{"id":5723,"date":"2025-12-24T02:35:38","date_gmt":"2025-12-24T02:35:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/?p=5723"},"modified":"2025-12-24T02:36:28","modified_gmt":"2025-12-24T02:36:28","slug":"gb-t-3098-2-2015-coarse-thread-nut-properties-standard","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/es\/blog\/gb-t-3098-2-2015-coarse-thread-nut-properties-standard\/","title":{"rendered":"GB\/T 3098.2-2015: Norma sobre las propiedades de las tuercas de rosca gruesa"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #333; font-size: 1.5em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">Esquema del art\u00edculo<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">Este art\u00edculo ofrece un an\u00e1lisis exhaustivo de la norma GB\/T 3098.2-2015, estructurada para facilitar su consulta y aplicaci\u00f3n pr\u00e1ctica en contextos de ingenier\u00eda:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc; padding-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<li>Introducci\u00f3n: Descripci\u00f3n general y aplicabilidad de la norma.<\/li>\n<li>Materiales: Composici\u00f3n qu\u00edmica y pautas para el tratamiento t\u00e9rmico.<\/li>\n<li>Propiedades mec\u00e1nicas: Requisitos de carga de prueba.<\/li>\n<li>Requisitos de dureza: Valores de dureza especificados.<\/li>\n<li>Tipos de tuercas y compatibilidad de pernos: Compatibilidad con pernos.<\/li>\n<li>Consideraciones sobre el par motor: Informaci\u00f3n relevante sobre la aplicaci\u00f3n del par motor.<\/li>\n<li>Preguntas frecuentes: Respuestas a las consultas profesionales m\u00e1s comunes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #333; font-size: 1.5em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">Introducci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">La norma GB\/T 3098.2-2015 establece las propiedades mec\u00e1nicas y f\u00edsicas de las tuercas de rosca gruesa fabricadas en acero al carbono o acero aleado, ensayadas a temperaturas ambiente entre 10 \u00b0C y 35 \u00b0C. Es fundamental para garantizar la fiabilidad y la seguridad de los conjuntos de fijaci\u00f3n en sectores como la construcci\u00f3n, la automoci\u00f3n y la fabricaci\u00f3n de maquinaria.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">Esta norma se centra en las cargas de prueba, la dureza y las especificaciones de los materiales para prevenir fallos bajo carga. Los ingenieros deben aplicar estas directrices durante el dise\u00f1o y el control de calidad para seleccionar las tuercas adecuadas y optimizar el rendimiento y la durabilidad del ensamblaje.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #333; font-size: 1.5em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">Materiales<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">Las tuercas se fabricar\u00e1n con acero al carbono de composici\u00f3n qu\u00edmica espec\u00edfica para lograr las propiedades mec\u00e1nicas requeridas. El tratamiento t\u00e9rmico, como el temple y el revenido, es obligatorio para las clases de propiedades superiores a fin de garantizar una templabilidad suficiente, lo que da como resultado una estructura de martensita aproximadamente 90% en la secci\u00f3n roscada antes del revenido.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">Consideraciones clave para la selecci\u00f3n de materiales:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc; padding-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<li>Limitar el contenido de carbono permite controlar la dureza y la fragilidad.<\/li>\n<li>Mantener un contenido m\u00ednimo de manganeso para garantizar la resistencia y la templabilidad.<\/li>\n<li>Restringir el f\u00f3sforo y el azufre para evitar la fragilizaci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<li>Aplicar temple y revenido para las clases 05, 8 (D&gt; M16), 10 y 12.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"table-container\" style=\"overflow-x: auto; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 10px;\">Composici\u00f3n qu\u00edmica<\/h3>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">Clase de propiedad<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Material<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Tratamiento t\u00e9rmico<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">C (%) m\u00e1x.<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Mn (%) m\u00edn.<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">P (%) m\u00e1x.<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">S (%) m\u00e1x.<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Acero carbono<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Opcional<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.58<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.25<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.060<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Acero carbono<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Templado y revenido<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.58<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.048<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.058<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Acero carbono<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Opcional<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.58<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.060<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">6<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Acero carbono<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Opcional<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.58<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.060<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Estilo 2<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Acero carbono<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Opcional<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.58<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.25<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.060<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Estilo 1 D \u2264 M16<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Acero carbono<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Opcional<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.58<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.25<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.060<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Estilo 1 D &gt; M16<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Acero carbono<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Templado y revenido<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.58<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.048<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.058<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">10<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Acero carbono<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Templado y revenido<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.58<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.048<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.058<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">12<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Acero carbono<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Templado y revenido<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.58<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.45<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.048<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.058<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">Nota: Para las clases que requieren temple y revenido, los materiales deben presentar una templabilidad adecuada. La composici\u00f3n qu\u00edmica debe evaluarse seg\u00fan las normas pertinentes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #333; font-size: 1.5em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">Propiedades mec\u00e1nicas<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">Las tuercas deben soportar cargas de prueba espec\u00edficas sin fallar, lo que representa la carga m\u00e1xima segura en las conexiones mec\u00e1nicas. Estos valores garantizan la integridad estructural bajo tensi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">Gu\u00eda de aplicaci\u00f3n:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc; padding-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<li>Seleccione la clase de propiedad en funci\u00f3n de los requisitos de carga del ensamblaje.<\/li>\n<li>Verifique las cargas de prueba mediante ensayos a temperatura ambiente.<\/li>\n<li>Considere factores como el acoplamiento de la rosca y la compatibilidad del material.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"table-container\" style=\"overflow-x: auto; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 10px;\">Cargas de prueba (N)<\/h3>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Hilo<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Paso<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">04<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">05<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">5<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">6<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">8<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">10<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">12<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">0.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">5400<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">7100<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">8250<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">9500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">12140<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">14800<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">16300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M6<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">7640<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">10000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">11700<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">13500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">17200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">20900<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">23100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M7<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">11000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">14500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">16800<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">19400<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">24700<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">30100<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">33200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">1.25<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">13900<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">18300<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">21600<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">24900<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">31800<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">38100<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">42500<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M10<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">1.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">22000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">29000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">34200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">39400<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">50500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">60300<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">67300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M12<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">1.75<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">32000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">42200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">51400<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">59000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">74200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">88500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">100300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M14<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">43700<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">57500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">70200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">80500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">101200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">120800<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">136900<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M16<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">59700<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">78500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">95800<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">109900<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">138200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">164900<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">186800<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M18<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">73000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">96000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">121000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">138200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">176600<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">203500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">230400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M20<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">93100<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">122500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">154400<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">176400<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">225400<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">259700<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">294000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M22<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">115100<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">151500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">190900<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">218200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">278800<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">321200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">363600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M24<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">134100<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">176500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">222400<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">254200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">324800<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">374200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">423600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M27<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">174400<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">229500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">289200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">330500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">422300<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">486500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">550800<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M30<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">3.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">213200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">280500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">353400<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">403900<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">516100<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">594700<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">673200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M33<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">3.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">263700<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">347000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">437200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">499700<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">638500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">735600<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">832800<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M36<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">310500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">408500<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">514700<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">588200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">751600<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">866000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">980400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M39<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">370900<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">488000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">614900<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">702700<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">897900<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">1035000<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">1171000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">Nota: La carga de prueba se aproxima a la resistencia m\u00ednima a la tracci\u00f3n que puede soportar la tuerca.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #333; font-size: 1.5em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">Requisitos de dureza<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">La dureza garantiza que las tuercas resistan la deformaci\u00f3n y mantengan su integridad bajo carga. Los valores se especifican en las escalas Vickers (HV), Brinell (HB) y Rockwell (HRC), con conversiones seg\u00fan la norma ISO 18265.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">Orientaci\u00f3n pr\u00e1ctica:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc; padding-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<li>Para mayor precisi\u00f3n, utilice la prueba Vickers con una carga m\u00ednima de 98 N.<\/li>\n<li>Ajustar seg\u00fan el tama\u00f1o de la tuerca; se aplican m\u00ednimos diferentes para D &gt; M16.<\/li>\n<li>Verifique que el tratamiento t\u00e9rmico posterior cumpla con los requisitos de la clase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"table-container\" style=\"overflow-x: auto; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 10px;\">Requisitos de dureza<\/h3>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\">Hilo<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">04<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">05<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">5<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">6<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">8<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">10<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" colspan=\"2\">12<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M\u00ednimo<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M\u00e1ximo<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M\u00ednimo<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M\u00e1ximo<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M\u00ednimo<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M\u00e1ximo<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M\u00ednimo<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M\u00e1ximo<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M\u00ednimo<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M\u00e1ximo<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M\u00ednimo<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M\u00e1ximo<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M\u00ednimo<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M\u00e1ximo<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M5 \u2264 D \u2264 M16<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"2\">Alto voltaje<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">188<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">302<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">272<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">353<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">130<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">302<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">150<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">302<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">200<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">302<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">272<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">353<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">295<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">353<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M16 &lt; D \u2264 M39<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">188<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">302<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">272<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">353<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">146<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">302<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">170<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">302<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">233<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">353<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">272<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">353<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">272<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">353<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M5 \u2264 D \u2264 M16<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"2\">media pensi\u00f3n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">179<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">287<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">259<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">336<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">124<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">287<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">143<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">287<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">190<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">287<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">259<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">336<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">280<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">336<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M16 &lt; D \u2264 M39<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">179<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">287<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">259<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">336<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">139<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">287<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">162<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">287<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">221<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">336<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">259<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">336<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">259<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">336<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M5 \u2264 D \u2264 M16<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\" rowspan=\"2\">CDH<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">30<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">26<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">36<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">30<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">30<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">30<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">26<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">36<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">29<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">36<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M16 &lt; D \u2264 M39<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">30<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">26<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">36<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">30<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">30<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">36<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">26<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">36<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">26<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">36<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">Notas: Para tuercas estilo 2 de clase 8, la dureza m\u00ednima es de 180 HV (171 HB). Para tuercas estilo 2 de clase 10, es de 302 HV (287 HB, 30 HRC). Para tuercas estilo 2 de clase 12, es de 272 HV (259 HB, 26 HRC).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #333; font-size: 1.5em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">Tipos de tuercas y compatibilidad de pernos<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">Las tuercas se clasifican en estilos (0 delgadas, 1 est\u00e1ndar, 2 altas) con rangos de di\u00e1metro espec\u00edficos y clases de pernos compatibles para garantizar la resistencia del ensamblaje y evitar que se da\u00f1en o fallen.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">Recomendaciones para la selecci\u00f3n:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc; padding-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<li>Utilice tuercas delgadas (estilo 0) como contratuercas con una tuerca est\u00e1ndar o alta, apretando primero la delgada.<\/li>\n<li>Para una precarga \u00f3ptima, haga coincidir la clase de tuerca con la clase de propiedad m\u00e1xima del perno.<\/li>\n<li>Considere el paso de rosca para aplicaciones de rosca fina o gruesa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"table-container\" style=\"overflow-x: auto; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 10px;\">Tipos de tuercas, di\u00e1metros y compatibilidad de pernos<\/h3>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Clase de propiedad<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">04<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">05<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">5<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">6<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">8<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">10<\/th>\n<th style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">12<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Estilo 1 (Est\u00e1ndar)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M5\u2264D\u2264M39 \/ M8x1\u2264D\u2264M39x3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M5\u2264D\u2264M39 \/ M8x1\u2264D\u2264M39x3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M5\u2264D\u2264M39 \/ M8x1\u2264D\u2264M39x3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M5\u2264D\u2264M39 \/ M8x1\u2264D\u2264M16x1.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M5\u2264D\u2264M16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Estilo 2 (Alto)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M16\u2264D\u2264M39 \/ M8x1\u2264D\u2264M16x1.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M5\u2264D\u2264M39 \/ M8x1\u2264D\u2264M39x3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M5\u2264D\u2264M39 \/ M8x1\u2264D\u2264M16x1.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Estilo 0 (Fino)<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M5\u2264D\u2264M39 \/ M8x1\u2264D\u2264M39x3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">M5\u2264D\u2264M39 \/ M8x1\u2264D\u2264M39x3<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">Perno a juego de clase m\u00e1xima<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">–<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">5.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">6.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">8.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">10.9<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left;\">12.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #333; font-size: 1.5em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">Consideraciones sobre el par<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">La norma no especifica el par de apriete de rotura para las tuercas, en consonancia con las normas ISO 898-2 y DIN 267-24, para evitar confusiones entre el par de apriete y la precarga como referencias de dise\u00f1o. En su lugar, se priorizan las cargas de prueba, la resistencia a la fatiga y la dureza para lograr conexiones fiables.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\">En la pr\u00e1ctica, el par de apriete aplicado a tuercas o tornillos en los ensamblajes se convierte parcialmente en fuerza de sujeci\u00f3n, influenciada por la fricci\u00f3n, los lubricantes y componentes como las arandelas. Como referencia, considere los valores de par de apriete de tornillos del mismo di\u00e1metro y de clases similares, pero siempre priorice los c\u00e1lculos de ingenier\u00eda para aplicaciones espec\u00edficas.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 30px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #333; font-size: 1.5em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px;\">Preguntas frecuentes<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: decimal; padding-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\"><strong>\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 es necesario el temple y el revenido para las clases de nueces de mayor calidad?<\/strong><br \/>\nMejora la templabilidad, asegurando una estructura martens\u00edtica para una mayor resistencia y durabilidad ante la deformaci\u00f3n bajo cargas elevadas, seg\u00fan los requisitos de la Tabla 3.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\"><strong>\u00bfC\u00f3mo deben utilizarse las tuercas delgadas (estilo 0) en los ensamblajes?<\/strong><br \/>\nEns\u00e1mblelas como contratuercas con una tuerca est\u00e1ndar o alta; apriete primero la tuerca delgada contra la pieza y luego la tuerca exterior contra ella para evitar que se afloje.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\"><strong>\u00bfQu\u00e9 ocurre si la dureza de una tuerca supera el m\u00e1ximo especificado?<\/strong><br \/>\nUna dureza excesiva puede indicar riesgos de sobretemperado, lo que puede provocar fragilidad; vuelva a analizar o rechace los lotes para cumplir con los l\u00edmites de la Tabla 6 y mantener la ductilidad.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\"><strong>\u00bfSe pueden usar tuercas con pernos de clases de resistencia inferiores?<\/strong><br \/>\nS\u00ed, pero aseg\u00farese de que el perno coincida con la clase m\u00e1xima seg\u00fan la norma para evitar una subutilizaci\u00f3n; verifique siempre la precarga de montaje y el rendimiento ante la fatiga.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\"><strong>\u00bfC\u00f3mo probar con precisi\u00f3n las cargas de prueba de tuercas?<\/strong><br \/>\nUtilice los m\u00e9todos descritos en la cl\u00e1usula 9 a temperaturas entre 10 \u00b0C y 35 \u00b0C; aplique una carga axial sin rotaci\u00f3n, asegur\u00e1ndose de que la rosca est\u00e9 completamente acoplada para simular condiciones reales.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 15px;\"><strong>\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 son m\u00e1s estrictos los l\u00edmites de f\u00f3sforo y azufre para las clases templadas?<\/strong><br \/>\nLos niveles m\u00e1s bajos evitan la fragilizaci\u00f3n durante el tratamiento t\u00e9rmico, lo que mejora la resistencia y la fiabilidad en aplicaciones de alta tensi\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Esquema del art\u00edculo Este art\u00edculo ofrece un an\u00e1lisis exhaustivo de la norma GB\/T 3098.2-2015, estructurada para facilitar su consulta y aplicaci\u00f3n pr\u00e1ctica en contextos de ingenier\u00eda: Introducci\u00f3n: Descripci\u00f3n general y aplicabilidad de la norma. Materiales: Composici\u00f3n qu\u00edmica y directrices de tratamiento t\u00e9rmico. Propiedades mec\u00e1nicas: Requisitos de carga de prueba. Requisitos de dureza: Valores de dureza especificados. Tipos de tuercas y compatibilidad de pernos: Compatibilidad con [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[220],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technical-documentation-and-references"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5723","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5723"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5723\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5726,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5723\/revisions\/5726"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5723"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5723"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/korea-transmission.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5723"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}