td>\n14.5<\/td>\n17.3<\/td>\n20.2<\/td>\n24.6<\/td>\n24.9<\/td>\n23.1<\/td>\n26<\/td>\n18.8<\/td>\n26<\/td>\n28.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M8<\/td>\n36.6<\/td>\n18.3<\/td>\n25.6<\/td>\n19.4<\/td>\n18.3<\/td>\n22<\/td>\n25.6<\/td>\n31.1<\/td>\n31.5<\/td>\n29.3<\/td>\n32.9<\/td>\n23.8<\/td>\n32.9<\/td>\n36.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M10<\/td>\n58<\/td>\n29<\/td>\n40.6<\/td>\n30.7<\/td>\n29<\/td>\n34.8<\/td>\n40.6<\/td>\n49.3<\/td>\n49.9<\/td>\n46.4<\/td>\n52.2<\/td>\n37.7<\/td>\n52.2<\/td>\n58<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M12<\/td>\n84.3<\/td>\n42.2<\/td>\n59<\/td>\n44.7<\/td>\n42.2<\/td>\n50.6<\/td>\n59<\/td>\n71.7<\/td>\n72.5<\/td>\n67.4<\/td>\n75.9<\/td>\n54.8<\/td>\n75.9<\/td>\n84.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M14<\/td>\n115<\/td>\n57.5<\/td>\n80.5<\/td>\n61<\/td>\n57.5<\/td>\n69<\/td>\n80.5<\/td>\n97.8<\/td>\n98.9<\/td>\n92<\/td>\n104<\/td>\n74.8<\/td>\n104<\/td>\n115<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M16<\/td>\n157<\/td>\n78.5<\/td>\n110<\/td>\n83.2<\/td>\n78.5<\/td>\n94.2<\/td>\n110<\/td>\n133<\/td>\n135<\/td>\n126<\/td>\n141<\/td>\n102<\/td>\n141<\/td>\n157<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M18<\/td>\n192<\/td>\n96<\/td>\n134<\/td>\n102<\/td>\n96<\/td>\n115<\/td>\n134<\/td>\n163<\/td>\n165<\/td>\n154<\/td>\n173<\/td>\n125<\/td>\n173<\/td>\n192<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M20<\/td>\n245<\/td>\n123<\/td>\n172<\/td>\n130<\/td>\n123<\/td>\n147<\/td>\n172<\/td>\n208<\/td>\n211<\/td>\n196<\/td>\n221<\/td>\n159<\/td>\n221<\/td>\n245<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M22<\/td>\n303<\/td>\n152<\/td>\n212<\/td>\n161<\/td>\n152<\/td>\n182<\/td>\n212<\/td>\n258<\/td>\n261<\/td>\n242<\/td>\n273<\/td>\n197<\/td>\n273<\/td>\n303<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M24<\/td>\n353<\/td>\n177<\/td>\n247<\/td>\n187<\/td>\n177<\/td>\n212<\/td>\n247<\/td>\n300<\/td>\n304<\/td>\n282<\/td>\n318<\/td>\n229<\/td>\n318<\/td>\n353<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M27<\/td>\n459<\/td>\n230<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n243<\/td>\n230<\/td>\n275<\/td>\n321<\/td>\n390<\/td>\n395<\/td>\n367<\/td>\n413<\/td>\n298<\/td>\n413<\/td>\n459<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M30<\/td>\n561<\/td>\n281<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n297<\/td>\n281<\/td>\n337<\/td>\n393<\/td>\n477<\/td>\n482<\/td>\n449<\/td>\n505<\/td>\n365<\/td>\n505<\/td>\n561<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M33<\/td>\n694<\/td>\n347<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n368<\/td>\n347<\/td>\n416<\/td>\n486<\/td>\n590<\/td>\n597<\/td>\n555<\/td>\n625<\/td>\n451<\/td>\n625<\/td>\n694<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M36<\/td>\n817<\/td>\n409<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n433<\/td>\n409<\/td>\n490<\/td>\n572<\/td>\n694<\/td>\n703<\/td>\n654<\/td>\n735<\/td>\n531<\/td>\n735<\/td>\n817<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M39<\/td>\n976<\/td>\n488<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n517<\/td>\n488<\/td>\n586<\/td>\n683<\/td>\n830<\/td>\n839<\/td>\n781<\/td>\n878<\/td>\n634<\/td>\n878<\/td>\n976<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \n

    Kapasitas Beban Sambungan Baut<\/h2>\n

    Untuk kapasitas penuh: Mencocokkan baut dan mur kapasitas penuh dengan tinggi yang sesuai (Tipe 1 untuk ulir kasar, Tipe 2 untuk ulir halus), toleransi ulir, dan rasio kekuatan. Patah dalam uji tarik harus terjadi pada bagian yang tidak berulir sesuai GB\/T 3098.1 atau 3098.6. Stud berpinggang sesuai GB\/T 13807.2\/3 dengan toleransi sesuai GB\/T 3103.4.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Lakukan uji tarik untuk memverifikasi beban minimum.<\/li>\n
    2. Pastikan ketinggian mur memenuhi persyaratan tipe untuk distribusi beban.<\/li>\n
    3. Padukan material untuk menghindari titik lemah dalam perakitan.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
      \n

      Pertanyaan yang Sering Diajukan (FAQ)<\/h2>\n

      Material apa saja yang cocok untuk aplikasi pada suhu -200\u00b0C?<\/h3>\n

      Baja austenitik seperti A4L, A4, A5 dengan grade 70 atau 80, memastikan keuletan dan ketangguhan sesuai Tabel 1.<\/p>\n

      Bagaimana cara memilih baut dan mur yang sesuai untuk suhu tinggi?<\/h3>\n

      Gunakan Tabel 3 untuk pasangan yang rasional, memastikan kekuatan mur >70% dari baut dan toleransi ulir yang tepat untuk kapasitas penuh.<\/p>\n

      Bagaimana jika suhu operasi melebihi +700\u00b0C?<\/h3>\n

      Batas standar hingga +700\u00b0C; untuk suhu yang lebih tinggi, lakukan uji creep dan relaksasi khusus sesuai pedoman DIN EN 10269.<\/p>\n

      Mengapa tegangan bukti yang lebih tinggi untuk mur austenitik?<\/h3>\n

      Untuk memperhitungkan variasi produksi dalam batch kecil, memastikan keandalan saat dipasangkan dengan baut yang lebih lunak (lihat Tabel 3 catatan b).<\/p>\n

      Bagaimana cara menguji kapasitas daya dukung beban penuh?<\/h3>\n

      Lakukan uji tarik sesuai GB\/T 3098.1 atau 3098.6, verifikasi lokasi patahan dan beban minimum dari Tabel 4a\/5a.<\/p>\n

      Apakah ada pembatasan kandungan tembaga?<\/h3>\n

      Ya, \u22641% untuk baja austenitik untuk mencegah kerapuhan pada penggunaan suhu rendah.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

       <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Introduction to GB\/T 3098.8 Standard This standard outlines mechanical properties, materials, inspection, identification, and marking for bolted connection parts operating in extreme temperatures from -200\u00b0C to +700\u00b0C. It ensures reliability in applications such as pressure vessels, boilers, and high-temperature machinery, supplementing standards like GB\/T 3098.1, GB\/T 3098.6, and DIN EN 10269. Scope GB\/T 3098.8-2010 specifies […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[220],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5705","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technical-documentation-and-references"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5705","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5705"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5705\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5707,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5705\/revisions\/5707"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5705"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5705"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5705"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}